It has been exactly five years since I was privileged to write the foreword for the previous edition of this distinguished book on gynecologic endocrinology. Reproductive endocrinology has been established as a separate respected area in the general field of endocrinology, as well as in obstetrics and gynecology. Years ago the reproductive endocrinologist took long periods of time to answer questions, since most of the studies done then used bioassay methods. These studies were hastened by the work of Berson and Yalow with their development of the radioimmunoassay. They were later awarded the…mehr
It has been exactly five years since I was privileged to write the foreword for the previous edition of this distinguished book on gynecologic endocrinology. Reproductive endocrinology has been established as a separate respected area in the general field of endocrinology, as well as in obstetrics and gynecology. Years ago the reproductive endocrinologist took long periods of time to answer questions, since most of the studies done then used bioassay methods. These studies were hastened by the work of Berson and Yalow with their development of the radioimmunoassay. They were later awarded the Nobel Prize for this work, since it unlocked many avenues of investigation in the field of endocrinology. It is now possible to measure small quantities of hormones in various biological tissues. Since that time high-pressure liquid chro matography and mass spectrometry have unlocked further secrets in this field with their capability of measuring ever smaller quantities of substances as well as their metabolites. Giant strides have been made in other diagnostic methods that interface with gynecologic endocrinology, notably in the field of radiology in the arena of tomography and CAT scans, and now nuclear magnetic resonance. Progress will be pushed still further, and this fourth edition again identifies the leading edge of knowledge. Such new areas embrace the physiology of relaxin, the ontogeny of sexual differentiation, diagnostic procedures on the cervix, functional dysmenorrhea and anorexia nervosa, idiopathic edema, and the misunderstood premenstrual tension syndrome.
I. Basic Anatomy and Physiology.- 1. Historical Introduction to Gonadal Regulation of the Uterus and the Menses.- 2. The Neuroendocrine System.- Historical Background.- Posterior Pituitary or Neurohypophysis.- Normal Physiology of the Anterior Pituitary and Median Eminence.- Pathophysiology.- Releasing Hormones and Their Use in Therapy.- Summary.- Questions.- References.- Answers.- 3. Placental Endocrinology.- Placental Steroid Hormones.- Placental Protein Hormones.- Other Placental Proteins.- Periplacental Hormones.- Summary.- Questions.- References.- Answers.- II. Hormonal Physiology.- 4. Hormonal Physiology of the Ovary and Adrenal Cortex.- Steroidogenesis in Ovary and Adrenal.- Germ Cell and Oocyte.- Folliculogenesis.- Estrogen and Hormone Receptors in Folliculogenesis.- Selection of the Preovulatory (Dominant) Follicle.- Ovulation.- Formation, Maintenance, and Lysis of the Corpus Luteum.- Luteinization Inhibitor and Stimulator.- Follicle Regulatory Protein.- Oocyte Maturation Inhibitor.- Inhibin (Inhibin F, Folliculostatin, Gonadostatin).- Prolactin.- Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone.- Relaxin.- Questions.- References.- Answers.- 5. Physiology of Relaxin.- Structure.- Species Specificity.- Measurement of Relaxin.- Sources of Relaxin in the Human Female.- Relaxin in the Nonpregnant State.- Relaxin and Pregnancy.- Role of Relaxin in Women.- Relaxin in the Male.- Future Trends.- Summary.- Questions.- References.- Answers.- 6. Normal Growth and Development of the Female.- Development of the Sexually Undifferentiated Embryo.- Development of the Female Fetus.- Neuroendocrine Function in the Fetus.- Intrauterine Fetal Growth.- The Newborn Period.- Infancy and Childhood.- Peripubertal Hormonal Changes.- Neuroendocrine Development during Puberty.- Growth and Sexual Maturation during Puberty.- Summary.- Questions.- References.- Answers.- 7. Thyroid Function and Disease in the Female.- and Historical Background.- Thyroid Physiology.- Thyroid Function Tests.- Thyroid Pathophysiology.- Management of Thyroid Diseases.- The Thyroid in Pregnancy and the Postpartum.- Summary.- Questions.- References.- Answers.- III. Diagnostic Procedures.- 8. Hormone Assays in Endocrine Systems.- Procedures for Testing.- Hormone Assay Procedures.- Testing Protocols.- Future of Hormone Assay in Endocrinology.- Summary.- Questions.- References.- Answers.- 9. Hormonal Cytopathology of the Vagina.- Cytologic Techniques.- Cytology under Physiologic Conditions.- Assessment of Hormonal Effects.- Cytology of Pregnancy and Abortion.- The Menopause.- Cytology of Amenorrhea.- Effect of Hormonal Administration and Contraception.- Hormonal Patterns of Miscellaneous Conditions.- Summary.- Questions.- References.- Answers.- 10. Cervical Mucus.- Production and Physiochemical Properties.- Sperm Penetration of Cervical Mucus.- Antibacterial Activity of Cervical Mucus.- Use of Cervical Mucus in Clinical Tests of Infertility.