Separation and Purification Technologies in Biorefineries (eBook, PDF)

Redaktion: Ramaswamy, Shri; Ramarao, Bandrau; Huang, Huajiang

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

Separation and purification processes play a critical role in biorefineries and their optimal selection, design and operation to maximise product yields and improve overall process efficiency. Separations and purifications are necessary for upstream processes as well as in maximising and improving product recovery in downstream processes. These processes account for a significant fraction of the total capital and operating costs and also are highly energy intensive. Consequently, a better understanding of separation and purification processes, current and possible alternative and novel advanced methods is essential for achieving the overall techno-economic feasibility and commercial success of sustainable biorefineries. This book presents a comprehensive overview focused specifically on the present state, future challenges and opportunities for separation and purification methods and technologies in biorefineries. Topics covered include: Equilibrium Separations: Distillation, liquid-liquid extraction and supercritical fluid extraction. Affinity-Based Separations: Adsorption, ion exchange, and simulated moving bed technologies. Membrane Based Separations: Microfiltration, ultrafiltration and diafiltration, nanofiltration, membrane pervaporation, and membrane distillation. Solid-liquid Separations: Conventional filtration and solid-liquid extraction. Hybrid/Integrated Reaction-Separation Systems: Membrane bioreactors, extractive fermentation, reactive distillation and reactive absorption. For each of these processes, the fundamental principles and design aspects are presented, followed by a detailed discussion and specific examples of applications in biorefineries. Each chapter also considers the market needs, industrial challenges, future opportunities, and economic importance of the separation and purification methods. The book concludes with a series of detailed case studies including cellulosic bioethanol production, extraction of algae oil from microalgae, and production of biopolymers. Separation and Purification Technologies in Biorefineries is an essential resource for scientists and engineers, as well as researchers and academics working in the broader conventional and emerging bio-based products industry, including biomaterials, biochemicals, biofuels and bioenergy.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 608
• Erscheinungstermin: 23. Januar 2013
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781118493489
• Artikelnr.: 37349021

Autorenporträt

Shri Ramaswamy, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, USA. Hua-Jiang Huang, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, USA. Bandaru V. Ramarao, Department of Paper & Bioprocess Engineering, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, USA.

Inhaltsangabe

List of Contributors xix Preface xxiii PART I INTRODUCTION 1 1 Overview of
Biomass Conversion Processes and Separation and Purification Technologies
in Biorefineries 3 Hua-Jiang Huang and Shri Ramaswamy 1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Biochemical conversion biorefineries 4 1.3 Thermo-chemical and other
chemical conversion biorefineries 8 1.4 Integrated lignocellulose
biorefineries 14 1.5 Separation and purification processes 15 1.6 Summary
27 References 28 PART II EQUILIBRIUM-BASED SEPARATION TECHNOLOGIES 37 2
Distillation 39 Zhigang Lei and Biaohua Chen 2.1 Introduction 39 2.2
Ordinary distillation 40 2.3 Azeotropic distillation 45 2.4 Extractive
distillation 48 2.5 Molecular distillation 54 2.6 Comparisons of different
distillation processes 55 2.7 Conclusions and future trends 58
Acknowledgement 58 References 58 3 Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE) 61
Jianguo Zhang and Bo Hu 3.1 Introduction to LLE: Literature review and
recent developments 61 3.2 Fundamental principles of LLE 62 3.3 Categories
of LLE design 65 3.4 Equipment for the LLE process 67 3.5 Applications in
biorefineries 70 3.6 The future development of LLE for the biorefinery
setting 74 References 75 4 Supercritical Fluid Extraction 79 Casimiro
Mantell, Lourdes Casas, Miguel Rodríguez and Enrique Martínez de la Ossa
4.1 Introduction 79 4.2 Principles of supercritical fluids 81 4.3 Market
and industrial needs 83 4.4 Design and modeling of the process 84 4.4.1
Film theory 88 4.5 Specific examples in biorefineries 89 4.6 Economic
importance and industrial challenges 93 4.7 Conclusions and future trends
96 References 96 PART III AFFINITY-BASED SEPARATION TECHNOLOGIES 101 5
Adsorption 103 Saravanan Venkatesan 5.1 Introduction 103 5.2 Essential
principles of adsorption 104 5.3 Adsorbent selection criteria 110 5.4
Commercial and new adsorbents and their properties 111 5.5 Adsorption
separation processes 116 5.6 Adsorber modeling 123 5.7 Application of
adsorption in biorefineries 124 5.8 A case study: Recovery of 1-butanol
from ABE fermentation broth using TSA 136 5.9 Research needs and prospects
142 5.10 Conclusions 143 Acknowledgement 143 References 143 6 Ion Exchange
149 M. Berrios, J. A. Siles, M. A. Martín and A. Martín 6.1 Introduction
149 6.1.1 Ion exchangers: Operational conditions--sorbent selection 150 6.2
Essential principles 151 6.3 Ion-exchange market and industrial needs 153
6.4 Commercial ion-exchange resins 154 6.5 Specific examples in
biorefineries 156 6.6 Conclusions and future trends 164 References 164 7
Simulated Moving-Bed Technology for Biorefinery Applications 167 Chim Yong
Chin and Nien-Hwa Linda Wang 7.1 Introduction 167 7.2 Essential SMB design
principles and tools 171 7.3 Simulated moving-bed technology in
biorefineries 191 7.4 Conclusions and future trends 197 References 197 PART
IV MEMBRANE SEPARATION 203 8 Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration and
Diafiltration 205 Ann-Sofi Jönsson 8.1 Introduction 205 8.2 Membrane plant
design 207 8.3 Economic considerations 210 8.4 Process design 213 8.5
Operating parameters 216 8.6 Diafiltration 222 8.7 Fouling and cleaning 224
8.8 Conclusions and future trends 226 References 226 9 Nanofiltration 233
Mika Mänttäri, Bart Van der Bruggen and Marianne Nyström 9.1 Introduction
233 9.2 Nanofiltration market and industrial needs 235 9.3 Fundamental
principles 236 9.4 Design and simulation 238 9.5 Membrane materials and
properties 241 9.6 Commercial nanofiltration membranes 245 9.7
Nanofiltration examples in biorefineries 246 9.8 Conclusions and challenges
256 References 256 10 Membrane Pervaporation 259 Yan Wang, Natalia Widjojo,
Panu Sukitpaneenit and Tai-Shung Chung 10.1 Introduction 259 10.2 Membrane
pervaporation market and industrial needs 260 10.3 Fundamental principles
261 10.4 Design principles of the pervaporation membrane 265 10.5
Pervaporation in the current integrated biorefinery system 283 10.6
Conclusions and future trends 288 Acknowledgements 289 References 289 11
Membrane Distillation 301 M. A. Izquierdo-Gil 11.1 Introduction 301 11.2
Membrane distillation market and industrial needs 304 11.3 Basic principles
of membrane distillation 308 11.4 Design and simulation 313 11.5 Examples
in biorefineries 315 11.6 Economic importance and industrial challenges 317
11.7 Comparisons with other membrane-separation technologies 319 11.8
Conclusions and future trends 321 References 322 PART V SOLID-LIQUID
SEPARATIONS 327 12 Filtration-Based Separations in the Biorefinery 329
