Conservation Science

Heritage Materials
Herausgeber: May, Eric; Jones, Mark

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

This book provides an essential guide and reference source for those working in all areas of heritage conservation.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: RSC Publishing
• Artikelnr. des Verlages: 11783022
• Seitenzahl: 390
• Erscheinungstermin: 13. November 2006
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 239mm x 159mm x 28mm
• Gewicht: 731g
• ISBN-13: 9780854046591
• ISBN-10: 0854046593
• Artikelnr.: 24602873

Inhaltsangabe

PREFACE
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Cultural Heritage: The Archaeologist, The Conservator And The Public - An Essential Coalition
The Archaeologist
The Conservador
From Discovery to Display
Special problems of underwater recovery
The raising of the Mary Rose - a case study
Preservation of the evidence - a multi-discipline task
Conservation with a purpose
Museums - the past into the future
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
CHAPTER TWO: METHODS IN CONSERVATION
INTRODUCTION
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
ANALYTICAL METHODS
Interaction of radiation with matter
Interaction of elemental particles with matter
Dating Methods
DIAGNOSIS OF DETERIORATION PROCESSES
CONSERVATION TREATMENTS
PREVENTIVE CONSERVATION
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
CHAPTER THREE: PAPER
THE CONSTITUENTS OF PAPER
Fibres
Paper size
THE DIRECTIONAL PROPERTIES OF PAPER
HOW PAPER INTERACTS WITH WATER
DETERIORATION OF PAPER
Acid-catalysed hydrolysis of cellulose
Oxidation of cellulose
DEACIDIFICATION
BLEACHING AND WASHING OF PAPER TO REMOVE
DISCOLOURATION
ACCELERATED AGEING TESTS
SAFE ENVIRONMENTS FOR PAPER
METHODS FOR MONITORING THE DETERIORATION OF PAPER
Physical measurements
Chemical methods
CHARACTERISATION OF PAPER
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
CHAPTER FOUR: TEXTILES
THE VARIETY OF TEXTILES
TEXTILE MATERIALS
CASE STUDY I: LINEN FIBRES AND THE VICTORY SAIL
The chemical composition and microstructure of linen
The mechanical performance of the Victory sail
Degradation of cellulosic fibres
Humidity and heat
Acid and alkaline hydrolysis
Photolytic damage
Biological degradation
Acidity measurements on the Victory sail
Conservation and display of the Victory fore topsail
CASE STUDY II: SILK FIBRES AND THE SHACKLETON ENSIGN
The chemical composition and microstructure of silk
Silk processing for use as a textile fibre
The condition of the Shackleton ensign
Assessing the condition of silk by microanalytical techniques
Degradation of silk fibres
CASE STUDY III: WOOL FIBRES AND THE TREE OF JESSE TAPESTRY
The Chemical Composition and Microstructure of Wool
Wool as a Textile Fibre
Degradation of Wool
Conservation and Treatment of the Tree of Jesse Tapestry
ENDNOTE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
CHAPTER FIVE: LEATHER
THE NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF LEATHER
Introduction
Criteria which define tannage
Collagen
Tanning materials
Conclusion
THE MANUFACTURE OF LEATHER
Introduction
Vegetable tanning processes
Alum tawing
Oil tannage
Fur dressing
THE DETERIORATION OF LEATHER
Introduction
Physical deterioration
Biological deterioration
Chemical deterioration
CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES
Introduction
Biological deterioration
Chemical deterioration
Conclusions
REFERENCES
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
CHAPTER SIX: METALS
INTRODUCTION
Extraction
Metallurgy
CORROSION
FIELD TREATMENT AND TRANSPORTATION
CONSERVATION
Acid pickling
Aqueous washing
Electrolytic conservation
Hydrogen reduction
STABILISATION AND CONSOLIDATION
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
CHAPTER SEVEN: GLASS AND CERAMICS
INTRODUCTION
DETERIORATION AND CONSERVATION OF GLASS
HISTORY, STRUCTURE AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
History of glass-making
Structure, technology and physical properties
DEGRADATION MECHANISMS AND PHENOMENA
Basic reactions in water
Degradation of objects indoors
Weathering of stained glass windows
Degradation of archaeological glasses
RESTORATION AND CONSERVATION
Cleaning methods
Coatings, consolidants, adhesives
Conditions for storage and display
DETERIORATION AND CONSERVATION OF CERAMICS
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
CHAPTER EIGHT: CONSERVATION SCIENCE OF PLASTICS
PLASTICS IN HERITAGE COLLECTIONS
THE CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF PLASTICS
Preparation of polymers
Additives
Shaping plastics
IDENTIFICATION OF PLASTICS
Simple tests
Instrumental analytical techniques
DEGRADATION OF PLASTICS
Degradation of cellulose nitrate
Degradation of cellulose acetate
Degradation of plasticized PVC
Degradation of polyurethane foam
CONSERVATION OF PLASTICS
Conservation of cellulose nitrate
Conservation of cellulose acetate
Conservation of polyurethane foam
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
CHAPTER NINE: STONE
INTRODUCTION
THE DEGRADATION 'EQUATION'
Material
Process
Environment
Limestone Weathering in an Urban Environment: Illustration of the Interaction of the Three Factors
CONSERVATION PRACTICES
Identification
Prevention
Barriers to Agents of Degradation
Removal of Degradation
Consolidation
REPLACEMENT
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
CHAPTER TEN: WALL PAINTINGS - ASPECTS OF DETERIORATION AND RESTORATION
INTRODUCTION
WALL PAINTINGS AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF BUILDINGS
DAMAGING PROCESSES
Deterioration by soluble salts
Deterioration by microorganisms
Parameters enhancing microbial colonization
Biodeterioration
CLEANING AND CONSOLIDATION
Consolidation
Cleaning methodologies
SUMMARY
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
CHAPTER ELEVEN: BIODETERIORATION OF ANCIENT TIMBERS
THE BIODETERIOGENS
Marine wood-boring animals
Teredinids
Erosion bacteria
Tunnelling bacteria
Cavitation bacteria
Bacterial symbionts of shipworm
Soft rot fungi
Basidiomycete fungi
Insect borers
WOOD STRUCTURE
Archaeological wood recovered from the marine environment
Properties and condition of waterlogged archaeological wood
STORAGE OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL WOOD
Wrapping in polyethylene bags or sheeting
Advice to conservators
Storage of large wooden artefacts
The storage of large wooden structures (Mary Rose Hull)
Reburial
CONSERVATION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL WOOD
Definition and aims
Lumen filling treatments
Bulking treatments
Surface coatings
CONSERVATION METHODS
Removal of mineral inclusions
Microbial activity
Polyethylene glycol method
In situ polymerisation with radiation curing monomers and resins
Drying following conservation treatment
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
CHAPTER TWELVE: IN-SITU PRESERVATION OF WATERLOGGED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES
IN SITU PRESERVATION
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
Level
Pore water composition
Redox potential
pH
DETERIORATION OF MODERN MATERIALS ANALOGOUS TO ARTEFACTS
WHAT DOES ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING TELL US IN ITSELF?
Case Study: In situ preservation of the site of Nydam
Deterioration and protection of wooden Artefacts
Deterioration of iron artefacts
SUMMARY
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING