Syndiotactic Polystyrene
Synthesis, Characterization, Processing, and Applications
Herausgegeben von Schellenberg, Jürgen
Syndiotactic Polystyrene
Synthesis, Characterization, Processing, and Applications
Herausgegeben von Schellenberg, Jürgen
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A recently synthesized compound, syndiotactic polystyrene (SPS) is useful in areas like medical equipment, where its tough crystalline structure makes it able to resist the moisture, heat, and cleaners used to sterilize the equipment. Taking an unmatched look at this new material, Syndiotactic Polystyrene covers all aspects of this plastic from preparation to function and properties to commercial applications. The coverage enables readers to compare, select, and integrate an appropriate materials solution. Applications in automotives, electronics, and appliances are all discussed, along with…mehr
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Syndiotactic Polystyrene (SPS), synthesized in a laboratory for the first time in 1985, has become commercialized in a very short time, with wide acceptance on the global plastics market. Written by leading experts from academia and industry from all over the world, Syndiotactic Polystyrene offers a comprehensive review of all aspects of SPS of interest to both science and industry, from preparation and properties to applications.
This essential reference to SPS covers:
The preparation of syndiotactic polystyrene by half-metallocenes and other transition metal catalysts
The structure and fundamental properties, especially morphology and crystallization and solution behavior
The commercial process for SPS manufacturing
Properties, processing, and applications of syndiotactic polystyrenes
Polymers based on syndiotactic polystyrenes, for example, by functionalization and modification, and nanocomposites
Ideal for polymer chemists, physicists, plastics engineers, materials scientists, and all those dealing with plastics manufacturing and processing, this important resource provides the information one needs to compare, select, and integrate an appropriate materials solution for industrial use or research.
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons
- 1. Auflage
- Seitenzahl: 480
- Erscheinungstermin: 1. November 2009
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 241mm x 160mm x 28mm
- Gewicht: 773g
- ISBN-13: 9780470286883
- ISBN-10: 0470286881
- Artikelnr.: 27134819
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons
- 1. Auflage
- Seitenzahl: 480
- Erscheinungstermin: 1. November 2009
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 241mm x 160mm x 28mm
- Gewicht: 773g
- ISBN-13: 9780470286883
- ISBN-10: 0470286881
- Artikelnr.: 27134819
Overview and Commercialization of Syndiotactic Polystyrene (Michael
Malanga, Osamu Isogai, Takeshi Yamada, Shigeo Iwasaki, and Masahiko
Kuramoto). 1.1 Discovery of Syndiotactic Polystyrene (SPS). 1.2 Early Years
of Development (1985-1989). 1.3 Intense Development Years (1989-1996). 1.4
Initial Commercial Launch Stage (1996-2001). 1.5 Years 2001-2007. PART II
PREPARATION OF SYNDIOTACTIC POLYSTYRENE. 2. Transition Metal Catalysts for
Syndiotactic Polystyrene (Norio Tomotsu, Thomas H. Newman, Mizutomo
Takeuchi, Richard Campbell Jr., and Jürgen Schellenberg). 2.1 Introduction.
2.2 Transition Metal Compounds. 2.3 Summary. References. 3. Cocatalysts for
the Syndiospecific Styrene Polymerization (Norio Tomotsu, Hiroshi Maezawa,
and Thomas H. Newman). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 MAO. 3.3 Boron Compounds. 3.4
Other Chemicals. 3.5 Summary. References. 4. Mechanisms for Stereochemical
Control in the Syndiotactic Polymerization of Styrene (Norio Tomotsu,
Thomas H. Newman, and Richard Campbell Jr.). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2
Insertion of the Growing Polymer Chain into the Double Bond of Styrene. 4.3
Stereochemistry of the Styrene Insertion. 4.4 Effects of Hydrogenation of
the Catalyst. 4.5 Active Site Species. 4.6 Theoretical Analysis of the
Catalyst. 4.7 Kinetic Analysis of Styrene Polymerization. 4.8 Conclusions.
References. 5. Copolymerization of Ethylene with Styrene: Design of
Efficient Transition Metal Complex Catalysts (Kotohiro Nomura). 5.1
Introduction. 5.2 Ethylene/Styrene Copolymers: Microstructures, Thermal
Properties, and Composition Analyses. 5.3 Ethylene/Styrene Copolymerization
Using Transition Metal Complex-Cocatalyst Systems. 5.4 Summary and Outlook.
