Handbook of Green Analytical Chemistry

Ed.: De la Guardia, Miguel; Garrigues, Salvador

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

The emerging field of green analytical chemistry is concerned with the development of analytical procedures that minimize consumption of hazardous reagents and solvents, and maximize safety for operators and the environment. In recent years there have been significant developments in methodological and technological tools to prevent and reduce the deleterious effects of analytical activities; key strategies include recycling, replacement, reduction and detoxification of reagents and solvents.

The Handbook of Green Analytical Chemistry provides a comprehensive overview of the present state and recent developments in green chemical analysis. A series of detailed chapters, written by international specialists in the field, discuss the fundamental principles of green analytical chemistry and present a catalogue of tools for developing environmentally friendly analytical techniques.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: Wiley & Sons
• Artikelnr. des Verlages: 14597201000
• 1. Auflage
• Seitenzahl: 566
• Erscheinungstermin: 23. April 2012
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 257mm x 202mm x 35mm
• Gewicht: 1137g
• ISBN-13: 9780470972014
• ISBN-10: 0470972017
• Artikelnr.: 34409822

Autorenporträt

Miguel de la Guardia, Professor of Analytical Chemistry, Valencia University, Spain Professor de la Guardia's research is focused on the automation of analytical methods through multicommutation, sample preparation procedures, chemometrics, development of green analytical methods and development of portable spectrometers. He is a member of the editorial board of Spectroscopy Letters, Ciencia and J. Braz. Chem. Soc., and he was a member of the advisory board of Analytica Chimica Acta from 1995 to 2000. In addition, he is a government consultant for Portugal, Italy, Argentina and China for the evaluation of research proposals and grants. Professor de la Guardia prepared a special issue on Green Spectroscopy in Spectroscopy Letters in 2009, and he is in the process of preparing a special issue on Green Analytical Chemistry for of TrAC which is due to publish in March 2010. Salvador Garrigues, Professor of Analytical Chemistry, Valencia University, Spain Salvador Garrigues works in the research team with Prof. Miguel de la Guardia and has collaborated in more than 150 publications.

