John B. Wachtman, W. Roger Cannon, M. John Matthewson

Mechanical Prop Ceramics 2e

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

A Comprehensive and Self-Contained Treatment of the Theory and Practical Applications of Ceramic Materials
When failure occurs in ceramic materials, it is often catastrophic, instantaneous, and total. Now in its Second Edition , this important book arms readers with a thorough and accurate understanding of the causes of these failures and how to design ceramics for failure avoidance. It systematically covers:

Stress and strain

Types of mechanical behavior

Strength of defect-free solids

Linear elastic fracture mechanics

Measurements of elasticity, strength, and fracture toughness

Subcritical crack propagation

Toughening mechanisms in ceramics

Effects of microstructure on toughness and strength

Cyclic fatigue of ceramics

Thermal stress and thermal shock in ceramics

Fractography

Dislocation and plastic deformation in ceramics

Creep and superplasticity of ceramics

Creep rupture at high temperatures and safe life design

Hardness and wear

And more

While maintaining the first edition s reputation for being an indispensable professional resource, this new edition has been updated with sketches, explanations, figures, tables, summaries, and problem sets to make it more student-friendly as a textbook in undergraduate and graduate courses on the mechanical properties of ceramics.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: Wiley & Sons
• 2. Aufl.
• Seitenzahl: 496
• Erscheinungstermin: 1. April 2009
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 240mm x 161mm x 31mm
• Gewicht: 778g
• ISBN-13: 9780471735816
• ISBN-10: 0471735817
• Artikelnr.: 25933406

