Grigore C. Burdea, Philippe Coiffet

Virtual Reality Technology

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

Virtual reality (VR) uses simulations to emulate aspects of the real world. In VR, human senses such as touch are replicated electronically. Its applications are limitless with VR being used to train surgeons, simulate military battles, pilot airplanes, as well as a host of entertainment industry possibilities. This expanded and updated edition discusses all aspects of Virtual Reality from an engineering point of view. Major topics discussed are VR tools, touch and force feedback, computing architectures, object modeling, programming for VR, human factors and applications.

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A groundbreaking Virtual Reality textbook is now even better

Virtual reality is a very powerful and compelling computer application by which humans can interface and interact with computer-generated environments in a way that mimics real life and engages all the senses. Although its most widely known application is in the entertainment industry, the real promise of virtual reality lies in such fields as medicine, engineering, oil exploration and the military, to name just a few. Through virtual reality scientists can triple the rate of oil discovery, pilots can dogfight numerically-superior "bandits," and surgeons can improve their skills on virtual (rather than real) patients.

This Second Edition of the first comprehensive technical book on the subject of virtual reality provides updated and expanded coverage of the technology--where it originated, how it has evolved, and where it is going. The authors cover all of the latest innovations and applications that aremaking virtual reality more important than ever before, including:
_ Coverage on input and output interfaces including touch and force feedback
_ Computing architecture (with emphasis on the rendering pipeline and task distribution)
_ Object modeling (including physical and behavioral aspects)
_ Programming for virtual reality
_ An in-depth look at human factors issues, user performance, and
_ sensorial conflict aspects of VR
_ Traditional and emerging VR applications
The new edition of Virtual Reality Technology is specifically designed for use as a textbook. Thus it includes definitions, review questions, and a Laboratory Manual with homework and programming assignments. The accompanying CD-ROM also contains video clips that reinforce the topics covered in the textbook. The Second Edition will serve as a state-of-the-art resource for both graduate and undergraduate students in engineering, computer science, and other disciplines.

GRIGORE C. BURDEA is a professor at Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, and author of the book Force and Touch Feedback for Virtual Reality, also published by Wiley.

PHILIPPE COIFFET is a Director of Research at CNRS (French National Scientific Research Center) and Member of the National Academy of Technologies of France. He authored 20 books on Robotics and VR translated into several languages.

Produktdetails

• Wiley - IEEE
• Verlag: Wiley & Sons
• 2. Aufl.
• Seitenzahl: 464
• Erscheinungstermin: 30. Juni 2003
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 260mm x 183mm x 29mm
• Gewicht: 992g
• ISBN-13: 9780471360896
• ISBN-10: 0471360899
• Artikelnr.: 14869691

Autorenporträt

GRIGORE C. BURDEA is a professor at Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, and author of the book Force and Touch Feedback for Virtual Reality, also published by Wiley. PHILIPPE COIFFET is a Director of Research at CNRS (French National Scientific Research Center) and Member of the National Academy of Technologies of France. He has authored twenty books on robotics and virtual reality, which have been translated into several languages.

Inhaltsangabe

FOREWORD. PREFACE. 1 INTRODUCTION. 1.1 The Three I's of Virtual Reality.
1.2 A Short History of Early Virtual Reality. 1.3 Early Commercial VR
Technology . 1.4 VR Becomes an Industry. 1.5 The Five Classic Components of
a VR System. 1.6 Review Questions. References. 2 INPUT DEVICES: TRACKERS,
NAVIGATION, AND GESTURE INTERFACES. 2.1 Three-Dimensional Position
Trackers. 2.2 Navigation and Manipulation Interfaces. 2.3 Gesture
Interfaces. 2.4 Conclusion. 2.5 Review Questions. References. 3 OUTPUT
DEVICES: GRAPHICS, THREE-DIMENSIONAL SOUND, AND HAPTIC DISPLAYS. 3.1
Graphics Displays. 3.2 Sound Displays. 3.3 Haptic Feedback. 3.4 Conclusion.
3.5 Review Questions. References. 4 COMPUTING ARCHITECTURES FOR VR. 4.1 The
Rendering Pipeline. 4.2 PC Graphics Architecture. 4.3 Workstation-Based
Architectures. 4.4 Distributed VR Architectures. 4.5 Conclusion. 4.6 Review
Questions. References. 5 MODELING. 5.1 Geometric Modeling. 5.2 Kinematics
Modeling. 5.3 Physical Modeling. 5.4 Behavior Modeling. 5.5 Model
Management. 5.6 Conclusion. 5.7 Review Questions. References. 6 VR
PROGRAMMING. 6.1 Toolkits and Scene Graphs. 6.2 WorldToolKit. 6.3 Java 3D.
6.4 General Haptics Open Software Toolkit. 6.5 PeopleShop. 6.6 Conclusion.
6.7 Review Questions. References. 7 HUMAN FACTORS IN VR. 7.1 Methodology
and Terminology. 7.2 User Performance Studies. 7.3 VR Health and Safety
Issues. 7.4 VR and Society. 7.5 Conclusion. 7.6 Review Questions.
References. 8 TRADITIONAL VR APPLICATIONS. 8.1 Medical Applications of VR.
8.2 Education, Arts, and Entertainment. 8.3 Military VR Applications. 8.4
Conclusion. 8.5 Review Questions. References. 9 EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF
VR. 9.1 VR Applications in Manufacturing. 9.2 Applications of VR in
Robotics. 9.3 Information Visualization. 9.4 Conclusion. 9.5 Review
Questions. References. INDEX.

