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Covers powerful new tools for drug development Molecular pathology offers tools and techniques that can greatly enhance the drug discovery and development process, helping to make the promises of personalized medicine a reality. Molecular Pathology in Drug Discovery and Development provides an unmatched guide to this cutting-edge discipline and its applications to pharmaceutical science. With contributions from leading lights in drug discovery, drug development, and molecular pathology balanced by a consistent editorial approach, this reference offers both an overview of molecular pathology…mehr
Covers powerful new tools for drug development Molecular pathology offers tools and techniques that can greatly enhance the drug discovery and development process, helping to make the promises of personalized medicine a reality. Molecular Pathology in Drug Discovery and Development provides an unmatched guide to this cutting-edge discipline and its applications to pharmaceutical science. With contributions from leading lights in drug discovery, drug development, and molecular pathology balanced by a consistent editorial approach, this reference offers both an overview of molecular pathology and a close look at the methods as they are applied to the process of drug discovery and development. Presented as steps in the drug development process, the coverage includes the use of molecular pathology to: * Identify and validate new drug candidates * Enhance transcriptional profiling to better find and validate biomarkers * Assess toxicology * Employ toxicogenomics to identify genes relevant to the safety of compounds * Identify correct doses for different drugs * Identify patients for treatment * Develop molecular therapies * Further the new techniques of Immunohistochemistry and Immunofluorescence With many tests and treatments already working today, drug research and development using molecular pathology has shown itself an extremely fruitful area. Molecular Pathology in Drug Discovery and Development gives practitioners an up-to-date resource on this highly active discipline and its role in furthering pharmaceutical research.
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J. Suso Platero is Director of Oncology Biomarkers at Centocor. Formerly, he was associate director of molecular pathology at Bristol-Myers Squibb. Dr. Platero has more than ten years of experience in the discovery, development, and validation of assays for clinical purposes.
Inhaltsangabe
Preface. Contributors. 1 MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT (Franz Fogt and J. Suso Platero). 1.1. General Pathology. 1.2. General Aspects. 1.3. Molecular Pathology, the Molecular Way. 1.4. Application of Molecular Pathology. 1.5. Molecular Pathology in Drug Development. 1.6. Pharmaceutical Drug Development. References. 2 MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY IN ONCOLOGY TARGET AND DRUG DISCOVERY (Rolf-P. Ryseck, Ricardo Attar, Matthew V. Lorenzi, and Brent A. Rupnow). 2.1. Introduction. 2.2. History of Chemotherapy and Cancer Drug Discovery. 2.3. Target-Based Drug Discovery. 2.4. Utilization of Molecular Pathology in the Discovery of Novel Cancer Targets. 2.5. Hit Identifi cation and In Vitro Lead Optimization. 2.6. Implications for Molecular Pathology in Cancer Drug Development and Use. 2.7. Summary and Future Considerations. References. 3 MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILING IN EARLY DRUG DEVELOPMENT (Cornelia Liedtke, Lajos Pusztai, and W. Fraser Symmans). 3.1. Introduction. 3.2. Biomarkers in Clinical Setting and in Early Drug Development. 3.3. Advantages of Biomarker Implementation. 3.4. Changing Paradigm in Clinical Drug and Biomarker Development. 3.5. Promises of Transcriptional Profiling. 3.6. Biomarker Development and Validation Using Microarray Analysis. 3.7. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy as an Intriguing Model for Biomarker Development. 