Autorenporträt

John B. Wachtman, PHD, was Sosman Professor of Ceramics at Rutgers University in New Jersey. Since he received his degree from the University of Maryland in 1961, he has worked as a research scientist, division chief, and director of the Center for Materials Research at the National Bureau of Standards. Dr. Wachtman is the author of several books and holds many awards, honors, and offices in various scientific societies. W. Roger Cannon, PHD, is Professor Emeritus of Materials Science and Engineering at Rutgers University. He was previously on the research staff of MIT's Ceramic Processing Laboratory after receiving his PhD from Stanford University. His interests include mechanical properties, especially creep, sintering, and tape casting. M. John Matthewson, PHD, is Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at Rutgers University. His research interests include the mechanical properties and reliability of materials and, in particular, of optical fiber and fiber components. He also works on computational modeling of various materials-related issues, including processing, sintering, and lifetime calculations.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface. Acknowledgments. 1 Stress and Strain. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Tensor
Notation for Stress. 1.3 Stress in Rotated Coordinate System. 1.4 Principal
Stress. 1.4.1 Principal Stresses in Three Dimensions. 1.5 Stress
Invariants. 1.6 Stress Deviator. 1.7 Strain. 1.8 True Stress and True
Strain. 1.8.1 True Strain. 1.8.2 True Stress. Problems. 2 Types of
Mechanical Behavior. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Elasticity and Brittle Fracture.
2.3 Permanent Deformation. 3 Elasticity. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Elasticity
of Isotropic Bodies. 3.3 Reduced Notation for Stresses, Strains, and
Elastic Constants. 3.4 Effect of Symmetry on Elastic Constants. 3.5
Orientation Dependence of Elastic Moduli in Single Crystals and Composites.
3.6 Values of Polycrystalline Moduli in Terms of Single-Crystal Constants.
3.7 Variation of Elastic Constants with Lattice Parameter. 3.8 Variation of
Elastic Constants with Temperature. 3.9 Elastic Properties of Porous
Ceramics. 3.10 Stored Elastic Energy. Problems. 4 Strength of Defect-Free
Solids. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Theoretical Strength in Tension. 4.3
Theoretical Strength in Shear. Problems. 5 Linear Elastic Fracture
Mechanics. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Stress Concentrations. 5.3 Griffith Theory
of Fracture of a Brittle Solid. 5.4 Stress at Crack Tip: An Estimate. 5.5
Crack Shape in Brittle Solids. 5.6 Irwin Formulation of Fracture Mechanics:
Stress Intensity Factor. 5.7 Irwin Formulation of Fracture Mechanics:
Energy Release Rate. 5.8 Some Useful Stress Intensity Factors. 5.9 The J
Integral. 5.10 Cracks with Internal Loading. 5.11 Failure under Multiaxial
Stress. Problems. 6 Measurements of Elasticity, Strength, and Fracture
Toughness. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Tensile Tests. 6.3 Flexure Tests. 6.4
Double-Cantilever-Beam Test. 6.5 Double-Torsion Test. 6.6 Indentation Test.
6.7 Biaxial Flexure Testing. 6.8 Elastic Constant Determination Using
Vibrational and Ultrasonic Methods. Problems. 7 Statistical Treatment of
Strength. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Statistical Distributions. 7.3 Strength
Distribution Functions. 7.4 Weakest Link Theory. 7.5 Determining Weibull
Parameters. 7.6 Effect of Specimen Size. 7.7 Adaptation to Bend Testing.
7.8 Safety Factors. 7.9 Example of Safe Stress Calculation. 7.10 Proof
Testing. 7.11 Use of Pooled Fracture Data in Linear Regression
Determination of Weibull Parameters. 7.12 Method of Maximum Likelihood in
Weibull Parameter Estimation. 7.13 Statistics of Failure under Multiaxial
Stress. 7.14 Effects of Slow Crack Propagation and R-Curve Behavior on
Statistical Distributions of Strength. 7.15 Surface Flaw Distributions and
Multiple Flaw Distributions. Problems. 8 Subcritical Crack Propagation. 8.1
Introduction. 8.2 Observed Subcritical Crack Propagation. 8.3 Crack
Velocity Theory and Molecular Mechanism. 8.4 Time to Failure under Constant
Stress. 8.5 Failure under Constant Stress Rate. 8.6 Comparison of Times to
Failure under Constant Stress and Constant Stress Rate. 8.7 Relation of
Weibull Statistical Parameters with and without Subcritical Crack Growth.
8.8 Construction of Strength-Probability-Time Diagrams. 8.9 Proof Testing
to Guarantee Minimum Life. 8.10 Subcritical Crack Growth and Failure from
Flaws Originating from Residual Stress Concentrations. 8.11 Slow Crack
Propagation at High Temperature. Problems. 9 Stable Crack Propagation and
R-Curve Behavior. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 R-Curve (T-Curve) Concept. 9.3
R-Curve Effects of Strength Distributions. 9.4 Effect of R Curve on
Subcritical Crack Growth. Problems. 10 Overview of Toughening Mechanisms in
Ceramics. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Toughening by Crack Deflection. 10.3
Toughening by Crack Bowing. 10.4 General Remarks on Crack Tip Shielding. 11