Inhaltsangabe

List of Contributors xv Preface xix Section I: Concepts 1 1 The Concept of
Green Analytical Chemistry 3 Miguel de la Guardia and Salvador Garrigues
1.1 Green Analytical Chemistry in the frame of Green Chemistry 3 1.2 Green
Analytical Chemistry versus Analytical Chemistry 7 1.3 The ethical
compromise of sustainability 9 1.4 The business opportunities of clean
methods 11 1.5 The attitudes of the scientific community 12 References 14 2
Education in Green Analytical Chemistry 17 Miguel de la Guardia and
Salvador Garrigues 2.1 The structure of the Analytical Chemistry paradigm
17 2.2 The social perception of Analytical Chemistry 20 2.3 Teaching
Analytical Chemistry 21 2.4 Teaching Green Analytical Chemistry 25 2.5 From
the bench to the real world 26 2.6 Making sustainable professionals for the
future 28 References 29 3 Green Analytical Laboratory Experiments 31
Suparna Dutta and Arabinda K. Das 3.1 Greening the university laboratories
31 3.2 Green laboratory experiments 33 3.3 The place of Green Analytical
Chemistry in the future of our laboratories 52 References 52 4 Publishing
in Green Analytical Chemistry 55 Salvador Garrigues and Miguel de la
Guardia 4.1 A bibliometric study of the literature in Green Analytical
Chemistry 56 4.2 Milestones of the literature on Green Analytical Chemistry
57 4.3 The need for powerful keywords 61 4.4 A new attitude of authors
faced with green parameters 62 4.5 A proposal for editors and reviewers 64
4.6 The future starts now 65 References 66 Section II: The Analytical
Process 67 5 Greening Sampling Techniques 69 José Luis Gómez Ariza and
Tamara García Barrera 5.1 Greening analytical chemistry solutions for
sampling 70 5.2 New green approaches to reduce problems related to sample
losses, sample contamination, transport and storage 70 5.3 Greening
analytical in-line systems 76 5.4 In-field sampling 77 5.5 Environmentally
friendly sample stabilization 79 5.6 Sampling for automatization 79 5.7
Future possibilities in green sampling 80 References 80 6 Direct Analysis
of Samples 85 Sergio Armenta and Miguel de la Guardia 6.1 Remote
environmental sensing 85 6.2 Process monitoring: in-line, on-line and
at-line measurements 91 6.3 At-line non-destructive or quasi
non-destructive measurements 94 6.4 New challenges in direct analysis 97
References 98 7 Green Analytical Chemistry Approaches in Sample Preparation
103 Marek Tobiszewski, Agata Mechlinska and Jacek Namiesnik 7.1 About
sample preparation 103 7.2 Miniaturized extraction techniques 104 7.3
Alternative solvents 113 7.4 Assisted extractions 117 7.5 Final remarks 119
References 119 8 Green Sample Preparation with Non-Chromatographic
Separation Techniques 125 María Dolores Luque de Castro and Miguel Alcaide
Molina 8.1 Sample preparation in the frame of the analytical process 125
8.2 Separation techniques involving a gas-liquid interface 127 8.3
Techniques involving a liquid-liquid interface 133 8.4 Techniques involving
a liquid-solid interface 139 8.5 A Green future for sample preparation 145
References 145 9 Capillary Electrophoresis 153 Mihkel Kaljurand 9.1 The
capillary electrophoresis separation techniques 153 9.2 Capillary
electrophoresis among other liquid phase separation methods 155 9.3
Possible ways of surmounting the disadvantages of CE 167 9.4 Sample
preparation in CE 168 9.5 Is capillary electrophoresis a green alternative?
169 References 170 10 Green Chromatography 175 Chi-Yu Lu 10.1 Greening
liquid chromatography 175 10.2 Green solvents 176 10.3 Green instruments
178 References 185 11 Green Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 199 Martín
Resano, Esperanza García-Ruiz and Miguel A. Belarra 11.1 Atomic
spectrometry in the context of Green Analytical Chemistry 199 11.2
Improvements in sample pretreatment strategies 202 11.3 Direct solid
sampling techniques 205 11.4 Future for green analytical atomic
spectrometry 213 References 215 12 Solid Phase Molecular Spectroscopy 221
Antonio Molina-Díaz, Juan Francisco García-Reyes and Natividad Ramos-Martos
12.1 Solid phase molecular spectroscopy: an approach to Green Analytical
Chemistry 221 12.2 Fundamentals of solid phase molecular spectroscopy 222
12.3 Batch mode procedures 225 12.4 Flow mode procedures 226 12.5 Selected
examples of application of solid phase molecular spectroscopy 233 12.6 The
potential of flow solid phase envisaged from the point of view of Green
Analytical Chemistry 235 References 240 13 Derivative Techniques in
Molecular Absorption, Fluorimetry and Liquid Chromatography as Tools for
Green Analytical Chemistry 245 José Manuel Cano Pavón, Amparo García de
Torres, Catalina Bosch Ojeda, Fuensanta Sánchez Rojas and Elisa I. Vereda
Alonso 13.1 The derivative technique as a tool for Green Analytical
Chemistry 245 13.2 Derivative absorption spectrometry in the UV-visible
