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Africa has the longest and arguably the most diverse archaeological record of any of the continents. It is where the human lineage first evolved and from where Homo sapiens spread across the rest of the world. Later, it witnessed novel experiments in food-production and unique trajectories to urbanism and the organisation of large communities that were not always structured along strictly hierarchical lines. Millennia of engagement with societies in other parts of the world confirm Africa's active participation in the construction of the modern world, while the richness of its history,…mehr
Africa has the longest and arguably the most diverse archaeological record of any of the continents. It is where the human lineage first evolved and from where Homo sapiens spread across the rest of the world. Later, it witnessed novel experiments in food-production and unique trajectories to urbanism and the organisation of large communities that were not always structured along strictly hierarchical lines. Millennia of engagement with societies in other parts of the world confirm Africa's active participation in the construction of the modern world, while the richness of its history, ethnography, and linguistics provide unusually powerful opportunities for constructing interdisciplinary narratives of Africa's past. This Handbook provides a comprehensive and up-to-date synthesis of African archaeology, covering the entirety of the continent's past from the beginnings of human evolution to the archaeological legacy of European colonialism. As well as covering almost all periods and regions of the continent, it includes a mixture of key methodological and theoretical issues and debates, and situates the subject's contemporary practice within the discipline's history and the infrastructural challenges now facing its practitioners. Bringing together essays on all these themes from over seventy contributors, many of them living and working in Africa, it offers a highly accessible, contemporary account of the subject for use by scholars and students of not only archaeology, but also history, anthropology, and other disciplines.
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Peter Mitchell is Professor of African Archaeology, Tutor and Fellow at St Hugh's College, Oxford, and Honorary Research Associate, GAES, at the University of the Witwatersrand. From 2004 until 2006 he served as President of the Society of Africanist Archaeologists, and since 2006 has been Honrary Secretary of the British Institute in Eastern Africa. Paul Lane is Senior Lecturer in Archaeology at the University of York and Honary Research Associate, GAES, at the University of the Witwatersrand. From 2008 to 2010 he served as President of the Society of Africanist Archaeologists.
Inhaltsangabe
* List of Figures * List of Tables * List of Contributors * Part 1: Introduction * 1: Peter Mitchell and Paul Lane: Introducing African Archaeology * Part II: Doing African Archaeology: Theory, Method, Practice * 2: Graham Connah: Archaeological Practice in Africa: A Historical Perspective * 3: Peter Schmidt: Oral History, Oral Traditions, and Archaeology: The Application of Structural Analyses * 4: Roger Blench: Language, Linguistics, and Archaeology: Their Integration in the Study of African Prehistory * 5: Scott MacEachern: Genetics and Archaeology * 6: Ceri Ashley: Archaeology and Migration in Africa * 7: Diane Lyons: Ethnoarchaeological Research in Africa * 8: Christian Tryon: Studying African Stone Tools * 9: Olivier Gosselain and Alexandre Livingstone-Smith): A Century of Ceramic Studies in Africa * 10: Shadrack Chirikure: The Archaeology of African Metalworking * 11: Benjamin Smith: Rock Art Research in Africa * 12: Timothy Insoll: The Archaeology of Ritual and Religions in Africa * 13: Stepahnie Wynne-Jones: Material Culture, Space, and Identity * 14: Jeff Fleisher: Landscape Archaeology * 15: Colin Breen: Maritime Archaeology in Africa * 16: Noemie Arazi and Ibrahima Thiaw: Managing Africa's Archaeological Heritage * 17: Chapurukha Kusimba and Carla Klehm: Museums and Public Archaeology in Africa * 18: Amanda Esterhuysen and Paul Lane: Archaeology and Education * 19: John Giblin: Politics, Ideology, and Indigenous Perspectives * Part III: Becoming Human * 20: Robert Foley: Hominin Evolution as the Context for African Prehistory * 21: Manuel Dominguez-Rodrigo: The Oldowan: Early Hominins and the Beginning of Human Culture * 22: Mohamed Sahnouni, Sileshi Semaw and Michael Rogers: The African Acheulean: An Archaeological Summary * 23: Marta Lahr: Genetic and Fossil Evidence for Modern Human Origins * 24: Lawrence Barham: Beyond Modernity * Part IV: Hunters, Gatherers, and Intensifiers: The Diversity of African Foragers * 25: Lyn Wadley: Theoretical Frameworks for Understanding African Hunter-Gatherers * 26: Marlize Lombard: Hunter-Gatherers in Southern Africa before 20,000 years ago * 27: Laura Basell: The Middle Stone Age of Eastern Africa * 28: Els Cornelissen: Hunting and Gathering in Africa's Tropical Forests at the end of the Pleistocene and in the Early Holocene * 29: Elena Garcea: Hunter-Gatherers of the Nile Valley and the Sahara before 12,000 years ago * 30: Nick Barton and Abdeljalil Bouzouggar: Hunter-Gatherers of the Maghreb: 25,000-6000 years ago * 31: Barbara Barich: Hunter-Gatherer-Fishers of the Sahara and the Sahel 12,000-4000 years ago * 32: Sibel Barut Kusimba: Hunter-Gatherer-Fishers of Eastern and South-Central Africa since 20,000 years ago * 33: Peter Mitchell: Southern African Hunter-Gatherers of the last 25,000 years * Part V: Food for Thought: The Archaeology of African Pastoralist and Farming Communities * 34: Diane Gifford-Gonzalez and Olivier Hanotte: Domesticating Animals in Africa * 35: Dorian Fuller and Elizabeth Hildebrand: Domesticating Plants in Africa * 36: Savino Di Lernia: The Emergence and Spread of Herding in Northern Africa: A Critical Reappraisal * 37: Randi Haaland and Gunnar Haaland: Early Farming Societies Along the Nile * 38: Peter Breunig: Pathways to Food-Production in the Sahel * 39: Matthew Curtis: Archaeological Evidence for the Emergence of Food-Production in the Horn of Africa * 40: Paul Lane: The Archaeology of Pastoralism and Stock-Keeping in East Africa * 41: Joanna Casey: The Stone to Metal Age in West Africa * 42: Bertram Mapunda: The Appearance and Development of Metallurgy South of the Sahara * 43: Pierre de Maret: Archaeologies of the Bantu Expansion * 44: Karim Sadr: The Archaeology of Herding in Southernmost Africa * 45: Peter Mitchell: Early Farming Communities of Southern and South-Central Africa * 46: Daryl Stump: The Archaeology of Agricultural Intensification in Africa * Part VI: Power, Prestige, and Consumption: African Towns and States and their Neighbours * 47: Paul Sinclair: The Archaeology of African Urbanism * 48: Cameron Monroe: The Archaeology of the Pre-Colonial State in Africa * 49: Matthew Davies: The Archaeology of Clan- and Lineage-Based Societies in Africa * 50: Ian Shaw: Pharaonic Egypt * 51: Derek Welsby: Kerma and Kush and their Neighbours * 52: Fares Moussa: Berber, Phoenicio-Punic, and Greek North Africa * 53: Anna Leone and Fares Moussa: Roman Africa and the Sahara * 54: David Edwards: Medieval and Post-Medieval States of the Nile Valley * 55: David Phillipson: Complex Societies of the Eritrean/Ethiopian Highlands and their Neighbours * 56: Said Ennahid: