Voices from the Coca Fields (eBook, PDF)

Women Building Rural Communities

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Colombia's response to the country's drug problem has been based on the repression of the weakest links in the drug chain-namely consumers and small farmers-which has led to disproportionate rates of imprisonment and has involved a heavy focus on forced crop eradication. Not only has such an approach failed to effectively control the cocaine market, but it has also unleashed harmful side effects in terms of security, social development, and human rights as they concern communities in coca-growing areas. Moreover, although scholars and practitioners have analyzed Colombia's drug problem from a variety of perspectives, these efforts have tended to overlook women's experiences. This report explores the ways that rural norms, gender structures, the armed conflict, and illegal markets have played out in the lives of women coca growers in Colombia's Andes-Amazon region, an area distinguished by the presence of illegal armed groups, violence, poverty, and weak state institutions. In this region of Colombia, coca cultivation has offered an important source of income for rural families, which in turn has affected women's roles in society and has placed them in a vulnerable position vis- à-vis armed actors. The Andes-Amazon region is an area where the country's war on drugs and its armed conflict converged and unmasked the gender structures dominating the countryside. These structures affected rural women in various ways: through everyday violence, the fumigation of illicit and licit crops alike, and women's stigmatization due to their involvement in an illegal trade. But coca was also a source of livelihood that helped them attain economic independence and gave them the ability to improve their well-being and that of their families. The recent peace accord signed between the Colombian government and the country's main guerrilla group represents a historic opportunity to learn from past mistakes in terms of the illicit crop problem and the social and political demands of coca-growing communities. Against this backdrop, it is time to recognize the contributions that women coca growers have made in both the public and the private spheres toward the construction of a peaceful countryside in the most remote and forgotten regions of the country.

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Ana Jimena Bautista-Revelo Holds a law degree with a specialty in constitutional law from the University of Cauca, as well as a master's degree in human rights and democracy in Latin America from Andina Simón Bolívar University. She is currently pursuing a master's in sociology at the National University of Colombia. She has worked at nongovernmental organizations and as an advisor to Colombia's Congress on issues concerning women's rights, the rights of victims of the armed conflict, and environmental conflicts. In addition, she worked at Dejusticia as a gender researcher and in the litigation area. Currently, she is an advisor to the attorney responsible for agrarian and land restitution issues at the Office of the Inspector General. Blanca Capacho-Niño Holds a law degree from the University of Santo Tomás in Bucaramanga, as well as master's degrees in fundamental rights from the Charles III University of Madrid and in development and humanitarian assistance from Sorbonne University. She worked for eight years in Colombia's Congress, where she focused on issues related to human rights and constitutional guarantees, land management, and strategies and policies for pea__ce. In particular, she coordinated the legislative process for the country's 2011 Victims and Land Restitution Law. Her areas of interest center on the rights of victims of the conflict, women's rights, and peacebuilding. She also previously served as an assistant researcher on gender at Dejusticia. Luis Felipe Cruz-Olivera Holds a law degree from the National University of Colombia, where he is also currently pursuing a degree in sociology. His area of expertise centers on the history of Colombia's armed conflict and its linkages to the drug trade. He has also researched issues such as human rights guarantees, criminal procedure, penitentiary systems, the quality of life in regions with coca crops, and the impact of Colombia's drug policy on the social rights of cocalero communities. He is currently a drug policy researcher at Dejusticia, as well as a member of the coordination team for the Research Consortium on Drugs and the Law. Margarita Martínez-Osorio Holds degrees in philosophy and history from the University of El Rosario. Her research interests center on gender, political theory, feminisms, and armed conflict. Since 2014, she has been a lecturer at the University of El Rosario's School of Human Sciences. She is also a gender researcher at Dejusticia. Isabel Pereira-Arana Holds a bachelor's degree in political science from the University of Los Andes and a master's degree in development studies with an emphasis on conflict and peacebuilding from the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva. Her research focuses on the impact of drug policies on rural development, public health, and armed conflicts. She is currently the research coordinator for drug policy at Dejusticia, where she places special emphasis on access to controlled medicines and the implications of Colombia's peace process for the country's drug policies. Previously, she worked on international development projects in conflict-affected regions of Colombia and as an advisor to the national government on multilateral negotiations. Lucía Ramírez-Bolívar Holds a law degree with a specialty in constitutional law from the National University of Colombia and a master's degree in social work with an emphasis on international social work, poverty, and inequality from the University of Chicago. She has worked as a human rights researcher, professor, litigator, and activist-particularly on the issues of forced migration and women's rights-at international development agencies and nongovernmental organizations in Colombia and the United States. She is currently Dejusticia's Coordinator of migration research.