Isaac Newton

The Principia (eBook, ePUB)

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

First published in Latin in 1687, "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy", commonly referred to as "The Principia", is the groundbreaking work of science and mathematics by Isaac Newton. Consisting of three books, "The Principia" was updated twice by Newton during his lifetime, with new editions published in 1713 and 1726, as he further refined and expanded his ideas. "The Principia" introduced Newton's laws of motion and his law of universal gravitation that explained the motion of all the bodies in the solar system, an area of science that had previously been incomplete and poorly understood. Newton's seminal work established the foundation for classical mechanics and is considered one of the most important and influential scientific books ever published. The theories and formulas created and explained in "The Principia" comprised the basis for a new field of mathematics now known as calculus. While some of his contemporaries were reluctant to accept Newton's ideas, by the end of the seventeenth century the scientific understanding of the mechanics of our physical world was entirely transformed. Newton's ideas revolutionized the study of physics and astronomy and continue to be studied and expanded upon by modern scientists. This edition follows the translation of Andrew Motte.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Neeland Media LLC
• Erscheinungstermin: 12. Juli 2020
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781420974157
• Artikelnr.: 62241680

Autorenporträt

Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 - 20 March 1726/27) was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian, and author (described in his own day as a "natural philosopher") who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time and as a key figure in the scientific revolution. His book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), first published in 1687, laid the foundations of classical mechanics. Newton also made seminal contributions to optics, and shares credit with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz for developing the infinitesimal calculus. In Principia, Newton formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation that formed the dominant scientific viewpoint until it was superseded by the theory of relativity. Newton used his mathematical description of gravity to prove Kepler's laws of planetary motion, account for tides, the trajectories of comets, the precession of the equinoxes and other phenomena, eradicating doubt about the Solar System's heliocentricity. He demonstrated that the motion of objects on Earth and celestial bodies could be accounted for by the same principles. Newton's inference that the Earth is an oblate spheroid was later confirmed by the geodetic measurements of Maupertuis, La Condamine, and others, convincing most European scientists of the superiority of Newtonian mechanics over earlier systems.Newton built the first practical reflecting telescope and developed a sophisticated theory of colour based on the observation that a prism separates white light into the colours of the visible spectrum. His work on light was collected in his highly influential book Opticks, published in 1704. He also formulated an empirical law of cooling, made the first theoretical calculation of the speed of sound and introduced the notion of a Newtonian fluid. In addition to his work on calculus, as a mathematician Newton contributed to the study of power series, generalised the binomial theorem to non-integer exponents, developed a method for approximating the roots of a function, and classified most of the cubic plane curves. Newton was a fellow of Trinity College and the second Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge. He was a devout but unorthodox Christian who privately rejected the doctrine of the Trinity. Unusually for a member of the Cambridge faculty of the day, he refused to take holy orders in the Church of England. Beyond his work on the mathematical sciences, Newton dedicated much of his time to the study of alchemy and biblical chronology, but most of his work in those areas remained unpublished until long after his death. Politically and personally tied to the Whig party, Newton served two brief terms as Member of Parliament for the University of Cambridge, in 1689-90 and 1701-02. He was knighted by Queen Anne in 1705 and spent the last three decades of his life in London, serving as Warden (1696-1700) and Master (1700-1727) of the Royal Mint, as well as president of the Royal Society (1703-1727).