References. 6. Structure and Properties of Tetrabenzo[a,c,g,i]fl
uorenyl-Based Titanium Catalysts (Rüdiger Beckhaus, Kai Schröder, and
Jürgen Schellenberg). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 The Tbf Ligand. 6.3 Tbf
Lithium. 6.4 Tbf Titanium(III) Derivatives. 6.5 Tbf Titanium(IV)
Derivatives. 6.6 Dynamic and Polymerization Behavior of Tetrabenzofluorenyl
Titanium Complexes. 6.7 Conclusions. References. 7. Rare-Earth Metal
Complexes as Catalysts for Syndiospecific Styrene Polymerization (Klaus
Beckerle and Jun Okuda). 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Metallocene Catalysts. 7.3
Constrained Geometry Catalysts. 7.4 Half-Sandwich Catalysts. 7.5
Nonmetallocene Catalysts. 7.6 Conclusion. References. 8. Syndiospecific
Styrene Polymerization with Heterogenized Transition Metal Catalysts (Kyu
Yong Choi). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Kinetics of Syndiospecific Polymerization
with Heterogeneous Metallocene Catalysts. 8.3 Nascent Morphology of
Syndiotactic Polystyrene. 8.4 Concluding Remarks. References. PART III
STRUCTURE AND FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF SYNDIOTACTIC POLYSTYRENE. 9.
Structure, Morphology, and Crystallization Behavior of Syndiotactic
Polystyrene (Andrea Sorrentino and Vittoria Vittoria). 9.1 Introduction.
9.2 Polymorphic Behavior of SPS. 9.3 Morphology of the Zigzag Forms. 9.4
Morphology of the Mesomorphic Phases. 9.5 Thermodynamic and Kinetics of
Crystallization. 9.6 Melting Behavior. 9.7 Structure and Properties of the
Crystallized Samples. References. 10. Preparation, Structure, Properties,
and Applications of Co-Crystals and Nanoporous Crystalline Phases of
Syndiotactic Polystyrene (Gaetano Guerra, Alexandra Romina Albunia, and
Concetta D'Aniello). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Co-Crystals. 10.3 Nanoporous
Crystalline Phases. 10.4 Conclusions and Perspectives. 10.5
Acknowledgments. References. 11. Crystallization Thermodynamics and
Kinetics of Syndiotactic Polystyrene (Tomoaki Takebe and Komei Yamasaki).
11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Theoretical Background. 11.3 Equilibrium Melting
Point of SPS. 11.4 Analyses of Spherulitic Growth Rate G . 11.5 Comparison
Between SPS and IPS. References. PART IV COMMERCIAL PROCESSES FOR
MANUFACTURING OF SYNDIOTACTIC POLYSTYRENE. 12. Processes for the Production
of Syndiotactic Polystyrene (Masao Aida, David Habermann, Hans-Joachim
Leder, and Jürgen Schellenberg). 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Monomer
Purification Section. 12.3 Catalyst Section. 12.4 Polymerization Section.
12.5 Styrene Stripping Section. 12.6 Deactivating Section. 12.7 Pelletizing
Section. 12.8 Blending Section. 12.9 Shipping Section. References. PART V
PROPERTIES, PROCESSING, AND APPLICATIONS OF SYNDIOTACTIC POLYSTYRENE. 13.
Properties of Syndiotactic Polystyrene (Tomoaki Takebe, Komei Yamasaki,
Keisuke Funaki, and Michael Malanga). 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Rheological
Properties of SPS. 13.3 Basic Physical Mechanical Properties of SPS. 13.4
Orientation of SPS and Properties of Oriented SPS. 13.5 Other Important
Properties of SPS. References. 14. Melt Processing of Syndiotactic
Polystyrene (David Bank, Kevin Nichols, Harold Fowler, Jason Reese, and
Gerry Billovits). 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Compounding. 14.3 Injection
Molding. 14.4 Sheet and Film Extrusion. 14.5 Film Processing and
Fabrication. 14.6 Fiber Spinning. References. 15. Applications of
Syndiotactic Polystyrene (Tom Fiola, Akihiko Okada, Masami Mihara, and
Kevin Nichols). 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 The Performance Capabilities of
SPS. 15.3 Connectors for Automotive and Electronic Applications. 15.4
Electronic Components: Plated and Non-Plated. 15.5 Industrial and Appliance
Components. References. 16. Blends of Syndiotactic Polystyrene with
Polyamide (Kevin Nichols, Akihiko Okada, and Hiroki Fukui). 16.1
Introduction. 16.2 Composition of SPS/Nylon Blends. 16.3 Properties of
SPS/Nylon Blends. 16.4 Applications of SPS/Nylon Blends. References. 17.
Blends of Syndiotactic Polystyrene with Polystyrenes (Tomoaki Takebe, Komei
Yamasaki, Akihiko Okada, and Takuma Aoyama). 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 SANS
Measurements. 17.3 Theoretical Background. 17.4 Tacticity Effect on
Miscibility. 17.5 Properties of Blends of SPS and APS. References. 18.
Compatibilizers for Impact-Modifi ed Syndiotactic Polystyrene (Tomoaki
Takebe, Akihiko Okada, and Nobuyuki Sato). 18.1 Introduction. 18.2
Morphological Analyses of HISPS. 18.3 Morphology of SPS/PPO Binary Blends.
