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Now in an completely revised, updated, and enlarged Second Edition, Small Antennas in Portable Devices reviews recent significant theoretical and practical developments in the electrically small antenna area. Examining antenna designs that work as well as those that have limitations, this new edition provides practicing engineers and upper level and graduate students with new information on: work on improving bandwidth using spherical helix dipoles; work on electromagnetically coupled structures; exact derivation of the Q for electrically small antennas for both the TE and TM modes; and a new simplified Q formula.…mehr
Now in an completely revised, updated, and enlarged Second Edition, Small Antennas in Portable Devices reviews recent significant theoretical and practical developments in the electrically small antenna area. Examining antenna designs that work as well as those that have limitations, this new edition provides practicing engineers and upper level and graduate students with new information on: work on improving bandwidth using spherical helix dipoles; work on electromagnetically coupled structures; exact derivation of the Q for electrically small antennas for both the TE and TM modes; and a new simplified Q formula.
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Robert C. Hansen, PhD, DEng, has had a long and distinguished career in the aerospace industry. Beginning in 1949, he held key posts in a number of leading aerospace companies, including The Aerospace Corp., STL, Inc. (now TRW), and Hughes Aircraft Co. He is a Fellow of IEEE and IEE and is a member of the National Academy of Engineering. Since 1971, Dr. Hansen has been a consulting engineer for antennas and systems-related problems. The Late Robert Collin, PhD, taught at Case Reserve Western University, where he was chairman of the Department of Electrical Engineering and Applied Physics. He was an invited professor at Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro; Telebras Research Center, Brazil; and Beijing University, China. Dr. Collin was the author or coauthor of five books and more than 150 technical papers.
Inhaltsangabe
PREFACE xiii 1. QUALITY FACTORS OF ESA 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Chu Antenna Q 4 1.3 Collin and Rothschild Q Analysis 8 1.4 Thal Antenna Q 14 1.5 Radian Sphere with Mu and or Epsilon: TE Modes 16 1.6 Radian Sphere with Mu and or Epsilon: TM Modes 22 1.7 Effects of Core Losses 28 1.8 Q for Spheroidal Enclosures 34 References 36 2. BANDWIDTH AND MATCHING 39 2.1 Introduction 39 2.2 Foster's Reactance Theorem and Smith Chart 39 2.3 Fano's Matching Limitations 41 2.4 Matching Circuit Loss Magnification 46 2.5 Network and Z0 Matching 48 2.6 Non-Foster Matching Circuits 50 2.7 Matched and High-Z Preamp Monopoles 51 2.7.1 A Short Monopole Matched at One Frequency 52 2.7.2 Short Monopole with High-Impedance Amplifier 54 References 55 3. ELECTRICALLY SMALL ANTENNAS: CANONICAL TYPES 59 3.1 Introduction 59 3.2 Dipole Basic Characteristics 59 3.2.1 Dipole Impedance and Bandwidth 59 3.2.2 Resistive and Reactive Loading 67 3.2.3 Other Loading Configurations 76 3.2.4 Short Flat Resonant Dipoles 78 3.2.5 Spherical Helix Antennas 82 3.2.6 Multiple Resonance Antennas 84 3.2.6.1 Spherical Dipole; Arc Antennas 84 3.2.6.2 Multiple Mode Antennas 86 3.2.6.3 Q Comparisons 87 3.2.7 Evaluation of Moment Method Codes for Electrically Small Antennas 88 3.3 Partial Sleeve, PIFA, and Patch 93 3.3.1 Partial Sleeve 93 3.3.2 PIFA Designs 94 3.3.3 Patch with Permeable Substrate 98 3.4 Loops 101 3.4.1 Air Core Loops, Single and Multiple Turns 101 3.4.2 Permeable Core Loops 107 3.4.3 Receiving Loops 114 3.4.4 Vector Sensor 116 3.5 Dielectric Resonator Antennas 120 References 127 4. CLEVER PHYSICS, BUT BAD NUMBERS 135 4.1 Contrawound Toroidal Helix Antenna 135 4.2 Transmission Line Antennas 138 4.3 Halo, Hula Hoop, and DDRR Antennas 138 4.4 Dielectric-Loaded Antennas 140 4.5 Meanderline Antennas 141 4.6 Cage Monopole 142 References 143 5. PATHOLOGICAL ANTENNAS 147 5.1 Crossed-Field Antenna 147 5.2 Infinite Efficiency Antenna 149 5.3 E-H Antenna 150 5.4 TE-TM Antenna 150 5.5 Crossed Dipoles 151 5.6 Snyder Dipole 152 5.7 Loop-Coupled Loop 155 5.8 Multiarm Dipole 158 5.9 Complementary Pair Antenna 158 5.10 Integrated Antenna 159 5.11 Q 1 4 0 Antenna 160 5.12 Antenna in a NIM Shell 161 5.13 Fractal Antennas 162 5.14 Antenna on a Chip 170 5.15 Random Segment Antennas 171 5.16 Multiple Multipoles 171 5.17 Switched Loop Antennas 173 5.18 Electrically Small Focal Spots 174 5.19 ESA Summary 174 References 175 6. SUPERDIRECTIVE ANTENNAS 181 6.1 History and Motivation 181 6.2 Maximum Directivity 182 6.2.1 Apertures 182 6.2.2 Arrays 183 6.2.2.1 Broadside Arrays of Fixed Spacing 183 6.2.2.2 Endfire Arrays 186 6.2.2.3 Minimization Codes 192 6.2.2.4 Resonant Endfire Arrays 192 6.3 Constrained Superdirectivity 194 6.3.1 Dolph-Chebyshev Superdirectivity 194 6.3.2 Superdirective Ratio Constraint 198 6.3.3 Bandwidth or Q Constraint 200 6.3.4 Phase or Position Adjustment 200 6.3.5 Tolerance Constraint 201 6.4 Bandwidth, Efficiency, and Tolerances 201 6.4.1 Bandwidth 201 6.4.2 Efficiency 205 6.4.3 Tolerances 208 6.5 Miscellaneous Superdirectivity 209 6.6 Superdirective Antenna Summary 210 References 210 7. SUPERCONDUCTING ANTENNAS 215 7.1 Introduction 215 7.2 Superconductivity Concepts for Antenna Engineers 215 7.3 Dipole, Loop, and Patch Antennas 221 7.3.1 Loop and Dipole Antennas 222 7.3.2 Microstrip Antennas 223 7.3.3 Array Antennas 225 7.3.4 Millimeter-Wave Antennas 229 7.3.4.1 Waveguide Flat Plane Array 229 7.3.4.2 Microstrip Planar Array 230 7.3.5 Submillimeter Antennas 232 7.3.6 Low-Temperature Superconducting Antennas 232 7.4 Phasers and Delay Lines 233 7.5 Superconducting Antenna Summary 236 References 236 APPENDIX A A WORLD HISTORY OF ELECTRICALLY SMALL ANTENNAS 243 APPENDIX B DEFINITIONS OF TERMS USEFUL TO ESA 277 APPENDIX C SPHERICAL SHELL OF ENG METAMATERIAL SURROUNDING A DIPOLE ANTENNA 279 APPENDIX D FREQUENCY DISPERSION LIMITS RESOLUTION IN VESELAGO LENS 307 AUTHOR INDEX 335 SUBJECT INDEX 343
