Ramesha Chandrappa, Diganta B. Das

Sustainable Water Engineering (eBook, PDF)

Theory and Practice

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

Ensuring safe and plentiful supplies of potable water (both now and for future generations) and developing sustainable treatment processes for wastewater are among the world's greatest engineering challenges. However, sustainability requires investment of money, time and knowledge. Some parts of the world are already working towards this goal but many nations have neither the political will nor the resources to tackle even basic provision and sanitation. Combining theory and practice from the developing and developed worlds with high- and low-tech, high- and low-cost solutions, this book discusses fundamental and advanced aspects of water engineering and includes: * water resource issues including climate change, water scarcity, economic and financial aspects * requirements for sustainable water systems * fundamentals of treatment and process design * industrial water use and wastewater treatment * sustainable effluent disposal * sustainable construction principles With integrated theory, design and operation specifications for each treatment process, this book addresses the extent to which various treatment methods work in theory as well as how cost effective they are in practice. It provides a nontechnical guide on how to recover and reuse water from effluent, which is suitable for those in water resource management, environmental planning, civil and chemical engineering.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 432
• Erscheinungstermin: 12. Juni 2014
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781118541012
• Artikelnr.: 41086222

Autorenporträt

Ramesha Chandrappa, Karnataka State Pollution Control Board, India Diganta B. Das, Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, UK

