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In considering the geology of Western Gondwana, this text covers: the Pan-African-Brasiliano cratons; the Pan-African-Brasiliano fold belts; and amosaic of Pan-African-Brasiliano mini-cratons and mino-fold belts: Northeast Brazil and the Central-Western portion of Africa.
In considering the geology of Western Gondwana, this text covers: the Pan-African-Brasiliano cratons; the Pan-African-Brasiliano fold belts; and amosaic of Pan-African-Brasiliano mini-cratons and mino-fold belts: Northeast Brazil and the Central-Western portion of Africa.
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Laboratoire Geosciencesde I'environment, Universited'aix-Marseille, Marseille, France.
Inhaltsangabe
PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Subject matter and organization 1.2 Investigated area and time span 1.3 Major structural units or geological provinces 1.3.1 The Amazonian craton and adjacent fold belts 1.3.2 The West Afdcan craton and adjacent fold belts 1.3.3 The Congo or Zaire Sao Frangisco craton and adjacent fold belts 1.3.4 The Kalahari craton and adjacent fold belts 1.3.5 The Rio de la Plata craton and adjacent fold belts 1.3.6 The particular case of Northeast Brazil and its African Extension 1.4 Geodynamic evolution of Western Gondwana 1.5 Location of Pan African Brasiliano sutures PART 1: THE PAN AFRICAN BRASILIANO CRATONS 2 THE BASEMENT OR INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE PAN AFRICAN BRASILIANO CRATONS 2.1 The West African craton 2.1.1 The Reguibat block 2.1.2 The Man Leo block and its extension in Brazil 2.1.3 Conclusions 2.2 The Amazonian or Amazon craton 2.2.1 The Guyana or Rio Branco block 2.2.2 The Guapore or Central Brazil block 2.2.3 Conclusions 2.3 The Congo (Zaire) Sao Francisco craton 2.3.1 The Sao Francisco massif or craton 2.3.2 The Congo or Zaire block or craton 2.4 The Rio de la Plata craton 2.5 The Kalahari or South African craton 3 LATE EARLY MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC COVER AND METASEDIMENTARY SEQUENCES 3.1 The West African craton 3.1.1 The Adrar of Mauritania 3.1.2 TheGourma 3.1.3 The Volta Basin 3.1.4 Conclusions to the study of the Pan African cover rocks of the West African craton 3.2 The Amazonian or Amazon craton 3.2.1 The cover rocks of the Amazonian craton north of the 13° south parallel 3.2.2 The southern extension of the Guapore block south of the 13° south parallel 3.2.3 Conclusions to the study of the late Early Middle Late Proterozoic sequences 3.3 The Congo (Zaire) Sao Francisco craton 3.3.1 The Sao Francisco block or craton (Brazil) 3.3.2 The Congo or Zaire block or craton 3.3.3 Conclusions to the study of the Late Early Middle Proterozoic sequences 3.4 The Rio de la Plata craton 3.5 The Western portion ofthe Kalahari craton PART 2: THE PAN AFRICAN BRASILIANO FOLD BELTS 4 DEFINITION, PRESENTATION 5 THE TRANS S AH ARAN MEGA OROGEN 5.1 Recognition of a suture 5.2 The slightly tectonized passive margin of the West African craton 5.3 The highly tectonized passive margin and the active margin 5.3.1 The materials 5.3.2 Geodynamic evolution: Granitization and molassic deposits 5.4 Conclusions 5.5 Extension of the Trans Saharan mega fold belt into Brazil 6 THEWEST CONGO ARAgUAI AND RIBEIRAFOLD BELTS 6.1 The West Congo Araguai fold belt 6.1.1 The metasediments ofthe external units 6.1.2 The materials of the granitized and highly metamorphosed central zone 6.1.3 The structure of the Araguai West Congo fold belt and conclusions 6.2 The