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Book Table of Contents

Dedication

Foreword

Preface to the 3rd Edition

1. Introduction

1.1 THE THREE I'S OF VIRTUAL REALITY

1.2 EARLY VIRTUAL REALITY

1.3 FIRST COMMERCIAL VIRTUAL REALITY

1.4 VIRTUAL REALITY AT THE TURN OF THE MILENIUM

1.5 VIRTUAL REALITY IN THE 21ST CENTURY

1.5 COMPONENTS OF CLASSICAL AND MODERN VIRTUAL REALITY SYSTEMS

1.6 REVIEW QUESTIONS

REFERENCES

2. Input Devices: Trackers, Navigation, Gesture and Neural Interfaces

2.1 THREE-DIMENSIONAL POSITION TRACKERS

2.1.1 Tracker performance parameters

2.1.2 Electromagnetic trackers

Trackers using alternating current (AC) magnetic fields

Trackers using direct current (DC) magnetic fields

Comparison of AC and DC Magnetic Trackers Accuracy Degradation

2.1.3 Optical Trackers

Passive Camera-based Optical Trackers

Active Camera-based Optical Trackers

Time-of-Flight Optical Trackers

Consumer-Grade Optical Trackers

Inside-looking-out Optical Trackers

Eye Trackers for Head-Mounted Displays

2.1.4 Optical Tracker Accuracy Degradation

2.1.5 Hybrid Inertia Trackers

Hybrid inertial-optical trackers

2.1.6 Global Positioning System Trackers

2.2 NAVIGATION AND MANIPULATION INTERFACES

2.2.1 Desktop Navigation Interfaces

2.2.2 Hand-held Navigation and Manipulation Interfaces

The FlightStick3

Game controllers are navigation and manipulation interfaces

2.2.3 Locomotion interfaces

The Cybershoes Arcade

The Omni Treadmill

2.3 GESTURE INTERFACES

2.3.1 Sensing Gloves

The 5DT Ultra Glove Ultra 14

The CyberGlove II

The Cyberglove-HT

2.3.2 Natural hand tracking

Natural vs Sensing Glove-based Hand Tracking

2.4 NEURAL INTERFACES

2.4.1 Research-grade Brain-Computer Interfaces

2.4.2 Consumer-grade Brain-Computer Interfaces

2.5 CONCLUSIONS

2.6 REVIEW QUESTIONS

REFERENCES

3. Output Devices: Graphics Displays

3.1 THE HUMAN VISION SYSTEM

3.2 GRAPHICS DISPLAY CHARACTERISRICS

3.3 DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES

3.3.1 Displays using LCD technology

3.3.2 Displays using OLED technology

3.4 PERSONAL GRAPHICS DISPLAYS

3.4.1 Smart phones as VR displays

Smart phones as input devices

Smart phone use in HMDs

3.4.2 Head-Mounted Displays

Fixed-resolution HMD optics

Foveated HMD optics

Foveated HMDs which reduce native resolution

Foveated HMDs which increase native resolution

Head-Mounted Displays weight and weight distribution

The FOVE 0 HMD

The Oculus Quest 2 HMD

The HTC VIVE Focus 3

The Pimax Vision 8K X HMD

3.4.3 Desk Supported Personal Displays

Autostereoscopic monitors

3D Monitors

3.5 LARGE VOLUME DISPLAYS

3.5.1 Liquid Crystal Tiled Large-Volume Displays

Tiled wall displays

Tiled CAVE displays

3.5.2 Projector-based Large-Volume Displays

Dome-type large volume displays

Tiled Display Scene Continuity

Geometrical continuity

Visual continuity

Temporal continuity

3.6 MICRO-LED WALLS AND HOLOGRAPHIC DISPLAYS

3.6.1 Micro-LED Walls

3.6.2 Holographic displays

3.7 CONCLUSIONS

3.8 REVIEW QUESTIONS<

Rezensionen

"...provides an excellent overview of the field...a fine textbook.... I would recommend highly." (Real Time Graphics, August 2003)

"...this second edition was well overdue, but it has to be said that it has been worth the wait...a must-have book." (Assembly Automation, Vol 24(1), 2004)