18.4 Compatibilizer Effects. References. PART VI POLYMERS BASED ON
SYNDIOTACTIC POLYSTYRENES. 19. Functionalization and Block/Graft Reactions
of Syndiotactic Polystyrene Using Borane Comonomers and Chain Transfer
Agents (T. C. Mike Chung). 19.1 Introduction. 19.2 Functionalization of SPS
via Borane Comonomers. 19.3 Functionalization of SPS via Borane Chain
Transfer Agents. 19.4 Summary. 19.5 Acknowledgment. References. 20.
Nanocomposites Based on Syndiotactic Polystyrene (O Ok Park and Mun Ho
Kim). 20.1 Introduction. 20.2 Polymer Nanocomposites and Microstructure.
20.3 Fabrication of Polymer Nanocomposites. 20.4 Characterization of
Polymer Nanocomposites. 20.5 Preparation of SPS Nanocomposites. 20.6
Properties of SPS Nanocomposites. 20.7 Final Remarks. References. INDEX.
Overview and Commercialization of Syndiotactic Polystyrene (Michael
Malanga, Osamu Isogai, Takeshi Yamada, Shigeo Iwasaki, and Masahiko
Kuramoto). 1.1 Discovery of Syndiotactic Polystyrene (SPS). 1.2 Early Years
of Development (1985-1989). 1.3 Intense Development Years (1989-1996). 1.4
Initial Commercial Launch Stage (1996-2001). 1.5 Years 2001-2007. PART II
PREPARATION OF SYNDIOTACTIC POLYSTYRENE. 2. Transition Metal Catalysts for
Syndiotactic Polystyrene (Norio Tomotsu, Thomas H. Newman, Mizutomo
Takeuchi, Richard Campbell Jr., and Jürgen Schellenberg). 2.1 Introduction.
2.2 Transition Metal Compounds. 2.3 Summary. References. 3. Cocatalysts for
the Syndiospecific Styrene Polymerization (Norio Tomotsu, Hiroshi Maezawa,
and Thomas H. Newman). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 MAO. 3.3 Boron Compounds. 3.4
Other Chemicals. 3.5 Summary. References. 4. Mechanisms for Stereochemical
Control in the Syndiotactic Polymerization of Styrene (Norio Tomotsu,
Thomas H. Newman, and Richard Campbell Jr.). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2
Insertion of the Growing Polymer Chain into the Double Bond of Styrene. 4.3
Stereochemistry of the Styrene Insertion. 4.4 Effects of Hydrogenation of
the Catalyst. 4.5 Active Site Species. 4.6 Theoretical Analysis of the
Catalyst. 4.7 Kinetic Analysis of Styrene Polymerization. 4.8 Conclusions.
References. 5. Copolymerization of Ethylene with Styrene: Design of
Efficient Transition Metal Complex Catalysts (Kotohiro Nomura). 5.1
Introduction. 5.2 Ethylene/Styrene Copolymers: Microstructures, Thermal
Properties, and Composition Analyses. 5.3 Ethylene/Styrene Copolymerization
Using Transition Metal Complex-Cocatalyst Systems. 5.4 Summary and Outlook.
References. 6. Structure and Properties of Tetrabenzo[a,c,g,i]fl
uorenyl-Based Titanium Catalysts (Rüdiger Beckhaus, Kai Schröder, and
Jürgen Schellenberg). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 The Tbf Ligand. 6.3 Tbf
Lithium. 6.4 Tbf Titanium(III) Derivatives. 6.5 Tbf Titanium(IV)
Derivatives. 6.6 Dynamic and Polymerization Behavior of Tetrabenzofluorenyl
Titanium Complexes. 6.7 Conclusions. References. 7. Rare-Earth Metal
Complexes as Catalysts for Syndiospecific Styrene Polymerization (Klaus
Beckerle and Jun Okuda). 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Metallocene Catalysts. 7.3
Constrained Geometry Catalysts. 7.4 Half-Sandwich Catalysts. 7.5
Nonmetallocene Catalysts. 7.6 Conclusion. References. 8. Syndiospecific
Styrene Polymerization with Heterogenized Transition Metal Catalysts (Kyu
Yong Choi). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Kinetics of Syndiospecific Polymerization
with Heterogeneous Metallocene Catalysts. 8.3 Nascent Morphology of
Syndiotactic Polystyrene. 8.4 Concluding Remarks. References. PART III
STRUCTURE AND FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF SYNDIOTACTIC POLYSTYRENE. 9.
Structure, Morphology, and Crystallization Behavior of Syndiotactic
Polystyrene (Andrea Sorrentino and Vittoria Vittoria). 9.1 Introduction.