Effect of Microstructure on Toughness and Strength. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2
Fracture Modes in Polycrystalline Ceramics. 11.3 Crystalline Anisotropy in
Polycrystalline Ceramics. 11.4 Effect of Grain Size on Toughness. 11.5
Natural Flaws in Polycrystalline Ceramics. 11.6 Effect of Grain Size on
Fracture Strength. 11.7 Effect of Second-Phase Particles on Fracture
Strength. 11.8 Relationship between Strength and Toughness. 11.9 Effect of
Porosity on Toughness and Strength. 11.10 Fracture of Traditional Ceramics.
Problems. 12 Toughening by Transformation. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Basic
Facts of Transformation Toughening. 12.3 Theory of Transformation
Toughening. 12.4 Shear-Dilatant Transformation Theory. 12.5
Grain-Size-Dependent Transformation Behavior. 12.6 Application of Theory to
Ca-Stabilized Zirconia. Problems. 13 Mechanical Properties of
Continuous-Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composites. 13.1 Introduction.
13.2 Elastic Behavior of Composites. 13.3 Fracture Behavior of Composites
with Continuous, Aligned Fibers. 13.4 Complete Matrix Cracking of
Composites with Continuous, Aligned Fibers. 13.5 Propagation of Short,
Fully Bridged Cracks. 13.6 Propagation of Partially Bridged Cracks. 13.7
Additional Treatment of Crack-Bridging Effects. 13.8 Additional Statistical
Treatments. 13.9 Summary of Fiber-Toughening Mechanisms. 13.10 Other
Failure Mechanisms in Continuous, Aligned-Fiber Composites. 13.11 Tensile
Stress-Strain Curve of Continuous, Aligned-Fiber Composites. 13.12
Laminated Composites. Problems. 14 Mechanical Properties of Whisker-,
Ligament-, and Platelet-Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composites. 14.1
Introduction. 14.2 Model for Whisker Toughening. 14.3 Combined Toughening
Mechanisms in Whisker-Reinforced Composites. 14.4 Ligament-Reinforced
Ceramic Matrix Composites. 14.5 Platelet-Reinforced Ceramic Matrix
Composites. Problems. 15 Cyclic Fatigue of Ceramics. 15.1 Introduction.
15.2 Cyclic Fatigue of Metals. 15.3 Cyclic Fatigue of Ceramics. 15.4
Mechanisms of Cyclic Fatigue of Ceramics. 15.5 Cyclic Fatigue by
Degradation of Crack Bridges. 15.6 Short-Crack Fatigue of Ceramics. 15.7
Implications of Cyclic Fatigue in Design of Ceramics. Problems. 16 Thermal
Stress and Thermal Shock in Ceramics. 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Magnitude of
Thermal Stresses. 16.3 Figure of Merit for Various Thermal Stress
Conditions. 16.4 Crack Propagation under Thermal Stress. Problems. 17
Fractography. 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 Qualitative Features of Fracture
Surfaces. 17.3 Quantitative Fractography. 17.4 Fractal Concepts in
Fractography. 17.5 Fractography of Single Crystals and Polycrystals.
Problems. 18 Dislocations and Plastic Deformation in Ductile Crystals. 18.1
Introduction. 18.2 Definition of Dislocations. 18.3 Glide and Climb of
Dislocations. 18.4 Force on a Dislocation. 18.5 Stress Field and Energy of
a Dislocation. 18.6 Force Required to Move a Dislocation. 18.7 Line Tension
of a Dislocation. 18.8 Dislocation Multiplication. 18.9 Forces between
Dislocations. 18.10 Dislocation Pileups. 18.11 Orowan's Equation for Strain
Rate. 18.12 Dislocation Velocity. 18.13 Hardening by Solid Solution and
Precipitation. 18.14 Slip Systems. 18.15 Partial Dislocations. 18.16
Deformation Twinning. Problems. 19 Dislocations and Plastic Deformation in
Ceramics. 19.1 Introduction. 19.2 Slip Systems in Ceramics. 19.3
Independent Slip Systems. 19.4 Plastic Deformation in Single-Crystal
Alumina. 19.5 Twinning in Aluminum Oxide. 19.6 Plastic Deformation of
Single-Crystal Magnesium Oxide. 19.7 Plastic Deformation of Single-Crystal
Cubic Zirconia. Problems. 20 Creep in Ceramics. 20.1 Introduction. 20.2
Nabarro-Herring Creep. 20.3 Combined Diffusional Creep Mechanisms. 20.4
Power Law Creep. 20.5 Combined Diffusional and Power Law Creep. 20.6 Role
of Grain Boundaries in High-Temperature Deformation and Failure. 20.7
Damage-Enhanced Creep. 20.8 Superplasticity. 20.9 Deformation Mechanism
Maps. Problems. 21 Creep Rupture at High Temperatures and Safe Life Design.
21.1 Introduction. 21.2 General Process of Creep Damage and Failure in
Ceramics. 21.3 Monkman-Grant Technique of Life Prediction. 21.4 Two-Stage
Strain Projection Technique. 21.5 Fracture Mechanism Maps. Problems. 22
Hardness and Wear. 22.1 Introduction. 22.2 Spherical Indenters versus Sharp
Indenters. 22.3 Methods of Hardness Measurement. 22.4 Deformation around
Indentation. 22.5 Cracking around Indentation. 22.6 Indentation Size
Effect. 22.7 Wear Resistance. Problems. 23 Mechanical Properties of Glass
and Glass Ceramics. 23.1 Introduction. 23.2 Typical Inorganic Glasses. 23.3
Viscosity of Glass. 23.4 Elasticity of Inorganic Glasses. 23.5 Strength and
Fracture Surface Energy of Inorganic Glasses. 23.6 Achieving High Strength
in Bulk Glasses. 23.7 Glass Ceramics. Problems. 24 Mechanical Properties of
Polycrystalline Ceramics in General and Design Considerations. 24.1
Introduction. 24.2 Mechanical Properties of Polycrystalline Ceramics in
General. 24.3 Design Involving Mechanical Properties. References. Index.