Christiano Castelfranchi, Rino Falcone

Trust Theory (eBook, PDF)

A Socio-Cognitive and Computational Model

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

This book provides an introduction, discussion, and formal-based modelling of trust theory and its applications in agent-based systems This book gives an accessible explanation of the importance of trust in human interaction and, in general, in autonomous cognitive agents including autonomous technologies. The authors explain the concepts of trust, and describe a principled, general theory of trust grounded on cognitive, cultural, institutional, technical, and normative solutions. This provides a strong base for the author's discussion of role of trust in agent-based systems supporting human-computer interaction and distributed and virtual organizations or markets (multi-agent systems). Key Features: * Provides an accessible introduction to trust, and its importance and applications in agent-based systems * Proposes a principled, general theory of trust grounding on cognitive, cultural, institutional, technical, and normative solutions. * Offers a clear, intuitive approach, and systematic integration of relevant issues * Explains the dynamics of trust, and the relationship between trust and security * Offers operational definitions and models directly applicable both in technical and experimental domains * Includes a critical examination of trust models in economics, philosophy, psychology, sociology, and AI This book will be a valuable reference for researchers and advanced students focused on information and communication technologies (computer science, artificial intelligence, organizational sciences, and knowledge management etc.), as well as Web-site and robotics designers, and for scholars working on human, social, and cultural aspects of technology. Professionals of ecommerce systems and peer-to-peer systems will also find this text of interest.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 386
• Erscheinungstermin: 6. April 2010
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9780470519844
• Artikelnr.: 37294834

Autorenporträt

Cristiano Castelfranchi is full professor of Cognitive Sciences at the University of Siena, Italy, and Director of the Institute of the Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (ISTC) of the Italian National Research Council (CNR). Cristiano has a background in linguistics and psychology, and is active in the Multi-Agent Systems, Social Simulation, and Cognitive Science communities. He was program chair of AAMAS 2002, and is chair of several international workshops. He has published 11 books (3 in English), and more than 150 conference and journal articles. Rino Falcone is Leader Researcher for the T3 (Trust Theory and Technology) group at the Institute of the Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (ISTC) of the Italian National Research Council (CNR). His scientific interests include Natural Language Processing, Plan Recognition, Multi-agent Systems and Agent Theory. Rino has published more than 100 conference and journal articles, organized several international conferences, and edited several special issues of international journal on these topics.