- Cervicovaginal Peroxidases and Prediction of the Time of Ovulation.- Summary.- Questions.- References.- Answers.- 11. Endometrium.- Historical Considerations.- Normal Endometrium.- Endometrial Responses.- Other Dysfunctional Bleeding Syndromes.- Organic Pathology.- Summary.- Questions.- References.- Answers.- 12. Diagnostic Imaging.- Skeletal Age.- Hysterosalpingography.- Genitography.- Neuroendocrinology Imaging.- Adrenals.- Gynecologic Ultrasound.- Gonadal Dysgenesis.- Skeletal Abnormalities.- Visceral Anomalies.- Summary.- Questions.- References.- Answers.- 13. Endoscopic Procedures.- History and Background.- Laparoscopy.- Hysteroscopy.- Contact Hysteroscopy.- Summary.- Questions.- References.- Answers.- IV. Endocrine Disorders in the Female.- 14. Ovarian Dysgenesis and Related Genetic Disorders.- Genetic Control of Testicular and Ovarian Development.- General Considerations.- Pathologic Features of Monosomy X (45,X).- Specific Sex Chromosomal Abnormalities.- Gonadal Dysgenesis in 46,XX Individuals.- Gonadal Dysgenesis in 46,XY Individuals.- Misce
I. Basic Anatomy and Physiology.- 1. Historical Introduction to Gonadal Regulation of the Uterus and the Menses.- 2. The Neuroendocrine System.- Historical Background.- Posterior Pituitary or Neurohypophysis.- Normal Physiology of the Anterior Pituitary and Median Eminence.- Pathophysiology.- Releasing Hormones and Their Use in Therapy.- Summary.- Questions.- References.- Answers.- 3. Placental Endocrinology.- Placental Steroid Hormones.- Placental Protein Hormones.- Other Placental Proteins.- Periplacental Hormones.- Summary.- Questions.- References.- Answers.- II. Hormonal Physiology.- 4. Hormonal Physiology of the Ovary and Adrenal Cortex.- Steroidogenesis in Ovary and Adrenal.- Germ Cell and Oocyte.- Folliculogenesis.- Estrogen and Hormone Receptors in Folliculogenesis.- Selection of the Preovulatory (Dominant) Follicle.- Ovulation.- Formation, Maintenance, and Lysis of the Corpus Luteum.- Luteinization Inhibitor and Stimulator.- Follicle Regulatory Protein.- Oocyte Maturation Inhibitor.- Inhibin (Inhibin F, Folliculostatin, Gonadostatin).- Prolactin.- Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone.- Relaxin.- Questions.- References.- Answers.- 5. Physiology of Relaxin.- Structure.- Species Specificity.- Measurement of Relaxin.- Sources of Relaxin in the Human Female.- Relaxin in the Nonpregnant State.- Relaxin and Pregnancy.- Role of Relaxin in Women.- Relaxin in the Male.- Future Trends.- Summary.- Questions.- References.- Answers.- 6. Normal Growth and Development of the Female.- Development of the Sexually Undifferentiated Embryo.- Development of the Female Fetus.- Neuroendocrine Function in the Fetus.- Intrauterine Fetal Growth.- The Newborn Period.- Infancy and Childhood.- Peripubertal Hormonal Changes.- Neuroendocrine Development during Puberty.- Growth and Sexual Maturation during Puberty.- Summary.- Questions.- References.- Answers.- 7. Thyroid Function and Disease in the Female.- and Historical Background.- Thyroid Physiology.- Thyroid Function Tests.- Thyroid Pathophysiology.- Management of Thyroid Diseases.- The Thyroid in Pregnancy and the Postpartum.- Summary.- Questions.- References.- Answers.- III. Diagnostic Procedures.- 8. Hormone Assays in Endocrine Systems.- Procedures for Testing.- Hormone Assay Procedures.- Testing Protocols.- Future of Hormone Assay in Endocrinology.- Summary.- Questions.- References.- Answers.- 9. Hormonal Cytopathology of the Vagina.- Cytologic Techniques.- Cytology under Physiologic Conditions.- Assessment of Hormonal Effects.- Cytology of Pregnancy and Abortion.- The Menopause.- Cytology of Amenorrhea.- Effect of Hormonal Administration and Contraception.- Hormonal Patterns of Miscellaneous Conditions.- Summary.- Questions.- References.- Answers.- 10. Cervical Mucus.- Production and Physiochemical Properties.- Sperm Penetration of Cervical Mucus.- Antibacterial Activity of Cervical Mucus.- Use of Cervical Mucus in Clinical Tests of Infertility.- Cervicovaginal Peroxidases and Prediction of the Time of Ovulation.- Summary.- Questions.- References.- Answers.- 11. Endometrium.- Historical Considerations.- Normal Endometrium.- Endometrial Responses.- Other Dysfunctional Bleeding Syndromes.- Organic Pathology.- Summary.- Questions.- References.- Answers.- 12. Diagnostic Imaging.- Skeletal Age.- Hysterosalpingography.- Genitography.- Neuroendocrinology Imaging.- Adrenals.- Gynecologic Ultrasound.- Gonadal Dysgenesis.- Skeletal Abnormalities.- Visceral Anomalies.- Summary.- Questions.- References.- Answers.- 13. Endoscopic Procedures.- History and Background.- Laparoscopy.- Hysteroscopy.- Contact Hysteroscopy.- Summary.- Questions.- References.- Answers.- IV. Endocrine Disorders in the Female.- 14. Ovarian Dysgenesis and Related Genetic Disorders.- Genetic Control of Testicular and Ovarian Development.- General Considerations.- Pathologic Features of Monosomy X (45,X).- Specific Sex Chromosomal Abnormalities.- Gonadal Dysgenesis in 46,XX Individuals.- Gonadal Dysgenesis in 46,XY Individuals.- Misce
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