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xi Abbreviations xiii Glossary xvii 1 Water Crisis 1 1.1 Water
Resource Issues 6 1.1.1 Water Footprint 8 1.2 Climate Change and Its
Influence on Global Water Resources 9 1.3 Protection and Enhancement of
Natural Watershed and Aquifer Environments 12 1.4 Water Engineering for
Sustainable Coastal and Offshore Environments 12 1.5 Endangering World
Peace and Security 13 1.6 Awareness among Decision Makers and the Public
across the World 15 1.7 Criteria for Sustainable Water Management 16 1.8
Water Scarcity and Millennium Development Goals 18 1.9 Lack of Access to
Clean Drinking Water and Sanitation 19 1.10 Fragmentation of Water
Management 20 1.11 Economics and Financial Aspects 22 1.11.1 Water
Treatment and Distribution 24 1.11.2 Wastewater Treatment, Collection and
Disposal 27 1.12 Legal Aspects 28 References 30 2 Requirements for the
Sustainability of Water Systems 35 2.1 History of Water Distribution and
Wastewater Collection 38 2.2 Integrated Water Management 40 2.3 Sewerage
Treatment and Urban Pollution Management 44 2.4 Conventional Water Supply
45 2.4.1 Features 49 2.4.2 Capacity and Pressure Requirements 50 2.4.3
Design and Hydraulic Analysis of Distribution System 52 2.4.4 Unsustainable
Characteristics 55 2.4.5 Sustainable Approach 64 2.5 Conventional
Wastewater Collection Systems 71 2.5.1 Features 71 2.5.2 Unsustainable
Characteristics 77 2.5.3 Sustainable Approach 79 References 80 3 Water
Quality Issues 83 3.1 Water-Related Diseases 84 3.1.1 Transmission Vectors
85 3.1.2 Field Testing and Monitoring 85 3.1.3 Village-Level Monitoring 89
3.2 Selection Options for Water Supply Source 89 3.2.1 Spring Capping 91
3.2.2 Simple Tube Wells 93 3.2.3 Hand Pumps 95 3.2.4 Rainwater Harvesting
95 3.2.5 Fog and Dew Harvesting 98 3.2.6 Snow Harvesting 99 3.3 On-Site
Sanitation 99 3.3.1 Latrines 99 3.3.2 Septic Tanks 103 3.3.3 Aqua Privies
103 3.3.4 Oxidation Pond Treatment Systems 103 3.3.5 Storm Drainage 105 3.4
Water Quality Characteristics of Potable Drinking Water and Wastewater
Effluents 110 3.4.1 Physical Parameters 110 3.4.2 Chemical Parameters 113
3.4.3 Solids in Water 127 3.4.4 Biological Parameters 139 3.5 Standards and
Consents 147 3.5.1 Potable Water Standards 147 3.5.2 Wastewater Effluent
Standards 148 3.6 Kinetics of Biochemical Oxygen Demand 149 3.7 Water
Management for Wildlife Conservation 149 3.8 Water-Quality Deterioration
152 References 153 4 Fundamentals of Treatment and Process Design, and
Sustainability 163 4.1 History of Water and Wastewater Treatment Regulatory
Issues across the World 164 4.1.1 Low-Tech versus Hi-Tech 165 4.1.2 Low
Cost versus High Cost 167 4.2 Design Principles for Sustainable Treatment
Systems 168 4.2.1 Low Carbon 168 4.2.2 Low Energy 168 4.2.3 Low Chemical
Use 172 4.2.4 Modelling of Treatment Processes to Attain Sustainability 172
4.2.5 Operation, Management, Financial, Socio-Economic Aspect 173 4.3
Preliminary and Primary Treatment 174 4.3.1 Screening 174 4.3.2
Coarse-Solid Reduction 174 4.3.3 Grease Removal Chamber 174 4.3.4 Flow
Equalization 177 4.3.5 Mixing and Flocculation 177 4.3.6 Sedimentation 180
4.3.7 Flotation 183 4.4 Secondary Treatment 185 4.4.1 Biological Treatment
185 4.4.2 Vermifiltration 202 4.4.3 Chemical Treatment 202 4.5 Tertiary
Treatment 203 4.5.1 Filtration 203 4.5.2 Activated Carbon Treatment 205
4.5.3 Ion Exchange 206 4.5.4 Forward and Reverse Osmosis, Membrane
Filtration, Membrane Bioreactor, Membrane Distillation, and Electro
Dialysis 206 4.5.5 Air Stripping 207 4.5.6 Disinfection and Fluoridation
209 4.5.7 Removal of Specific Constituents 211 4.6 Emerging Technologies
211 4.6.1 Nanotechnology applied for Water Purification 212 4.6.2
Photocatalysis 212 4.6.3 Evaporation 214 4.6.4 Incineration 214 4.6.5
Sono-Photo-Fenton Process 214 4.7 Residual Management 215 4.7.1 Thickening
216 4.7.2 Drying 216 4.7.3 Stabilization 216 4.7.4 Digestion 217 4.7.5
Composting 217 4.7.6 Dewatering 218 4.7.7 Incineration 218 4.7.8
Remediation of Contaminants in Subsurface 219 4.8 Portable Water
Purification Kit 220 4.9 Requirements of Electrical, Instrumentation and
Mechanical Equipment in Water and Wastewater Treatment to Achieve
Sustainability 220 4.9.1 Electrical Equipment and Energy Requirement 221
4.9.2 Piping and Instrumentation 223 4.9.3 Mechanical Equipment
Requirements and Related Issues 224 4.9.4 Systems and Operational Issues
224 4.9.5 Real-Time Control 225 4.9.6 Indicators of Sustainable
Performance; Systems Approach for Sustainability Assessment of Water
Infrastructure 225 4.9.7 Troubleshooting 226 4.9.8 Operational Checks for
the STP 228 4.9.9 Design, Construction and Engineering Checks for the WWTP
228 4.9.10 Odour Management 228 References 232 5 Sustainable Industrial
Water Use and Wastewater Treatment 237 5.1 Sustainable Principles in
Industrial Water Use and Wastewater Treatment 237 5.1.1 Industries with
High Dissolved Solids 240 5.1.2 Industries/Activities with High Inorganic
Content 242 5.2 Industries with Low Dissolved Solids 282 5.2.1 Industries
with Low Amounts of Inorganic Materials 282 5.2.2 Industries Dealing with
Low Dissolved Organic Material 284 References 292 6 Sustainable Effluent
Disposal 297 6.1 Dissolved Oxygen Sag Curves, Mass Balance Calculations and
Basic River Models 299 6.2 Disposal Options and Impact on Environment 302
6.2.1 Ocean Disposal 304 6.2.2 Disposal into Fresh Water Bodies 306 6.2.3
On-Land Disposal 308 6.3 Sustainable Reuse Options and Practice 310 6.3.1
Toilet Flushing 317 6.3.2 Floor Washing 317 6.3.3 Sustainable Wastewater
Irrigation 317 6.3.4 Nonpotable Industrial Use 320 References 326 7
Sustainable Construction of Water Structures 331 7.1 Sustainable
Construction - Principles 333 7.1.1 Green Building 337 7.1.2 Cementless
Construction 339 7.1.3 Choosing Eco-Friendly Construction Material 340
7.1.4 Energy Saving during Construction 341 7.1.5 Precautions to be Taken
during Construction to save Energy during Operations 343 7.2 Intake
Structures 343 7.3 Treatment Plants 344 7.4 Water Storage and Distribution
Systems 344 7.5 Wastewater Collection and Disposal System 348 References
350 8 Safety Issues in Sustainable Water Management 353 8.1 Health, Safety
and Sustainability 356 8.2 Safety of Consumer versus Operator 359 8.3
Safety of People and Animals other than Consumers and Operators 370 8.4
Safety Issues during Construction 377 8.4.1 Electrical Protective Devices
380 8.5 Chemical Handling and Storage 380 8.5.1 Chlorine 382 8.5.2
Herbicides/Pesticides 383 8.6 Safety during Water/Wastewater Treatment
Plant Operation 383 8.6.1 Work-Permit System 398 8.7 Disaster Management
398 References 400 Index 405