States, Trade, and Ethnicities in the Maghrib * 57: Kevin MacDonald: Complex Societies, Urbanism, and Trade in the Western Sahel * 58: Detlef Gronenborn: States and Trade in the Central Sahel * 59: Akin Ogundiran: Towns and States of the West African Forest Belt * 60: Pierre de Maret: Recent Farming Communities and States in the Congo Basin and its Environs * 61: Andrew ReidNDREW REID: The Emergence of States in Great Lakes Africa * 62: Adria Laviolette: The Swahili World * 63: Innocent Pikirayi: The Zimbabwe Culture and its Neighbours: Origins, Development, and Consequences of Social Complexity in Southern Africa * 64: Alex Schoeman: Southern African Late Farming Communities * 65: Chantal Radimilahy: Madagascar from Initial Settlement to the Growth of Kingdoms * Part VII: African Societies and the Modern World System * 66: Intisar El Zein: The Archaeology of the Ottoman Empire in Northern and Northeastern Africa * 67: Natalie Swanepoel: Contexts of Interaction: The Archaeology of European Exploration and Expansion in Western and Southern Africa in Comparative Perspective * 68: Ibrahima Thiaw and François Richard: An archaeological Perspective on West Africa and the Post-1500 Atlantic World * 69: Ken Kelly: Connecting the Archaeologies of the Atlantic World: Africa and the African Diasporas * 70: Sarah croucher: The Archaeology of Colonial Encounters in Eastern Africa * Index
* List of Figures * List of Tables * List of Contributors * Part 1: Introduction * 1: Peter Mitchell and Paul Lane: Introducing African Archaeology * Part II: Doing African Archaeology: Theory, Method, Practice * 2: Graham Connah: Archaeological Practice in Africa: A Historical Perspective * 3: Peter Schmidt: Oral History, Oral Traditions, and Archaeology: The Application of Structural Analyses * 4: Roger Blench: Language, Linguistics, and Archaeology: Their Integration in the Study of African Prehistory * 5: Scott MacEachern: Genetics and Archaeology * 6: Ceri Ashley: Archaeology and Migration in Africa * 7: Diane Lyons: Ethnoarchaeological Research in Africa * 8: Christian Tryon: Studying African Stone Tools * 9: Olivier Gosselain and Alexandre Livingstone-Smith): A Century of Ceramic Studies in Africa * 10: Shadrack Chirikure: The Archaeology of African Metalworking * 11: Benjamin Smith: Rock Art Research in Africa * 12: Timothy Insoll: The Archaeology of Ritual and Religions in Africa * 13: Stepahnie Wynne-Jones: Material Culture, Space, and Identity * 14: Jeff Fleisher: Landscape Archaeology * 15: Colin Breen: Maritime Archaeology in Africa * 16: Noemie Arazi and Ibrahima Thiaw: Managing Africa's Archaeological Heritage * 17: Chapurukha Kusimba and Carla Klehm: Museums and Public Archaeology in Africa * 18: Amanda Esterhuysen and Paul Lane: Archaeology and Education * 19: John Giblin: Politics, Ideology, and Indigenous Perspectives * Part III: Becoming Human * 20: Robert Foley: Hominin Evolution as the Context for African Prehistory * 21: Manuel Dominguez-Rodrigo: The Oldowan: Early Hominins and the Beginning of Human Culture * 22: Mohamed Sahnouni, Sileshi Semaw and Michael Rogers: The African Acheulean: An Archaeological Summary * 23: Marta Lahr: Genetic and Fossil Evidence for Modern Human Origins * 24: Lawrence Barham: Beyond Modernity * Part IV: Hunters, Gatherers, and Intensifiers: The Diversity of African Foragers * 25: Lyn Wadley: Theoretical Frameworks for Understanding African Hunter-Gatherers * 26: Marlize Lombard: Hunter-Gatherers in Southern Africa before 20,000 years ago * 27: Laura Basell: The Middle Stone Age of Eastern Africa * 28: Els Cornelissen: Hunting and Gathering in Africa's Tropical Forests at the end of the Pleistocene and in the Early Holocene * 29: Elena Garcea: Hunter-Gatherers of the Nile Valley and the Sahara before 12,000 years ago * 30: Nick Barton and Abdeljalil Bouzouggar: Hunter-Gatherers of the Maghreb: 25,000-6000 years ago * 31: Barbara Barich: Hunter-Gatherer-Fishers of the Sahara and the Sahel 12,000-4000 years ago * 32: Sibel Barut Kusimba: Hunter-Gatherer-Fishers of Eastern and South-Central Africa since 20,000 years ago * 33: Peter Mitchell: Southern African Hunter-Gatherers of the last 25,000 years * Part V: Food for Thought: The Archaeology of African Pastoralist and Farming Communities * 34: Diane Gifford-Gonzalez and Olivier Hanotte: Domesticating Animals in Africa * 35: Dorian Fuller and Elizabeth Hildebrand: Domesticating Plants in Africa * 36: Savino Di Lernia: The Emergence and Spread of Herding in Northern Africa: A Critical Reappraisal * 37: Randi Haaland and Gunnar Haaland: Early Farming Societies Along the Nile * 38: Peter Breunig: Pathways to Food-Production in the Sahel * 39: Matthew Curtis: Archaeological Evidence for the Emergence of Food-Production in the Horn of Africa * 40: Paul Lane: The Archaeology of Pastoralism and Stock-Keeping in East Africa * 41: Joanna Casey: The Stone to Metal Age in West Africa * 42: Bertram Mapunda: The Appearance and Development of Metallurgy South of the Sahara * 43: Pierre de Maret: Archaeologies of the Bantu Expansion * 44: Karim Sadr: The Archaeology of Herding in Southernmost Africa * 45: Peter Mitchell: Early Farming Communities of Southern and South-Central Africa * 46: Daryl Stump: The Archaeology of Agricultural Intensification in Africa * Part VI: Power, Prestige, and Consumption: African Towns and States and their Neighbours * 47: Paul Sinclair: The Archaeology of African Urbanism * 48: Cameron Monroe: The Archaeology of the Pre-Colonial State in Africa * 49: Matthew Davies: The Archaeology of Clan- and Lineage-Based Societies in Africa * 50: Ian Shaw: Pharaonic Egypt * 51: Derek Welsby: Kerma and Kush and their Neighbours * 52: Fares Moussa: Berber, Phoenicio-Punic, and Greek North Africa * 53: Anna Leone and Fares Moussa: Roman Africa and the Sahara * 54: David Edwards: Medieval and Post-Medieval States of the Nile Valley * 55: David Phillipson: Complex Societies of the Eritrean/Ethiopian Highlands and their Neighbours * 56: Said Ennahid: States, Trade, and Ethnicities in the Maghrib * 57: Kevin MacDonald: Complex Societies, Urbanism, and Trade in the Western Sahel * 58: Detlef Gronenborn: States and Trade in the Central Sahel * 59: Akin Ogundiran: Towns and States of the West African Forest Belt * 60: Pierre de Maret: Recent Farming Communities and States in the Congo Basin and its Environs * 61: Andrew ReidNDREW REID: The Emergence of States in Great Lakes Africa * 62: Adria Laviolette: The Swahili World * 63: Innocent Pikirayi: The Zimbabwe Culture and its Neighbours: Origins, Development, and Consequences of Social Complexity in Southern Africa * 64: Alex Schoeman: Southern African Late Farming Communities * 65: Chantal Radimilahy: Madagascar from Initial Settlement to the Growth of Kingdoms * Part VII: African Societies and the Modern World System * 66: Intisar El Zein: The Archaeology of the Ottoman Empire in Northern and Northeastern Africa * 67: Natalie Swanepoel: Contexts of Interaction: The Archaeology of European Exploration and Expansion in Western and Southern Africa in Comparative Perspective * 68: Ibrahima Thiaw and François Richard: An archaeological Perspective on West Africa and the Post-1500 Atlantic World * 69: Ken Kelly: Connecting the Archaeologies of the Atlantic World: Africa and the African Diasporas * 70: Sarah croucher: The Archaeology of Colonial Encounters in Eastern Africa * Index
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