Dieses Werk vermittelt einen umfassenden Überblick über zahlreiche Themen im Zusammenhang mit der Biodiesel-Technologie und verwandten Anwendungen. Die einzelnen Kapitel beschäftigen sich mit der Geschichte, den Eigenschaften, Rohstoffen, Herstellungsmethoden, Parametern, Formulierungen und Reaktoren, der Katalyse, Transformation, Analyse, In-situ-Spektroskopie sowie mit den zentralen Problemen und Anwendungen der Biodiesel-Technologie. Behandelt werden darüber hinaus die Themen Biodiesel-Verfahren, Extraktionsstrategien, Bioabfallverwertung, oleochemische Rohstoffe, nicht-essbare Rohstoffe,…mehr
Dieses Werk vermittelt einen umfassenden Überblick über zahlreiche Themen im Zusammenhang mit der Biodiesel-Technologie und verwandten Anwendungen. Die einzelnen Kapitel beschäftigen sich mit der Geschichte, den Eigenschaften, Rohstoffen, Herstellungsmethoden, Parametern, Formulierungen und Reaktoren, der Katalyse, Transformation, Analyse, In-situ-Spektroskopie sowie mit den zentralen Problemen und Anwendungen der Biodiesel-Technologie. Behandelt werden darüber hinaus die Themen Biodiesel-Verfahren, Extraktionsstrategien, Bioabfallverwertung, oleochemische Rohstoffe, nicht-essbare Rohstoffe, heterogene Katalysatoren sowie Patente und Fallstudien. Dabei werden die Fortschritte, Herausforderungen, künftigen Richtungen und die neuesten kommerziellen Biodiesel-Technologien im Detail betrachtet. Dieses Werk ist ein wertvoller Leitfaden für Fachleute, Dozenten, Studenten, Chemieingenieure, Biotechnologen und Umweltschützer, die sich mit der Forschung und Entwicklung von Biodiesel-Technologie befassen.
Inamuddin, PhD, is an assistant professor at the Department of Applied Chemistry, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. He has extensive research experience in analytical chemistry, materials chemistry, electrochemistry, renewable energy, and environmental science. He has worked on different research projects funded by various government agencies and universities and is the recipient of multiple awards, including the Fast Track Young Scientist Award and the Young Researcher of the Year Award for 2020, from Aligarh Muslim University. He has published almost 200 research articles in various international scientific journals, 18 book chapters, and 120 edited books with multiple well-known publishers. Mohd Imran Ahamed, PhD, is a research associate in the Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. He has published several research and review articles in various international scientific journals and has co-edited multiple books. His research work includes ion-exchange chromatography, wastewater treatment, and analysis, bending actuator and electrospinning. Rajender Boddula, PhD, is currently working for the Chinese Academy of Sciences President's International Fellowship Initiative (CAS-PIFI) at the National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST, Beijing). His academic honors include multiple fellowships and scholarships, and he has published many scientific articles in international peer-reviewed journals. He is also serving as an editorial board member and a referee for several reputed international peer-reviewed journals. He has published edited books with numerous publishers and has authored over twenty book chapters. Mashallah Rezakazemi, PhD, received his doctorate from the University of Tehran (UT) in 2015. In his first appointment, he served as associate professor in the Faculty of Chemical and Materials Engineering at Shahrood University of Technology. He has co-authored in more than 140 highly cited journal publications, conference articles and book chapters. He has received numerous major awards and grants from various funding agencies in recognition of his research. Notable among these are Khwarizmi Youth Award from the Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), and the Outstanding Young Researcher Award in Chemical Engineering from the Academy of Sciences of Iran. He was named a top 1% most Highly Cited Researcher by Web of Science (ESI).
Inhaltsangabe
Preface xvii
1 Biocatalytic Processes for Biodiesel Production 1 Ubaid Mehmood, Faizan Muneer, Muhammad Riaz, Saba Sarfraz and Habibullah Nadeem
1.1 Introduction and Background 2
1.2 Importance of Biodiesel Over Conventional Diesel Fuel 3
1.3 Substrates for Biodiesel Production 4
1.4 Methods in Biodiesel Production 6
1.5 Types of Catalysts Involved in Biodiesel Production 7
1.6.1 Effect of Water in Enzyme Catalyzed Transesterification 9
1.6.2 Effect of Bioreactor 10
1.6.3 Effect of Acyl Acceptor on Enzymatic Production of Biodiesel 10
1.6.4 Effect of Temperature on Enzymatic Biodiesel Production 14
1.6.5 Effect of Glycerol on Enzymatic Biodiesel Production 14
1.6.6 Effect of Solvent on Biodiesel Production 16
1.7 Lipases as Biocatalysts for Biodiesel Production 17
1.7.1 Mechanisms of Lipase Action 19
1.7.2 Efficient Lipase Sources for Biodiesel Producing Biocatalyst 19
