Rob Burgess

Stem Cells (eBook, ePUB)

A Short Course

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

Stem Cells: A Short Course is a comprehensive text for students delving into the rapidly evolving discipline of stem cell research. Comprised of eight chapters, the text addresses all of the major facets and disciplines related to stem cell biology and research. A brief history of stem cell research serves as an introduction, followed by coverage of stem cell fundamentals; chapters then explore embryonic and fetal amniotic stem cells, adult stem cells, nuclear reprogramming, and cancer stem cells. The book concludes with chapters on stem cell applications, including the role of stem cells in drug discovery and therapeutic applications in spinal cord injury, brain damage, neurological and autoimmune disorders, among others. Written by a leader in the field, Stem Cells: A Short Course appeals to both students and instructors alike, appealing to academic enthusiasm for stem cell research and applications.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 384
• Erscheinungstermin: 4. Dezember 2015
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781118439173
• Artikelnr.: 44367057

Autorenporträt

Rob Burgess, PhD is Vice President of Global Business Development for RayBiotech, Inc. He is also an Assistant Professor of Molecular and Cell Biology at the University of Texas at Dallas within the School of Natural Sciences. He has co-founded several successful start-up companies (Lexicon Genetics, Inc. and Medical Nanotechnologies); restructured and streamlined research, development and manufacturing efforts at Zyvex Corporation; managed over 35 R&D and manufacturing scientists and engineers at Zyvex Corp; authored several book chapters and one textbook on nanomedicine, and published several papers in major peer-reviewed journals such as Science and Nature. He is an expert in the fields of vertebrae functional genomics, stem cells and nanotechnology, with a specific emphasis on stem cell gene targeting and knockout technologies.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface to the Professor xvii Preface to the Student xxi Acknowledgments
xxiii List of Figures xxv List of Tables xxxvii List of Case Studies xxxix
List of Focus Boxes xli 1 A HISTORY OF STEM CELL RESEARCH 1 Early Studies 1
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Discovery 4 Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Discovery 6
Successful Neural Stem Cell Culture 7 The Discovery of Cancer Stem Cells 8
Human Embryonic Stem Cell Discovery 9 Stem Cells And Cloning 11 Cord Blood
Embryonic?]Like Stem Cells--An Alternative to Es and Adult Stem Cells 14
Breakthrough In Spinal Cord Injury Repair 15 The Generation of ips Cells 16
iPS Cells Derived from Keratinocytes 20 iPS Induction Without the Use of
Viruses 20 Transposon?]Mediated iPS 21 Protein?]Based iPS 22 The Discovery
of Human Amniotic Stem Cells 24 Human Embryonic Stem Cells Generated
Without Embryo Destruction 25 Human Cloning 25 Mesenchymal Stem
Cell?]Derived Human Knee Cartilage 27 The First Clinical Trial Using Human
Embryonic Stem Cells 28 Mitochondrial DNA: A Barrier To Autologous Cell
Therapeutics 29 Induced Pluripotency And The Potential To Save Endangered
Species 30 Chapter Summary 33 Key Terms 37 Review Questions 39 Thought
Question 40 Suggested Readings 40 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF STEM CELLS 43 Basic in
Vitro Cell Culture--A Historical Perspective 43 Stem Cell Culture--Optimal
Conditions and Techniques 48 Embryonic Stem Cell Culture 49 Hematopoietic
Stem Cell Culture 52 Notch Regulation of HSC Proliferation 52 Other Drivers
of HSC Proliferation 53 Adipose?]Derived Stem Cell Culture 54 The Study of
Embryonic Development 56 Embryonic Development and the Origin of Stem Cells
56 Early Events in Embryogenesis 56 Germ Cell Development 61 Basic
Properties of Stem Cells 63 Long?]Term Self?]Renewal 63 Different Potency
Capabilities 63 Totipotency 64 Pluripotency 65 Multipotency 68 Oligopotency
68 Unipotency 69 Types of Stem Cells 70 Embryonic Stem Cells 70 Fetal Stem
Cells 70 Amniotic Stem Cells 71 Adult Stem Cells 71 Induced Pluripotency
(iPS) Cells 71 Cancer Stem Cells 71 The Potential of Stem Cells in Medicine
and Medical Research 71 Therapeutics 71 Tissue Engineering 71 Cell Therapy
73 Cell?]Based Drug Screening 75 Chapter Summary 77 Key Terms 80 Review
Questions 83 Thought Question 84 Suggested Readings 85 3 EMBRYONIC STEM,
FETAL, AND AMNIOTIC STEM CELLS 87 ES Cells 87 Basic Properties 87
Pluripotency 87 Indefinite Replicative Capacity 89 Signaling and
Transcriptional Control of ES Cell Replication 90 Examples of ES Cells 92
Mouse ES Cells 92 Rat ES Cells 95 Nonhuman Primate ES Cells 97 Human ES
Cells 100 EC Cells 103 Embryonal Germ Cells 105 EG Cell Growth Factor
Signaling 105 Comparing Embryonically Derived Cells 106 Fetal Stem Cells
108 Basic Properties 108 Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells 108 Wharton's Jelly Stem
Cells 109 Amniotic Membrane Stem Cells 110 Placental Stem Cells 110 Chapter
Summary 112 Key Terms 114 Review Questions 115 Thought Question 116
