Hymie Anisman

Stress and Your Health (eBook, PDF)

From Vulnerability to Resilience

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

Stress and Your Health: From Vulnerability to Resilience presents an evidence-based evaluation of the various effects of stress, along with methods to alleviate distress and stress-related illnesses. * Examines myriad stressor effects and proven ways to alleviate stress in our lives * Covers a wide range of stressor-related topics including therapeutic strategies to deal with stress and factors that hinder treatment of stress * Makes difficult biochemical and immunological concepts accessible to a non-specialist audience * Addresses many of the factors that cause individuals to be more vulnerable to the impact of stressors and at increased risk for pathology

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 296
• Erscheinungstermin: 19. Februar 2015
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781118850343
• Artikelnr.: 42368875

Autorenporträt

Hymie Anisman is a Professor in the Department of Neuroscience at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. He also holds a Canada Research Chair in Neuroscience and is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. Professor Anisman's research includes the influence of stressors on neurochemical and neuroendocrine systems, and how these influence psychological (anxiety, depression) and physical (immune-related) disorders. He is the author of An Introduction to Stress and Health (2014) and co-editor of Handbook of Psychoneuroimmunology (Wiley, 2014).

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xiii Acknowledgments xvi 1 Stressors, Stress, and Distress 1 What
this book is about 1 What do we mean when we talk about stressors? 3 The
characteristics of stressors: comparing apples, oranges, and lemons 5
Chronic stressors and allostatic overload 10 Before you go... 11 2
Individual Differences in Relation to Stressors and Stress Responses 12
Vulnerability and resilience 13 Genetic influences 13 Age 17 Sex 18
Personality differences in relation to stress responses 18 Previous
stressor experiences 19 Stress generation 19 Before you go... 20 3
Appraising Stressful Events 21 Appraising stressors 22 Guidance through
primary and secondary appraisals 22 Thinking fast and slow 22 Guideposts
and anchors 25 Appraisals based on what others think 27 Appraisals in
relation to learning, memory, automaticity, expectation, and habit 28
Positive and negative emotions 30 Gauging stressors 31 Before you go... 33
4 Coping with Stressors 35 First responses to stressors 36 Coping methods
36 Personal growth and finding meaning 38 Social support 40 Loneliness 40
Unsupportive interactions 42 Social rejection 44 Forgiveness and trust 46
Empathy 48 Before you go... 48 5 Hormones and What They Do 50 What's a
hormone? 51 Linking hormones and behaviors 51 The hormonal stress response
54 Hormones of the autonomic nervous system 54 The
hypothalamic?]pituitary?]adrenal (HPA) axis and glucocorticoids 55 What
cortisol (corticosterone) does for us 55 The cortisol/corticosterone
response to an acute stressor 55 Cortisol variations in humans 56
Yesterday's stressors influence today's responses 59 A cacophony of
hormones associated with stress, eating and energy regulation: leptin,
ghrelin, CRH, and neuropeptide Y 60 Oxytocin and positive responses 62
Estrogen and testosterone 64 Before you go... 67 6 Neurotransmitter
Processes and Growth Factors 69 Neuronal and glial processes in relation to
challenges 70 Stressors influence neurotransmitter functioning 72
Acetylcholine (ACh) 72 Serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine 75
Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH): beyond the HPA system 76 Glutamate
78 Gamma?]aminobutyric acid (GABA) 79 Cannabinoids 79 Neurotrophic factors
80 The past influences the future 82 Before you go... 83 7 Immunological
Effects of Stressors 84 A brief look at how the immune system works 85
Cells of the immune system 86 Immune memories 87 Cytokines: messenger
molecules of the immune system 88 Immune-hormone interactions 88 Stress,
brain processes, and immunological changes 91 Cytokine changes in response
to stressors 93 Before you go.... 93 8 Stress across the Life Span 95
Connections over time 96 Prenatal experiences 96 Biological correlates of
prenatal stress in humans 98 Consequences of prenatal infection in animals
and humans 99 Stress experienced early in life 101 Transitional periods 104
Older age 106 Before you go... 107 9 Cardiovascular Disease 108 Coronary
artery disease (CAD) 109 The heart's response to a challenge 109
Psychosocial factors associated with heart disease 110 The influence of
stressors on heart disease 110 Job strain 112 Depressive illness and heart
disease 113 Socioeconomic status (SES) 114 Sex?]dependent trajectories for
heart disease 114 Personality factors and heart disease 115 Type A
personality 115 Type D personality 116 Physiological stress responses