Ribeira Mantiqueira fold belt 6.2.1 The materials 6.2.2 The structure 6.2.3 Conclusion: The geodynamic evolution 7 THE BRASILIA FOLD BELT: THE COLLISION BETWEEN THE CONGO S AO FRANCISCO ANDAMAZONPLATES 7.1 The materials 7.1.1 The basement 7.1.2 The late Early Middle Proterozoic metasediments 7.1.3 The late Middle and Late Proterozoic metasediments 7.2 Structure and geodynamic evolution 7.3 Conclusions 8 THE DOM FELICIANO, KAOKO (ATLANTIC DAM ARA), GARIEP AND MALMESBURY FOLDBELTS 8.1 TheSouthAmericanDomFelicianofoldbelt 8.1.1 The northern segment or Tyucas fold belt 8.1.2 The median segment in Rio Grande do Sul 8.1.3 The southern segment in Uruguay 8.2 The Kaoko or Atlantic branch of the Damara fold belt 8.3 The Gariep fold belt 8.4 The Malmesbury fold belt 8.5 Conclusions on South Atlantic Pan African Brasiliano fold belts 9 THE DAMARA (S .L.) FOLD BELTS: THE INTERNAL AND THE ATLANTIC OR KAOKO BRANCHES 9.1 The filling of the internal Damara 'geosyncline' 9.2 Structure, metamorphism, and granitoids 9.3 Dynamic evolution: proposed models 9.4 The Kaokoveld fold belt or Atlantic branch of the Damara 10 THE E W OUBANGUIDE SERGIPE MEGA OROGEN 10.1 The Sergipane(s.L) or Sergipe fold belt 10.1.1 The general structure 10.1.2 Thematerials 10.1.3 The geodynamic evolution 10.2 The Oubanguide fold belt 10.2.1 The general structure 10.2.2 Thematerials 10.2.3 The geodynamic evolution 10.3 Conclusions 11 THE FESTOON OF WEST AFRICAN TRANS SOUTH AMERICAN FOLD BELTS 11.1 The Pan African Bassaride and Rokelide fold belts 11.2 The Araguaia and Paraguay fold belts 11.2.1 The Paraguay fold belt 11.2.2 The Araguaia fold belt 11.2.3 Conclusions: Geodynamic models 11.3 The Sierras Pampeanas fold belt in Argentina 11.4 Conclusions PART 3: AMOSAIC OF PAN AFRICAN BRASILIANO MEMI CRATONS AND MINI FOLD BELTS: NORTHEAST BRAZIL AND THE CENTRAL WESTERN PORTION OF AFRICA 12 NORTHEAST BRAZIL AND ITS AFRICAN CONTINUATION: STRUCTURE AND INVOLVED MATERIALS 12.1 The southern lateral or frontal zone 12.2 The central fan 12.2.1 The Serido fold belt, NE Brazil: A type Brasiliano metasedimentaiy sequence? 12.2.2 The Ceara Group, NE Brazil 12.2.3 The'Schist Belts'of Western Nigeria 12.2.4 The central and eastern Hoggar 12.3 The lateral western zone 12.4 The Pemambuco Patos shear band and its African extension 12.5 The molassic deposits 12.6 The granitoids 12.7 Conclusions PART 4: C ONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSIONS 13 THE AMALGAMATION OF WESTERN GONDWANA(~ 600 Ma): ITS SUTURING (~ 500 Ma) WTTHEASTERNGONDWANA 13.1 Pre Pan African Brasiliano geological evolution 13.1.1 The example of the West Africa, Amazon and Rio de la Plata mega craton 13.1.2 The example of the Congo (Za5fre) Sao Francisco craton 13.1.3 The infrastructure of some Pan African Brasiliano fold belts 13.1.4 Diversity of geodynamic evolution in Western Gondwana 13.2 The Pan African Brasiliano sedimentation 13.2.1 Variable ages of metasedimentaiy fills: Comparison with cratonic cover sequences 13.2.2 Rifting, glaciation, and ferruginous sedimentation during the late Proterozoic 13.3 Hie Pan African Brasiliano orogeny 13.3.1 The Trans Saharan mega fold belt 13.3.2 The set of fold belts fringing the South Adantic Ocean 13.3.3 The Oubanguide Seigipe mega fold belt 13.3.4 The NE Brazil Central west Africa Plate 13.3.5 The festoon of the West Afncan Trans South American fold belts 13.3.6 The amalgamation of West Gondwana and its collision with East Gondwana 13.4 Tectonic inheritance in the opening of the South Atlantic REFERENCES INDEX.
PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Subject matter and organization 1.2 Investigated area and time span 1.3 Major structural units or geological provinces 1.3.1 The Amazonian craton and adjacent fold belts 1.3.2 The West Afdcan craton and adjacent fold belts 1.3.3 The Congo or Zaire Sao Frangisco craton and adjacent fold belts 1.3.4 The Kalahari craton and adjacent fold belts 1.3.5 The Rio de la Plata craton and adjacent fold belts 1.3.6 The particular case of Northeast Brazil and its African Extension 1.4 Geodynamic evolution of Western Gondwana 1.5 Location of Pan African Brasiliano sutures PART 1: THE PAN AFRICAN BRASILIANO CRATONS 2 THE BASEMENT OR INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE PAN AFRICAN BRASILIANO CRATONS 2.1 The West African craton 2.1.1 The Reguibat block 2.1.2 The Man Leo block and its extension in Brazil 2.1.3 Conclusions 2.2 The Amazonian or Amazon craton 2.2.1 The Guyana or Rio Branco block 2.2.2 The Guapore or Central Brazil block 2.2.3 Conclusions 2.3 The Congo (Zaire) Sao Francisco craton 2.3.1 The Sao Francisco massif or craton 2.3.2 The Congo or Zaire block or craton 2.4 The Rio de la Plata craton 2.5 The Kalahari or South African craton 3 LATE EARLY MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC COVER AND METASEDIMENTARY SEQUENCES 3.1 The West African craton 3.1.1 The Adrar of Mauritania 3.1.2 TheGourma 3.1.3 The Volta Basin 3.1.4 Conclusions to the study of the Pan African cover rocks of the West African craton 3.2 The Amazonian or Amazon craton 3.2.1 The cover rocks of the Amazonian craton north of the 13° south parallel 3.2.2 The southern extension of the Guapore block south of the 13° south parallel 3.2.3 Conclusions to the study of the late Early Middle Late Proterozoic sequences 3.3 The Congo (Zaire) Sao Francisco craton 3.3.1 The Sao Francisco block or craton (Brazil) 3.3.2 The Congo or Zaire block or craton 3.3.3 Conclusions to the study of the Late Early Middle Proterozoic sequences 3.4 The Rio de la Plata craton 3.5 The Western portion ofthe Kalahari craton PART 2: THE PAN AFRICAN BRASILIANO FOLD BELTS 4 DEFINITION, PRESENTATION 5 THE TRANS S AH ARAN MEGA OROGEN 5.1 Recognition of a suture 5.2 The slightly tectonized passive margin of the West African craton 5.3 The highly tectonized passive margin and the active margin 5.3.1 The materials 5.3.2 Geodynamic evolution: Granitization and molassic deposits 5.4 Conclusions 5.5 Extension of the Trans Saharan mega fold belt into Brazil 6 THEWEST CONGO ARAgUAI AND RIBEIRAFOLD BELTS 6.1 The West Congo Araguai fold belt 6.1.1 The metasediments ofthe external units 6.1.2 The materials of the granitized and highly metamorphosed central zone 6.1.3 The structure of the Araguai West Congo fold belt and conclusions 6.2 The Ribeira Mantiqueira fold belt 6.2.1 The materials 6.2.2 The structure 6.2.3 Conclusion: The geodynamic evolution 7 THE BRASILIA FOLD BELT: THE COLLISION BETWEEN THE CONGO S AO FRANCISCO ANDAMAZONPLATES 7.1 The materials 7.1.1 The basement 7.1.2 The late Early Middle Proterozoic metasediments 7.1.3 The late Middle and Late Proterozoic metasediments 7.2 Structure and geodynamic evolution 7.3 Conclusions 8 THE DOM FELICIANO, KAOKO (ATLANTIC DAM ARA), GARIEP AND MALMESBURY FOLDBELTS 8.1 TheSouthAmericanDomFelicianofoldbelt 8.1.1 The northern segment or Tyucas fold belt 8.1.2 The median segment in Rio Grande do Sul 8.1.3 The southern segment in Uruguay 8.2 The Kaoko or Atlantic branch of the Damara fold belt 8.3 The Gariep fold belt 8.4 The Malmesbury fold belt 8.5 Conclusions on South Atlantic Pan African Brasiliano fold belts 9 THE DAMARA (S .L.) FOLD BELTS: THE INTERNAL AND THE ATLANTIC OR KAOKO BRANCHES 9.1 The filling of the internal Damara 'geosyncline' 9.2 Structure, metamorphism, and granitoids 9.3 Dynamic evolution: proposed models 9.4 The Kaokoveld fold belt or Atlantic branch of the Damara 10 THE E W OUBANGUIDE SERGIPE MEGA OROGEN 10.1 The Sergipane(s.L) or Sergipe fold belt 10.1.1 The general structure 10.1.2 Thematerials 10.1.3 The geodynamic evolution 10.2 The Oubanguide fold belt 10.2.1 The general structure 10.2.2 Thematerials 10.2.3 The geodynamic evolution 10.3 Conclusions 11 THE FESTOON OF WEST AFRICAN TRANS SOUTH AMERICAN FOLD BELTS 11.1 The Pan African Bassaride and Rokelide fold belts 11.2 The Araguaia and Paraguay fold belts 11.2.1 The Paraguay fold belt 11.2.2 The Araguaia fold belt 11.2.3 Conclusions: Geodynamic models 11.3 The Sierras Pampeanas fold belt in Argentina 11.4 Conclusions PART 3: AMOSAIC OF PAN AFRICAN BRASILIANO MEMI CRATONS AND MINI FOLD BELTS: NORTHEAST BRAZIL AND THE CENTRAL WESTERN PORTION OF AFRICA 12 NORTHEAST BRAZIL AND ITS AFRICAN CONTINUATION: STRUCTURE AND INVOLVED MATERIALS 12.1 The southern lateral or frontal zone 12.2 The central fan 12.2.1 The Serido fold belt, NE Brazil: A type Brasiliano metasedimentaiy sequence? 12.2.2 The Ceara Group, NE Brazil 12.2.3 The'Schist Belts'of Western Nigeria 12.2.4 The central and eastern Hoggar 12.3 The lateral western zone 12.4 The Pemambuco Patos shear band and its African extension 12.5 The molassic deposits 12.6 The granitoids 12.7 Conclusions PART 4: C ONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSIONS 13 THE AMALGAMATION OF WESTERN GONDWANA(~ 600 Ma): ITS SUTURING (~ 500 Ma) WTTHEASTERNGONDWANA 13.1 Pre Pan African Brasiliano geological evolution 13.1.1 The example of the West Africa, Amazon and Rio de la Plata mega craton 13.1.2 The example of the Congo (Za5fre) Sao Francisco craton 13.1.3 The infrastructure of some Pan African Brasiliano fold belts 13.1.4 Diversity of geodynamic evolution in Western Gondwana 13.2 The Pan African Brasiliano sedimentation 13.2.1 Variable ages of metasedimentaiy fills: Comparison with cratonic cover sequences 13.2.2 Rifting, glaciation, and ferruginous sedimentation during the late Proterozoic 13.3 Hie Pan African Brasiliano orogeny 13.3.1 The Trans Saharan mega fold belt 13.3.2 The set of fold belts fringing the South Adantic Ocean 13.3.3 The Oubanguide Seigipe mega fold belt 13.3.4 The NE Brazil Central west Africa Plate 13.3.5 The festoon of the West Afncan Trans South American fold belts 13.3.6 The amalgamation of West Gondwana and its collision with East Gondwana 13.4 Tectonic inheritance in the opening of the South Atlantic REFERENCES INDEX.
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