Suggested Reading 116 4 ADULT STEM CELLS 118 Discovery and Origin of ASCs
118 Basic Properties of ASCs 118 Self?]Renewal 119 Multipotency 119
Examples of ASCs 120 Hematopoietic Stem Cells 122 Morphology and Marker
Expression 123 Sources 123 Signaling and Multipotency 123 Muscle?]Derived
Stem Cells 127 Myosatellite Cell Morphology and Marker Expression 129
Sources 129 Signaling, Transcriptional Control, and Multipotency 129
Adipose?]Derived Stem Cells 130 Morphology and Marker Expression 130
Sources 131 Signaling and Multipotency 132 Mesenchymal Stem Cells 134
Morphology and Marker Expression 134 Sources 136 Signaling and Multipotency
136 Neural Stem Cells 140 Morphology and Marker Expression 141 Sources and
Origins 143 Signaling and Multipotency 146 Endothelial Stem Cells 150
Morphology and Marker Expression 150 Sources and Origins 152 Signaling and
Multipotency 153 Chapter Summary 156 Key Terms 158 Review Questions 161
Thought Question 162 Suggested Readings 162 5 NUCLEAR REPROGRAMMING 164
Examples of Nuclear Reprogramming in Nature 166 Cell Fusion 166 Cell Fusion
for the Generation of Hybridomas 169 Mechanisms of Cell Fusion 172
Comparison of Cell Fusion Techniques 173 Electrofusion 173 Pegylation 173
Viral Induction 173 Mechanism of Nuclear Reprogramming in Cell Fusion 175
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer 176 Method for the Production of
SCNT?]Derived Cells 177 Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer for the Creation of
Stem Cells 178 Basic Properties of SCNT?]Derived Stem Cells 180 Examples of
SCNT?]Derived Stem Cells 181 A Note Regarding Genomic Abnormalities in
SCNT?]Derived Clones 182 Telomeric Length 182 DNA Methylation and
Epigenetics 183 X?]Chromosome Inactivation 185 Induced Pluripotency 185
Breakthrough in the Production of iPS Cells 187 Methods for the Production
of iPS Cells 191 Retroviral and Lentiviral Gene Delivery 192 Adenoviral
Gene Delivery 195 Sendai Viral Gene Delivery 196 Plasmid?]Based Gene
Delivery 196 mRNA Delivery 198 MicroRNA Induction 199 Transposon Delivery
200 Direct Protein Delivery 200 Basic Properties of iPS Cells 201 A General
Comparison of iPS Cells and Embryonic Stem Cells 203 Examples of Derived
iPS Cells 205 Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast?]Derived iPS Cells 206 Human Adult
Skin?]Derived iPS Cells 209 Advantages of ips Cells Over Other Cell Types
210 Origin and Bioethics 211 Patient Specificity 211 Broad Lineage
Differentiation Potential 211 "Unlimited" Supply 211 Ease of Generation 212
Chapter Summary 212 Key Terms 214 Review Questions 217 Thought Question 218
Suggested Readings 218 6 CANCER STEM CELLS 220 Background on The Origins of
Cancer 220 Discovery and Origin of Cancer Stem Cells 221 Basic Properties
of Cancer Stem Cells 225 A Comparison of Cancer Stem Cells and Normal Stem
Cells 226 Signaling Pathways Involved in Cancer Stem Cell Transformation
228 Examples of Cancer Stem Cells 229 Breast 229 Central Nervous System 229
Colon 231 Ovary 233 Pancreas 233 Prostate 234 Melanoma 235 Multiple Myeloma
237 Strategies for Treatment Targeting Cancer Stem Cells 238 Melanoma
Treatment Targeting Chimeric Antigen Receptor 238 Multiple Myeloma
Treatment Targeting CD20 239 Chapter Summary 240 Key Terms 241 Review
Questions 243 Thought Question 244 Suggested Readings 244 7 STEM CELLS AS
DRUG DISCOVERY PLATFORMS 245 Embryonic Stem Cells and Mouse Models of Gene
Function 245 Stem Cell?]Based Screening Assays 250 Stem Cells as Lineage
Resources for HTS 250 Embryonic Stem Cells as a Resource 251 Adult Stem
Cells as a Resource 253 iPS Cells as a Resource 254 Cancer Stem Cell
Screens 256 Reprogramming Screens 258 Analysis of Disease Pathways 261 Stem
Cells As A Toxicity?]Testing Platform 267 Stem Cells as a Resource for
Developmental Toxicity Testing 267 Stem Cells as a Source for Post?]Natal
Environmental Toxicity Testing 268 Cardiotoxicity 269 Hepatotoxicity 272
Chapter Summary 273 Key Terms 274 Review Questions 276 Thought Question 277
Suggested Readings 277 8 THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS OF STEM CELLS 279 History
of Stem Cells as Therapeutics 279 History of Tissue Engineering 279
Disease?]Specific Treatment and Patient Trials 282 Stem Cell?]Based Patient
Trials: An Overview 282 Cardiomyopathy and Cardiovascular Disease (CV) 284
Neuropathies and Neurodegenerative Diseases 286 Spinal Cord Injury 286
Brain Damage 288 Parkinson's Disease 292 Autoimmune Disorders 292 Corneal
Defects 296 Hematopoietic Disorders 297 Sickle Cell Disease 297
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome 299 Cancer 300 Muscular Dystrophy 301 Liver
Disorders 303 Veterinary Applications 306 Equine 307 Canine 309
Osteoarthritis (OA) 309 Myocardial Infarction 311 Spinal Cord Injury 313
Stem Cells as an Emerging Industry 314 Seminal Discoveries Driving the
Growth of a New Industry 317 Regulation and Reimbursement of Stem Cell
Commercialization 320 A Word about Induced Pluripotency and
Commercialization 320 Chapter Summary 321 Key Terms 324 Review Questions
326 Thought Question 327 Suggested Readings 328 About the Author 330 Index
331