Supercritical Fluids (eBook, PDF)

Fundamentals and Applications
Redaktion: Kiran, E.; Peters, Cor J.; Debenedetti, Pablo G.

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

Supercritical fluids are neither gas nor liquid, but can be compressed gradually from low to high density and they are therefore interesting and important as tunable solvents and reaction media in the chemical process industry. By adjusting the density the properties of these fluids can be customised and manipulated for a given process - physical or chemical transformation. Separation and processing using supercritical solvents such as CO₂ are currently on-line commercially in the food, essential oils and polymer industries. Many agencies and industries are considering the use of supercritical water for waste remediation. Supercritical fluid chromatography represents another, major analytical application. Significant advances have recently been made in materials processing, ranging from particle formation to the creation of porous materials.

The chapters in this book provide tutorial accounts of topical areas centred around: (1) phase equilibria, thermodynamics and equations of state; (2) critical behaviour, crossover effects; (3) transport and interfacial properties; (4) molecular modelling, computer simulation; (5) reactions, spectroscopy; (6) phase separation kinetics; (7) extractions; (8) applications to polymers, pharmaceuticals, natural materials and chromatography; (9) process scale-up.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Springer Netherlands
• Seitenzahl: 596
• Erscheinungstermin: 6. Dezember 2012
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9789401139298
• Artikelnr.: 43985556

Inhaltsangabe

Critical behavior of fluids: Concepts and applications.- The classical theory of critical points.- Understanding phase diagrams.- Physico-chemical properties and phase equilibria of pure fluids and fluid mixtures at high pressures.- Multiphase equilibria in near-critical solvents.- Equations of state for phase equilibrium computations.- Mixing rules for the estimation of vapor-liquid equilibrium of highly non-ideal mixtures using cubic equations of state.- Thermodynamics and fluctuation solution theory with some applications to systems at near- or supercritical conditions.- Effects of critical fluctuations on the thermodynamic and transport properties of supercritical fluids.- On correlating the transport properties of supercritical fluids.- to integral equation approximations with application to near-critical and supercritical fluids.- On the non-solution region of the hypernetted chain and related equations for ionic and simple fluids.- Critical behavior in modern liquid state theories.- Integral equations for the microstructures of supercritical fluids.- Molecular simulation of near-critical and supercritical fluids.- Molecular simulation of phase equilibria.- Solute - solute interactions: Theory and simulations.- Reactions in supercritical fluids.- Kinetics and selectivity of chemical processes in fluid phases.- Absorption spectroscopy in fluid phases.- Spectroscopy and chemistry in supercritical fluids.- Polymer formation, modifications and processing in or with supercritical fluids.- Optimizing properties of polymer systems.- Copolymer solution behavior in supercritical fluids.- Density-tuned phase behavior of polyolefin solutions in supercritical olefins: Toward macromolecular separations.- Current challenges in thermodynamics of supercritical fluidchromatography.- Effect of phase behavior on supercritical fluid chromatographic and extraction performance.- Scale-up of supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC).- Fundamentals of solids extraction by supercritical fluids.- Extraction and destruction of waste with supercritical water.- Predicting oxide solubilities in supercritical water.- Supercritical fluids as particle formation media.- Interfacial tension in binary systems containing a dense gas.- Applications of fluid mixtures and supercritical solvents: A survey.- Future Directions - A summary of the final discussions.