associated with heart disease 116 Sympathetic nervous system reactivity 116
Inflammatory processes in heart disease 117 Stress, pathogen burden, and
heart disease 118 Obesity, cytokines, and heart disease 119 Before you
go... 120 10 Diabetes 121 Type 1 diabetes 122 Type 2 diabetes 122 Stressor
influences in relation to the development of Type 2 diabetes 123 Immune
factors in Type 2 diabetes 126 Genetic contributions 127 Before you go...
127 11 Stress, Immunity, and Disease 128 Immunity and illness 128 Allergies
129 Infectious illness 130 Stressors influence vulnerability and the course
of infectious illness 133 Autoimmune disorders 134 Exacerbation of
autoimmune disorders by stressful experiences 137 Before you go... 137 12
Stress and Cancer: Cancer and Stress 138 The cancer process 139 The
stress-cancer link 141 Implication for cancer treatment 144 Stress stemming
from cancer 145 Treating cancer?]related distress 147 Before you go... 148
13 Depressive Illnesses and Cognitive Mistakes 149 What is depression? 150
Depressive subtypes 152 Cognitive theories of depressive disorders 153
Helplessness 153 Hopelessness 154 Depression from an evolutionary
perspective 156 Depression from a neurochemical vantage 158 Neurobiological
explanations of depressive disorders 158 Serotonin, norepinephrine and
dopamine in relation to depressive disorders 159 Gene and environmental
interactions 160 Reward processes in depression: dopamine and anhedonia 161
Depression and anxiety: corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) as a player
in depression 162 Coordination and discoordination of neuronal process:
gamma?]aminobutyric acid (GABA) 163 Growth factors and depression 164
Inflammatory processes and depressive disorders 165 Before you go... 169 14
Fretting over Anxiety Disorders 171 A plague of anxiety disorders 172
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) 172 Panic disorder 173
Obsessive?]compulsive disorder (OCD) 174 Phobias and social anxiety 177
Before you go... 178 15 Acute Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress
Disorder 179 Acute stress disorder 180 Posttraumatic stress disorder 180
Vulnerability and resilience 181 Neuroanatomical underpinnings of PTSD 182
Biochemical determinants of PTSD 184 CRH and corticoids in relation to
PTSD?]related memories 185 Norepinephrine and serotonin and PTSD?]related
memories 187 GABA and the extinction of fear responses in PTSD 187
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and resilience 188 Before you go... 188 16 Addictions
and Forbidden Fruits 190 What's an addiction 190 Stress as a provocateur in
the addiction process 191 Reward and aversion in relation to addiction: a
multistep process 191 Dopamine in relation to stress and reward 192
Corticotropin hormone in relation to stress and addiction 193 Can eating
become an addiction? 195 An integrated perspective 195 Treatment for
addictions 196 Before you go... 197 17 Coping with Illness, Caregiving, and
Loss 199 How might illness come to affect health? 200 Major physical
illnesses 201 What patients know and what they need to know 201 Appraising
and coping with illness 202 Personal control, decision?]making, and trust
203 Social support and unsupportive interactions in the face of illness 204
Mood changes associated with illness 205 Adjustment to chronic illnesses:
psychological resilience in the face of illness 206 Stress associated with
caregiving 207 Loss and grief 208 Before you go... 209 18 The Workplace for
Better or Worse 211 Job?]related distress 212 Status and job strain 212
Burnout 212 Absenteeism and presenteeism 212 Bullying in the workplace 213
Social support in the workplace 215 Trust in the workplace 216 Unemployment
216 Time management and juggling 217 Before you go... 218 19 Transmission
of Trauma across Generations 220 Traveling across generations 221 Parental
stress influences on children 221 Intergenerational effects of trauma:
beyond poor parenting 222 Environments modify gene actions 223 The case of
epigenetic effects 223 Collective and historic trauma 226 Before you go...
229 20 Stress Reduction through Cognitive and Behavioral Strategies 231
Prelude to dealing with stress 232 Relaxation training 233 Exposure therapy
233 Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) 234 Interpersonal psychotherapy
(IPT) 237 Meditation 237 Mindfulness 238 The default mode network 240
Positive psychotherapy (PPT) 241 Giving and receiving 242 The social cure
243 Before you go... 244 21 Drug Remedies to Attenuate Stress and
Stress?]Related Disorders 246 Something about drug treatments 247 Placebo
and nocebo responses 247 Selecting the right treatment and related caveats
249 Treating depression 250 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
250 A cocktail of acronyms: SNRI, NDRI, NaSSA, MAOI 253 Ketamine 256 Deep
brain stimulation 257 Anti?]inflammatory agents 258 Treating anxiety
disorders 259 Treating PTSD 259 Herbal (naturopathic) treatments 262 Before
you go... 266 22 Epilogue 267 It's OK to go now... 267 References 269 Index
272