region 247 13.3 Derivative fluorescence spectrometry 250 13.4 Use of
derivative signal techniques in liquid chromatography 254 References 255 14
Greening Electroanalytical Methods 261 Paloma Yáñez-Sedeño, José M.
Pingarrón and Lucas Hernández 14.1 Towards a more environmentally friendly
electroanalysis 261 14.2 Electrode materials 262 14.3 Solvents 270 14.4
Electrochemical detection in flowing solutions 274 14.5 Biosensors 278 14.6
Future trends in green electroanalysis 282 References 282 Section III:
Strategies 289 15 Energy Savings in Analytical Chemistry 291 Mihkel Koel
15.1 Energy consumption in analytical methods 291 15.2 Economy and saving
energy in laboratory practice 294 15.3 Alternative sources of energy for
processes 296 15.4 Using alternative solvents for energy savings 302 15.5
Efficient laboratory equipment 305 15.6 Effects of automation and
micronization on energy consumption 307 15.7 Assessment of energy
efficiency 312 References 316 16 Green Analytical Chemistry and Flow
Injection Methodologies 321 Luis Dante Martínez, Soledad Cerutti and Raúl
Andrés Gil 16.1 Progress of automated techniques for Green Analytical
Chemistry 321 16.2 Flow injection analysis 322 16.3 Sequential injection
analysis 325 16.4 Lab-on-valve 327 16.5 Multicommutation 328 16.6
Conclusions and remarks 334 References 334 17 Miniaturization 339 Alberto
Escarpa, Miguel Ángel López and Lourdes Ramos 17.1 Current needs and
pitfalls in sample preparation 340 17.2 Non-integrated approaches for
miniaturized sample preparation 341 17.3 Integrated approaches for sample
preparation on microfluidic platforms 353 17.4 Final remarks 378 References
379 18 Micro- and Nanomaterials Based Detection Systems Applied in
Lab-on-a-Chip Technology 389 Mariana Medina-Sánchez and Arben Merkoçi 18.1
Micro- and nanotechnology in Green Analytical Chemistry 389 18.2
Nanomaterials-based (bio)sensors 390 18.3 Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technology
396 18.4 LOC applications 398 18.5 Conclusions and future perspectives 400
References 401 19 Photocatalytic Treatment of Laboratory Wastes Containing
Hazardous Organic Compounds 407 Edmondo Pramauro, Alessandra Bianco Prevot
and Debora Fabbri 19.1 Photocatalysis 407 19.2 Fundamentals of the
photocatalytic process 408 19.3 Limits of the photocatalytic treatment 408
19.4 Usual photocatalytic procedure in laboratory practice 408 19.5
Influence of experimental parameters 411 19.6 Additives reducing the e-/h+
recombination 412 19.7 Analytical control of the photocatalytic treatment
413 19.8 Examples of possible applications of photocatalysis to the
treatment of laboratory wastes 413 19.9 Continuous monitoring of
photocatalytic treatment 420 References 420 Section IV: Fields of
Application 425 20 Green Bioanalytical Chemistry 427 Tadashi Nishio and
Hideko Kanazawa 20.1 The analytical techniques in bioanalysis 427 20.2
Environmental-responsive polymers 428 20.3 Preparation of a
polymer-modified surface for the stationary phase of
environmental-responsive chromatography 430 20.4 Temperature-responsive
chromatography for green analytical methods 432 20.5 Biological analysis by
temperature-responsive chromatography 432 20.6 Affinity chromatography for
green bioseparation 436 20.7 Separation of biologically active molecules by
the green chromatographic method 438 20.8 Protein separation by an aqueous
chromatographic system 441 20.9 Ice chromatography 442 20.10
High-temperature liquid chromatography 443 20.11 Ionic liquids 443 20.12
The future in green bioanalysis 444 References 444 21 Infrared Spectroscopy
in Biodiagnostics: A Green Analytical Approach 449 Mohammadreza
Khanmohammadi and Amir Bagheri Garmarudi 21.1 Infrared spectroscopy
capabilities 449 21.2 Infrared spectroscopy of bio-active chemicals in a
bio-system 451 21.3 Medical analysis of body fluids by infrared
spectroscopy 453 21.4 Diagnosis in tissue samples via IR spectroscopic
analysis 457 21.5 New trends in infrared spectroscopy assisted
biodiagnostics 468 References 470 22 Environmental Analysis 475 Ricardo
Erthal Santelli, Marcos Almeida Bezerra, Julio Carlos Afonso, Maria de
Fátima Batista de Carvalho, Eliane Padua Oliveira and Aline Soares Freire
22.1 Pollution and its control 475 22.2 Steps of an environmental analysis
476 22.3 Green environmental analysis for water, wastewater and effluent
480 22.4 Green environmental analysis applied for solid samples 485 22.5
Green environmental analysis applied for atmospheric samples 496 References
497 23 Green Industrial Analysis 505 Sergio Armenta and Miguel de la
Guardia 23.1 Greening industrial practices for safety and cost reasons 505
23.2 The quality control of raw materials and end products 506 23.3 Process
control 510 23.4 Effluent control 511 23.5 Working atmosphere control 514
23.6 The future starts now 515 References 515 Index 519