9.2 Polymorphic Behavior of SPS. 9.3 Morphology of the Zigzag Forms. 9.4
Morphology of the Mesomorphic Phases. 9.5 Thermodynamic and Kinetics of
Crystallization. 9.6 Melting Behavior. 9.7 Structure and Properties of the
Crystallized Samples. References. 10. Preparation, Structure, Properties,
and Applications of Co-Crystals and Nanoporous Crystalline Phases of
Syndiotactic Polystyrene (Gaetano Guerra, Alexandra Romina Albunia, and
Concetta D'Aniello). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Co-Crystals. 10.3 Nanoporous
Crystalline Phases. 10.4 Conclusions and Perspectives. 10.5
Acknowledgments. References. 11. Crystallization Thermodynamics and
Kinetics of Syndiotactic Polystyrene (Tomoaki Takebe and Komei Yamasaki).
11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Theoretical Background. 11.3 Equilibrium Melting
Point of SPS. 11.4 Analyses of Spherulitic Growth Rate G . 11.5 Comparison
Between SPS and IPS. References. PART IV COMMERCIAL PROCESSES FOR
MANUFACTURING OF SYNDIOTACTIC POLYSTYRENE. 12. Processes for the Production
of Syndiotactic Polystyrene (Masao Aida, David Habermann, Hans-Joachim
Leder, and Jürgen Schellenberg). 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Monomer
Purification Section. 12.3 Catalyst Section. 12.4 Polymerization Section.
12.5 Styrene Stripping Section. 12.6 Deactivating Section. 12.7 Pelletizing
Section. 12.8 Blending Section. 12.9 Shipping Section. References. PART V
PROPERTIES, PROCESSING, AND APPLICATIONS OF SYNDIOTACTIC POLYSTYRENE. 13.
Properties of Syndiotactic Polystyrene (Tomoaki Takebe, Komei Yamasaki,
Keisuke Funaki, and Michael Malanga). 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Rheological
Properties of SPS. 13.3 Basic Physical Mechanical Properties of SPS. 13.4
Orientation of SPS and Properties of Oriented SPS. 13.5 Other Important
Properties of SPS. References. 14. Melt Processing of Syndiotactic
Polystyrene (David Bank, Kevin Nichols, Harold Fowler, Jason Reese, and
Gerry Billovits). 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Compounding. 14.3 Injection
Molding. 14.4 Sheet and Film Extrusion. 14.5 Film Processing and
Fabrication. 14.6 Fiber Spinning. References. 15. Applications of
Syndiotactic Polystyrene (Tom Fiola, Akihiko Okada, Masami Mihara, and
Kevin Nichols). 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 The Performance Capabilities of
SPS. 15.3 Connectors for Automotive and Electronic Applications. 15.4
Electronic Components: Plated and Non-Plated. 15.5 Industrial and Appliance
Components. References. 16. Blends of Syndiotactic Polystyrene with
Polyamide (Kevin Nichols, Akihiko Okada, and Hiroki Fukui). 16.1
Introduction. 16.2 Composition of SPS/Nylon Blends. 16.3 Properties of
SPS/Nylon Blends. 16.4 Applications of SPS/Nylon Blends. References. 17.
Blends of Syndiotactic Polystyrene with Polystyrenes (Tomoaki Takebe, Komei
Yamasaki, Akihiko Okada, and Takuma Aoyama). 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 SANS
Measurements. 17.3 Theoretical Background. 17.4 Tacticity Effect on
Miscibility. 17.5 Properties of Blends of SPS and APS. References. 18.
Compatibilizers for Impact-Modifi ed Syndiotactic Polystyrene (Tomoaki
Takebe, Akihiko Okada, and Nobuyuki Sato). 18.1 Introduction. 18.2
Morphological Analyses of HISPS. 18.3 Morphology of SPS/PPO Binary Blends.
18.4 Compatibilizer Effects. References. PART VI POLYMERS BASED ON
SYNDIOTACTIC POLYSTYRENES. 19. Functionalization and Block/Graft Reactions
of Syndiotactic Polystyrene Using Borane Comonomers and Chain Transfer
Agents (T. C. Mike Chung). 19.1 Introduction. 19.2 Functionalization of SPS
via Borane Comonomers. 19.3 Functionalization of SPS via Borane Chain
Transfer Agents. 19.4 Summary. 19.5 Acknowledgment. References. 20.
Nanocomposites Based on Syndiotactic Polystyrene (O Ok Park and Mun Ho
Kim). 20.1 Introduction. 20.2 Polymer Nanocomposites and Microstructure.
20.3 Fabrication of Polymer Nanocomposites. 20.4 Characterization of
Polymer Nanocomposites. 20.5 Preparation of SPS Nanocomposites. 20.6
Properties of SPS Nanocomposites. 20.7 Final Remarks. References. INDEX.