Inhaltsangabe

Foreword. Introduction. 1 Definitions of Trust: From Conceptual Components
to the General Core. 1.1 A Content Analysis. 1.2 Missed Components and
Obscure Links. 1.3 Intentional Action and Lack of Controllability: Relying
on What is Beyond Our Power. 1.4 Two Intertwined Notions of Trust: Trust as
Attitude vs. Trust as Act. 1.5 A Critique of Some Significant Definitions
of Trust. References. 2 Socio-Cognitive Model of Trust: Basic Ingredients.
2.1 A Five-Part Relation and a Layered Model. 2.2 Trust as Mental Attitude:
a Belief-Based and Goal-Based Model. 2.3 Expectations: Their Nature and
Cognitive Anatomy. 2.4 'No Danger': Negative or Passive or Defensive Trust.
2.5 Weakening the Belief-Base: Implicit Beliefs, Acceptances, and Trust
by-Default. 2.6 From Disposition to Action. 2.7 Can we Decide to Trust?.
2.8 Risk, Investment and Bet. 2.9 Trust and Delegation. 2.10 The Other
Parts of the Relation: the Delegated Task and the Context. 2.11 Genuine
Social Trust: Trust and Adoption. 2.12 Resuming the Model. References. 3
Socio-Cognitive Model of Trust: Quantitative Aspects. 3.1 Degrees of Trust:
a Principled Quantification of Trust. 3.2 Relationships between Trust in
Beliefs and Trust in Action and Delegation. 3.3 A Belief-Based Degree of
Trust. 3.4 To Trust or Not to Trust: Degrees of Trust and Decision to
Trust. 3.5 Positive Trust is not Enough: a Variable Threshold for Risk
Acceptance/Avoidance. 3.6 Generalizing the Trust Decision to a Set of
Agents. 3.7 When Trust is Too Few or Too Much. 3.8 Conclusions. References.
4 The Negative Side: Lack of Trust, Implicit Trust, Mistrust, Doubts and
Diffidence. 4.1 From Lack of Trust to Diffidence: Not Simply a Matter of
Degree. 4.2 Lack of Trust. 4.3 The Complete Picture. 4.4 In Sum. 4.5 Trust
and Fear. 4.6 Implicit and by Default Forms of Trust. 4.7 Insufficient
Trust. 4.8 Trust on Credit: The Game of Ignorance. References. 5 The
Affective and Intuitive Forms of Trust: The Confidence We Inspire. 5.1 Two
Forms of 'Evaluation'. 5.2 The Dual Nature of Valence: Cognitive
Evaluations Versus Intuitive Appraisal. 5.3 Evaluations. 5.4 Appraisal. 5.5
Relationships Between Appraisal and Evaluation. 5.6 Trust as Feeling. 5.7
Trust Disposition as an Emotion and Trust Action as an Impulse. 5.8 Basing
Trust on the Emotions of the Other. 5.9 The Possible Affective Base of
'Generalized Trust' and 'Trust Atmosphere'. 5.10 Layers and Paths. 5.11
Conclusions About Trust and Emotions. References. 6 Dynamics of Trust. 6.1
Mental Ingredients in Trust Dynamics. 6.2 Experience as an Interpretation
Process: Causal Attribution for Trust. 6.3 Changing the Trustee's
Trustworthiness. 6.4 The Dynamics of Reciprocal Trust and Distrust. 6.5 The
Diffusion of Trust: Authority, Example, Contagion, Web of Trust. 6.6 Trust
Through Transfer and Generalization. 6.7 The Relativity of Trust: Reasons
for Trust Crisis. 6.8 Concluding Remarks. References. 7 Trust, Control and
Autonomy: A Dialectic Relationship. 7.1 Trust and Control: A Complex
Relationship. 7.2 Adjusting Autonomy and Delegation on the Basis of Trust
in Y. 7.3 Conclusions. References. 8 The Economic Reductionism and Trust
(Ir)rationality. 8.1 Irrational Basis for Trust? 8.2 Is Trust an
'Optimistic' and Irrational Attitude and Decision? 8.3 Is Trust Just the
Subjective Probability of the Favorable Event? 8.4 Trust in Game Theory:
from Opportunism to Reciprocity. 8.5 Trust Game: A Procuste's Bed for Trust
Theory. 8.6 Does Trust Presuppose Reciprocity? 8.7 The Varieties of Trust
Responsiveness. 8.8 Trusting as Signaling. 8.9 Concluding Remarks.
References. 9 The Glue of Society. 9.1 Why Trust is the 'Glue of Society'.
9.2 Trust and Social Order. 9.3 How the Action of Trust Acquires the Social
Function of Creating Trust. 9.4 From Micro to Macro: a Web of Trust. 9.5
Trust and Contracts. 9.6 Is Trust Based on Norms? 9.7 Trust: The Catalyst
of Institutions. References. 10 On the Trustee's Side: Trust As Relational
Capital. 10.1 Trust and Relational Capital. 10.2 Cognitive Model of Being
Trusted. 10.3 Dynamics of Relational Capital. 10.4 From Trust Relational
Capital to Reputational Capital. 10.5 Conclusions. References. 11 A Fuzzy
Implementation for the Socio-Cognitive Approach to Trust. 11.1 Using a
Fuzzy Approach. 11.2 Scenarios. 11.3 Belief Sources. 11.4 Building Belief
Sources. 11.5 Implementation with Nested FCMs. 11.6 Converging and
Diverging Belief Sources. 11.7 Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Sources. 11.8
Modeling Beliefs and Sources. 11.9 Overview of the Implementation. 11.10
Description of the Model. 11.11 Running the Model. 11.12 Experimental
Setting. 11.13 Learning Mechanisms. 11.14 Contract Nets for Evaluating
Agent Trustworthiness. References. 12 Trust and Technology. 12.1 Main
Difference Between Security and Trust. 12.2 Trust Models and Technology.
12.3 Concluding Remarks. References . 13 Concluding Remarks and Pointers.
13.1 Against Reductionism . 13.2 Neuro-Trust and the Need for a Theoretical
Model. 13.3 Trust, Institutions, Politics (Some Pills of Reflection).
References. Index.