1.8 Comparative Analysis of Intracellular and Extracellular Lipases for Biodiesel Production 21
1.9 Recombinant Lipases for Cost-Effective Biodiesel Production 26
1.10 Immobilization of Lipases for Better Biodiesel Production 28
1.11 Recent Strategies to Improve Biodiesel Production 31
1.11.1 Combination of Lipases 31
1.11.2 Microwave and Ultrasonic-Assisted Reaction 33
1.12 Lipase Catalyzed Reaction Modeling and Statistical Approaches for Reaction Optimization 35
1.13 Conclusion and Summary 38
References 38
2 Application of Low-Frequency Ultrasound for Intensified Biodiesel Production Process 59 Mohd Razealy Anuar, Mohamed Hussein Abdurahman, Nor Irwin Basir and Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah
2.1 Current Fossil Fuel Scenario 60
2.2 Biodiesel 60
2.3 Transesterification 61
2.4 Challenges for Improved Biodiesel Production 62
2.5 Homogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production 63
2.6 Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production 64
2.7 Immiscibility of the Reactants 65
2.8 Ultrasound-Assisted Biodiesel Production Process 66
2.8.1 Fundamental Aspects of the Process 66
2.8.2 Homogeneously Catalyzed Ultrasound-Assisted System 69
2.8.3 Heterogeneously Catalyzed Ultrasound-Assisted System 72
2.8.3.1 Heterogeneously Acid Catalyzed System 72
2.8.3.2 Heterogeneous Based Catalyzed Ultrasound-Assisted System 74
2.8.3.3 Influence of Reaction Parameters 78
2.9 Conclusions 79
Acknowledgement 80
References 80
3 Application of Catalysts in Biodiesel Production 85 Anilkumar R. Gupta and Virendra K. Rathod
3.1 Introduction 85
3.2 Homogeneous Catalysis for the Biodiesel Production 89
3.2.1 Homogeneous Acid Catalyst 89
3.2.2 Homogeneous-Base Catalyst 93
3.3 Heterogeneous Catalyst 96
3.3.1 Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst 97
3.3.2 Heterogeneous-Base Catalyst 106
3.4 Biocatalysts 115
3.5 Conclusion 119
References 124
4 Hydrogenolysis as a Means of Valorization of Biodiesel-Derived Glycerol: A Review 137 Manjoro T.T., Adeniyi A. and Mbaya R.K.K.
4.1 Introduction 138
4.2 Ways of Valorization of Biodiesel-Derived Glycerol 139
4.2.1 Catalytic Conversion of Glycerol Into Value-Added Commodities 140
1.6.1 Effect of Water in Enzyme Catalyzed Transesterification 9
1.6.2 Effect of Bioreactor 10
1.6.3 Effect of Acyl Acceptor on Enzymatic Production of Biodiesel 10
1.6.4 Effect of Temperature on Enzymatic Biodiesel Production 14
1.6.5 Effect of Glycerol on Enzymatic Biodiesel Production 14
1.6.6 Effect of Solvent on Biodiesel Production 16
1.7 Lipases as Biocatalysts for Biodiesel Production 17
1.7.1 Mechanisms of Lipase Action 19
1.7.2 Efficient Lipase Sources for Biodiesel Producing Biocatalyst 19
1.8 Comparative Analysis of Intracellular and Extracellular Lipases for Biodiesel Production 21
1.9 Recombinant Lipases for Cost-Effective Biodiesel Production 26
1.10 Immobilization of Lipases for Better Biodiesel Production 28
1.11 Recent Strategies to Improve Biodiesel Production 31
1.11.1 Combination of Lipases 31
1.11.2 Microwave and Ultrasonic-Assisted Reaction 33
1.12 Lipase Catalyzed Reaction Modeling and Statistical Approaches for Reaction Optimization 35
1.13 Conclusion and Summary 38
References 38
2 Application of Low-Frequency Ultrasound for Intensified Biodiesel Production Process 59 Mohd Razealy Anuar, Mohamed Hussein Abdurahman, Nor Irwin Basir and Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah
2.1 Current Fossil Fuel Scenario 60
2.2 Biodiesel 60
2.3 Transesterification 61
2.4 Challenges for Improved Biodiesel Production 62
2.5 Homogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production 63
2.6 Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production 64
2.7 Immiscibility of the Reactants 65
2.8 Ultrasound-Assisted Biodiesel Production Process 66
2.8.1 Fundamental Aspects of the Process 66
2.8.2 Homogeneously Catalyzed Ultrasound-Assisted System 69
2.8.3 Heterogeneously Catalyzed Ultrasound-Assisted System 72
2.8.3.1 Heterogeneously Acid Catalyzed System 72
2.8.3.2 Heterogeneous Based Catalyzed Ultrasound-Assisted System 74
2.8.3.3 Influence of Reaction Parameters 78
2.9 Conclusions 79
Acknowledgement 80
References 80
3 Application of Catalysts in Biodiesel Production 85 Anilkumar R. Gupta and Virendra K. Rathod
3.1 Introduction 85
3.2 Homogeneous Catalysis for the Biodiesel Production 89
3.2.1 Homogeneous Acid Catalyst 89
3.2.2 Homogeneous-Base Catalyst 93
3.3 Heterogeneous Catalyst 96
3.3.1 Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst 97
3.3.2 Heterogeneous-Base Catalyst 106
3.4 Biocatalysts 115
3.5 Conclusion 119
References 124
4 Hydrogenolysis as a Means of Valorization of Biodiesel-Derived Glycerol: A Review 137 Manjoro T.T., Adeniyi A. and Mbaya R.K.K.
4.1 Introduction 138
4.2 Ways of Valorization of Biodiesel-Derived Glycerol 139
4.2.1 Catalytic Conversion of Glycerol Into Value-Added Commodities 140
4.2.1.1 Catalytic Oxidation of Glycerol 140
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