3.8. Transcriptional Profi ling for Identifi cation of Individual Genes as Biomarkers. 3.9. Transcriptional Profi ling for the Definition of Multigene Predictors Using .Transcriptional Profiling. 3.10. Novel Tools for Pathway Analysis. 3.11. Implementation of Biomarkers into the Clinical Setting. 3.12. Conclusion. References. 4 MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY IN NONCLINICAL SAFETY ASSESSMENT (Richard A. Westhouse). 4.1. Introduction. 4.2. Drug Development. 4.3. Drug Discovery. 4.4. Biopharmaceuticals. 4.5. Summary. References. 5 TOXICOGENOMICS IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT (Wayne R. Buck and Eric A. G. Blomme). 5.1. Introduction. 5.2. Brief Overview of Large-Scale Gene Expression Technologies. 5.3. Analysis of Microarray Data. 5.4. Application of Toxicogenomics in Drug Development. 5.5. Considerations for Toxicogenomic Study Design. 5.6. Overview of Major Regulatory Developments Related to Use of Toxicogenomics in Drug Discovery and Development. 5.7. Summary. References. 6 MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY AS A WAY TO FIND THE RIGHT DOSE FOR A DRUG (F. Rojo, A. Rovira, S. Serrano, and J. Albanell). 6.1. Introduction. 6.2. Anti-EGFR-Targeted Therapies: The Pharmacodynamic Experience. 6.3. Molecular Pathology with Small Molecules Gefitinib and Erlotinib. 6.4. Molecular Pathology with Cetuximab and Other Monoclonal Antibodies to EGFR. 6.5. Proteasome Inhibitors: Pharmacodynamics on Blood Samples. 6.6. Pharmacodynamics with Rapamycin Analogs. 6.7. Second Generation of Targeted Therapies: Multitarget Agents. 6.8. Conclusions and Perspectives: Phase 0 Clinical Trials. References. 7 MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY IN LIFE-CYCLE MANAGEMENT IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT (Martha Quezado, Carlos A. Torres-Cabal, and David Berman). 7.1. Introduction. 7.2. Molecular Pathology Techniques. 7.3. Practical Applications of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers. 7.4. Conclusion. References. 8 MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY AND MOLECULAR THERAPY (Hewei Li). 8.1. Introduction. 8.2. Molecular Therapy Strategies. 8.3. Molecular Therapy Clinical Trials. References. 9 MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY: IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY ASSAYS IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT PERFORMED BY A CONTRACT RESEARCH LABORATORY (Frank Lynch and Steve Bernstein). 9.1. Immunohistochemistry Is the Technique of Microscopic Visualization of Target Proteins in Tissue Sections Using Specific Antibodies. 9.2. Basics of the IHC Assay. 9.3. Immunohistochemistry Assay Development. 9.4. Sending a Study to a Contract Laboratory vs. Running In-house. 9.5. Choosing and Working with an Outside Laboratory-- Keys for a Succe.ssful Relationship--What to Do before a Slide Is Stained. 9.6. Running and Managing Outsourced Clinical Studies 9.7. Applications of IHC in Drug Discovery and Development Process. 9.8. Conclusion. References. 10 QUANTIFICATION OF MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY: COLORIMETRIC IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY (Raphael Marcelpoil). 10.1. Introduction. 10.2. Imaging Devices and Systems. 10.3. Quantifi cation: Introduction to Colorimetric Image Analysis. 10.4. Measuring Colorimetric Information. 10.5. Chromogen Separation. 10.6. Measuring Information. 10.7. Conclusion. References. 11 AQUA(r) TECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY (Mark Gustavson, Marisa Dolled-Filhart, Jason Christiansen, Robert Pinard, and David Rimm). 11.1. Introduction. 11.2. AQUA Technology--How It Works. 11.3. Standardization. 11.4. Quantification. 11.5. Localization. 11.6. Multiparametric Analysis. 11.7. Application of AQUA Technology to Drug Discovery and Companion Diagnostics. 11.8. Summary and Conclusions. References. Index.
Preface. Contributors. 1 MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT (Franz Fogt and J. Suso Platero). 1.1. General Pathology. 1.2. General Aspects. 1.3. Molecular Pathology, the Molecular Way. 1.4. Application of Molecular Pathology. 1.5. Molecular Pathology in Drug Development. 1.6. Pharmaceutical Drug Development. References. 2 MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY IN ONCOLOGY TARGET AND DRUG DISCOVERY (Rolf-P. Ryseck, Ricardo Attar, Matthew V. Lorenzi, and Brent A. Rupnow). 2.1. Introduction. 2.2. History of Chemotherapy and Cancer Drug Discovery. 2.3. Target-Based Drug Discovery. 2.4. Utilization of Molecular Pathology in the Discovery of Novel Cancer Targets. 2.5. Hit Identifi cation and In Vitro Lead Optimization. 2.6. Implications for Molecular Pathology in Cancer Drug Development and Use. 2.7. Summary and Future Considerations. References. 3 MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILING IN EARLY DRUG DEVELOPMENT (Cornelia Liedtke, Lajos Pusztai, and W. Fraser Symmans). 3.1. Introduction. 3.2. Biomarkers in Clinical Setting and in Early Drug Development. 3.3. Advantages of Biomarker Implementation. 3.4. Changing Paradigm in Clinical Drug and Biomarker Development. 3.5. Promises of Transcriptional Profiling. 3.6. Biomarker Development and Validation Using Microarray Analysis. 3.7. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy as an Intriguing Model for Biomarker Development. 3.8. Transcriptional Profi ling for Identifi cation of Individual Genes as Biomarkers. 3.9. Transcriptional Profi ling for the Definition of Multigene Predictors Using .Transcriptional Profiling. 3.10. Novel Tools for Pathway Analysis. 3.11. Implementation of Biomarkers into the Clinical Setting. 3.12. Conclusion. References. 4 MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY IN NONCLINICAL SAFETY ASSESSMENT (Richard A. Westhouse). 4.1. Introduction. 4.2. Drug Development. 4.3. Drug Discovery. 4.4. Biopharmaceuticals. 4.5. Summary. References. 5 TOXICOGENOMICS IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT (Wayne R. Buck and Eric A. G. Blomme). 5.1. Introduction. 5.2. Brief Overview of Large-Scale Gene Expression Technologies. 5.3. Analysis of Microarray Data. 5.4. Application of Toxicogenomics in Drug Development. 5.5. Considerations for Toxicogenomic Study Design. 5.6. Overview of Major Regulatory Developments Related to Use of Toxicogenomics in Drug Discovery and Development. 5.7. Summary. References. 6 MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY AS A WAY TO FIND THE RIGHT DOSE FOR A DRUG (F. Rojo, A. Rovira, S. Serrano, and J. Albanell). 6.1. Introduction. 6.2. Anti-EGFR-Targeted Therapies: The Pharmacodynamic Experience. 6.3. Molecular Pathology with Small Molecules Gefitinib and Erlotinib. 6.4. Molecular Pathology with Cetuximab and Other Monoclonal Antibodies to EGFR. 6.5. Proteasome Inhibitors: Pharmacodynamics on Blood Samples. 6.6. Pharmacodynamics with Rapamycin Analogs. 6.7. Second Generation of Targeted Therapies: Multitarget Agents. 6.8. Conclusions and Perspectives: Phase 0 Clinical Trials. References. 7 MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY IN LIFE-CYCLE MANAGEMENT IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT (Martha Quezado, Carlos A. Torres-Cabal, and David Berman). 7.1. Introduction. 7.2. Molecular Pathology Techniques. 7.3. Practical Applications of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers. 7.4. Conclusion. References. 8 MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY AND MOLECULAR THERAPY (Hewei Li). 8.1. Introduction. 8.2. Molecular Therapy Strategies. 8.3. Molecular Therapy Clinical Trials. References. 9 MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY: IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY ASSAYS IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT PERFORMED BY A CONTRACT RESEARCH LABORATORY (Frank Lynch and Steve Bernstein). 9.1. Immunohistochemistry Is the Technique of Microscopic Visualization of Target Proteins in Tissue Sections Using Specific Antibodies. 9.2. Basics of the IHC Assay. 9.3. Immunohistochemistry Assay Development. 9.4. Sending a Study to a Contract Laboratory vs. Running In-house. 9.5. Choosing and Working with an Outside Laboratory-- Keys for a Succe.ssful Relationship--What to Do before a Slide Is Stained. 9.6. Running and Managing Outsourced Clinical Studies 9.7. Applications of IHC in Drug Discovery and Development Process. 9.8. Conclusion. References. 10 QUANTIFICATION OF MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY: COLORIMETRIC IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY (Raphael Marcelpoil). 10.1. Introduction. 10.2. Imaging Devices and Systems. 10.3. Quantifi cation: Introduction to Colorimetric Image Analysis. 10.4. Measuring Colorimetric Information. 10.5. Chromogen Separation. 10.6. Measuring Information. 10.7. Conclusion. References. 11 AQUA(r) TECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY (Mark Gustavson, Marisa Dolled-Filhart, Jason Christiansen, Robert Pinard, and David Rimm). 11.1. Introduction. 11.2. AQUA Technology--How It Works. 11.3. Standardization. 11.4. Quantification. 11.5. Localization. 11.6. Multiparametric Analysis. 11.7. Application of AQUA Technology to Drug Discovery and Companion Diagnostics. 11.8. Summary and Conclusions. References. Index.
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