Drew Myers

Surfactant Science and Technology (eBook, ePUB)

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

A solid introduction to the field of surfactant science, this new edition provides updated information about surfactant uses, structures, and preparation, as well as seven new chapters expanding on technology applications. * Offers a comprehensive introduction and reference of the science and technology of surface active materials * Elaborates, more fully than prior editions, aspects of surfactant crystal structure as well as their effects on applications * Adds more information on new classes and applications of natural surfactants in light of environmental consequences of surfactant use

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 416
• Erscheinungstermin: 23. Juni 2020
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119465836
• Artikelnr.: 59752301

Autorenporträt

DREW MYERS obtained his Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry with secondary specialization in Medicinal Chemistry at the University of Utah in 1974 and his M.Sc. in Surface and Colloid Science at the University of Bristol in 1979. He has been a consultant in surface, colloid, organic, and polymer chemistry since 1986.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xv

1 An Overview of Surfactant Science and Technology 1

1.1 A Brief History of Surfactant Science and Technology 3

1.2 Surfactants in the Modern World 5

1.3 The Economics of Surfactant Science and Technology 8

1.4 The Near-Term Economic and Technological Future for Surfactants 10

1.5 Surfactantsin the Environment 11

1.6 A Surfactant Glossary 13

2 The Classification of Surfactants 17

2.1 The Basic Structure of Amphiphilic Molecules 17

2.2 A Systematic Classification of Surfactants 19

2.2.1 Surfactant Solubilizing Groups 19

2.2.2 Making a Choice 21

2.3 The Generic Anatomy of Surfactants 21

2.3.1 The Many Faces of Dodecane 22

2.3.2 Surfactant Solubilizing Groups 25

2.3.3 Common Surfactant Hydrophobic Groups 26

2.3.3.1 The Natural Fatty Acids 27

2.3.3.2 Saturated Hydrocarbons or Paraffins 28

2.3.3.3 Olefins 28

2.3.3.4 Alkyl Benzenes 29

2.3.3.5 Alcohols 29

2.3.3.6 Alkyl Phenols 30

2.3.3.7 Polyoxypropylenes 30

2.3.3.8 Fluorocarbons 31

2.3.3.9 Silicone Surfactants 32

2.3.3.10 Miscellaneous Biological Structures 32

2.4 The Systematic Classification of Surfactants 33

2.5 Anionic Surfactants 34

2.5.1 Sulfate Esters 35

2.5.1.1 Fatty Alcohol Sulfates 36

2.5.1.2 Sulfated Fatty Acid Condensation Products 36

2.5.1.3 Sulfated Ethers 37

2.5.1.4 Sulfated Fats and Oils 38

2.5.2 Sulfonic Acid Salts 39

2.5.2.1 Aliphatic Sulfonates 39

2.5.2.2 Alkyl Aryl Sulfonates 40

2.5.2.3 alpha-Sulfocarboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives 42

2.5.2.4 Miscellaneous Sulfo-Ester and Amide Surfactants 43

2.5.2.5 Alkyl Glyceryl Ether Sulfonates 46

2.5.2.6 Lignin Sulfonates 46

2.5.3 Carboxylate Soaps and Detergents 46

2.5.4 Phosphoric Acid Esters and Related Surfactants 48

2.6 Cationic Surfactants 49

2.7 Nonionic Surfactants 51

2.7.1 Polyoxyethylene-Based Surfactants 51

2.7.2 Derivatives of Polyglycerols and Other Polyols 52

2.7.3 Block Copolymer Nonionic Surfactants 54

2.7.4 Miscellaneous Nonionic Surfactants 54

2.8 Amphoteric Surfactants 55

2.8.1 Imidazoline Derivatives 56

2.8.2 Surface-Active Betaines and Sulfobetaines 57

2.8.3 Phosphatides and Related Amphoteric Surfactants 58

3 Surfactant Chemical Structures: Putting the Pieces Together 61

3.1 Surfactant Building Blocks 61

3.2 A Surfactant Family Tree 63

3.2.1 The Many Faces of Dodecane 63

3.3 Common Surfactant Hydrophobic Groups 66

3.3.1 The Natural Fatty Acids 67

3.3.2 Paraffins or Saturated Hydrocarbons 67

3.3.3 Olefins 67

3.3.4 Alkylbenzenes 68

3.3.5 Alcohols 69

3.3.6 Alkylphenols 70

3.3.7 Polyoxypropylene 70

3.3.8 Fluorocarbons 70

3.3.9 Silicone-Based Surfactants 72

3.3.10 Nonchemically Produced, a.k.a. "Natural" Surfactants 74

4 Natural Surfactants and Biosurfactants 75

4.1 What Makes a Surfactant "Natural"? 76

4.2 Surfactants Based on a Natural Sugar-Based Polar Head Groups 78

4.3 Biosurfactants 80

4.3.1 Biosurfactants as Nature Makes Them 80

4.3.2 Properties of Biosurfactants 81

4.3.3 Biosurfactant Classification 83

4.3.4 Some Aspects of Biosurfactant Production 84

4.3.5 Some Factors Affecting Biosurfactant Production 85