Bhavin V. Bhayani and Bandaru V. Ramarao 12.1 Introduction 329 12.2
Biorefinery 330 12.3 Solid-liquid separations in the biorefinery 335 12.4
Introduction to cake filtration 336 12.5 Basics of cake filtration 336 12.6
Designing a dead-end filtration 340 12.7 Model development 346 12.8
Conclusions 348 References 348 13 Solid-Liquid Extraction in Biorefinery
351 Zurina Zainal Abidin, Dayang Radiah Awang Biak, Hamdan Mohamed Yusoff
and Mohd Yusof Harun 13.1 Introduction 351 13.2 Principles of solid-liquid
extraction 352 13.3 State of the art technology 356 13.4 Design and
modeling of SLE process 357 13.5 Industrial extractors 363 13.6 Economic
importance and industrial challenges 368 13.7 Conclusions 371 References
371 PART VI HYBRID/INTEGRATED REACTION-SEPARATION SYSTEMS--PROCESS
INTENSIFICATION 375 14 Membrane Bioreactors for Biofuel Production 377 Sara
M. Badenes, Frederico Castelo Ferreira and Joaquim M. S. Cabral 14.1
Introduction 377 14.2 Basic principles 381 14.2.1 Biofuels: Production
principles and biological systems 381 14.3 Examples of membrane bioreactors
for biofuel production 390 14.4 Conclusions and future trends 403
References 404 15 Extraction-Fermentation Hybrid (Extractive Fermentation)
409 Shang-Tian Yang and Congcong Lu 15.1 Introduction 409 15.2 The market
and industrial needs 410 15.3 Basic principles of extractive fermentation
412 15.4 Separation technologies for integrated fermentation product
recovery 413 15.5 Examples in biorefineries 426 15.6 Economic importance
and industrial challenges 428 15.7 Conclusions and future trends 431
References 431 16 Reactive Distillation for the Biorefinery 439 Aspi K.
Kolah, Carl T. Lira and Dennis J. Miller 16.1 Introduction 439 16.2 Column
internals for reactive distillation 441 16.3 Simulation of reactive
distillation systems 446 16.4 Reactive distillation for the biorefinery 451
16.5 Recently commercialized reactive distillation processes for the
biorefinery 458 16.6 Conclusions 458 References 459 17 Reactive Absorption
467 Anton A. Kiss and Costin Sorin Bildea 17.1 Introduction 467 17.2 Market
and industrial needs 468 17.3 Basic principles of reactive absorption 468
17.4 Modelling, design and simulation 469 17.5 Case study: Biodiesel
production by catalytic reactive absorption 470 17.6 Economic importance
and industrial challenges 482 17.7 Conclusions and future trends 482
References 482 PART VII CASE STUDIES OF SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION
TECHNOLOGIES IN BIOREFINERIES 485 18 Cellulosic Bioethanol Production 487
Mats Galbe, Ola Wallberg and Guido Zacchi 18.1 Introduction: The market and
industrial needs 487 18.2 Separation procedures and their integration
within a bioethanol plant 488 18.3 Importance and challenges of separation
processes 490 18.4 Pilot and demonstration scale 498 18.5 Conclusions and
future trends 500 References 500 19 Dehydration of Ethanol using Pressure
Swing Adsorption 503 Marian Simo 19.1 Introduction 503 19.2 Ethanol
dehydration process using pressure swing adsorption 504 19.3 Future trends
and industrial challenges 510 19.4 Conclusions 511 References 511 20
Separation and Purification of Lignocellulose Hydrolyzates 513 G. Peter van
Walsum 20.1 Introduction 513 20.2 The market and industrial needs 516 20.3
Operation variables and conditions 517 20.4 The hydrolyzates detoxification
and separation processes 519 20.5 Separation performances and results 524
20.6 Economic importance and industrial challenges 525 20.7 Conclusions 527
References 527 21 Case Studies of Separation in Biorefineries--Extraction
of Algae Oil from Microalgae 533 Michael Cooney 21.1 Introduction 533 21.2
The market and industrial needs 534 21.3 The algae oil extraction process
539 21.4 Extraction 540 21.5 Separation performance and results 546 21.6
Economic importance and industrial challenges 548 21.7 Conclusions and
future trends 549 References 550 22 Separation Processes in Biopolymer
Production 555 Sanjay P. Kamble, Prashant P. Barve, Imran Rahman and
Bhaskar D. Kulkarni 22.1 Introduction 555 22.2 The market and industrial
needs 556 22.3 Lactic acid recovery processes 559 22.4 Separation
performance and results of autocatalytic counter current reactive
distillation of lactic acid with methanol and hydrolysis of methyl lactate
into highly pure lactic acid using 3-CSTRs in series 561 22.5 Economic
importance and industrial challenges 564 22.6 Conclusions and future trends
565 Acknowledgements 566 References 566 Index 569