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Reference to the design of new insecticides nontoxic to the environment and the public emphasizing optimal food production with greater safety. Some 30 international experts examine topics including new types of active molecules among natural products and animal toxins; insect metabolic and organ systems as sources of information leading to more selective chemicals, safer ways of utilizing existing compounds, recently discovered modes of action including cuticle synthesis inhibitors, juvenile hormone inhibitors and anti-juvenile hormones, pesticide use reduction through improved application…mehr
Reference to the design of new insecticides nontoxic to the environment and the public emphasizing optimal food production with greater safety. Some 30 international experts examine topics including new types of active molecules among natural products and animal toxins; insect metabolic and organ systems as sources of information leading to more selective chemicals, safer ways of utilizing existing compounds, recently discovered modes of action including cuticle synthesis inhibitors, juvenile hormone inhibitors and anti-juvenile hormones, pesticide use reduction through improved application techniques and new management systems. Providing extensive bibliographic citations, Safer Insecticides is essential reading for biologists, environmental researchers, biochemists; organic, medicinal, agricultural and pesticide chemists; entomologists; toxicologists and regulatory personnel.
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ERNEST HODGSON is William Neal Reynolds Professor and head of the Department of Toxicology at North Carolina State University, Raleigh. The author of over 200 research articles and editor of almost 20 books, he is a member of the Society of Toxicology, American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, American Chemical Society, International Society for the Study of Xenobiotics, Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, and Sigma Xi. Dr. Hodgson received the B.S. degree (1954) from Kings College, University of Durham, England, and Ph.D. degree (1960) from Oregon State University, Corvallis. RONALD J. KUHR is Associate Dean of the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences and Director of the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service at North Carolina State University, Raleigh. The author or coauthor of almost 40 research papers and coeditor of four books, he is a member of the Entomological Society of America, American Chemical Society, North Carolina Entomological Society, Sigma Xi, and Gamma Sigma Delta. Dr. Kuhr received the B.S. degree (1963) from the University of WisconsinMadison, and Ph.D. degree (1966) from the University of California, Berkeley.
Inhaltsangabe
Preface Contributors 1. Introduction /Ernest Hodgson and Ronald J. Kuhr I. Introduction II. Factors Involved in Insecticide Development III. Approaches to the Development of Safer Insecticides IV. Summary and Conclusions 2. Metabolism of Xenobiotics /W. C. Dauterman and Ernest Hodgson I. Introduction II. Phase I Reactions III. Phase II Reactions IV. Nutritional Effects on Xenobiotic Metabolism V. Physiological Effects on Xenobiotic Metabolism VI. Genetic Effects on Xenobiotic Metabolism VII. Chemical Effects on Xenobiotic Metabolism 3. Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships of Insecticides /Keiichiro Nishimura, Haiime lwamura, and Toshio Fuiita I. Introduction II. Quantitative Analysis of Structure Activity Relationships III. Approaches Toward Safer Insecticides IV. Concluding Remarks 4. Endocrine Based Insecticides /Thomas C. Sparks I. Introduction II. Physiological Approaches to Insecticide Selectivity III. Approaches to Discovering New Insecticides IV. Exploiting the Insect Endocrine System V. Endocrine Based Insecticides: Potential Modes of Action VI. Conclusions 5. Nervous System Based Insecticides /Mohyee E. Eldefrawi and Amira T. Eldefrawi I. Introduction II. Voltage Dependent Ion Channels III. Neurotransmitter Receptors IV. Neurotransmitter Synthesis and Release V. Termination of Neurotransmitter Action VI. Concluding Remarks 6. Insecticides Based on Differences in Metabolic Pathways /Richard T. Mayer, G. Cunningham, and J. Gupton I. Introduction II. Chitin Synthesis Inhibitors III. Prostaglandins IV. Steroid Analogs as Insect Molting Hormone Inhibitors V. Conclusions 7. Inducers of Plant Resistance to Insects /Daniel C. Fischer, Marcos Kogan, and Patrick Greany I. Introduction II. Inducers of Plant Resistance or Susceptibility Against Insects III. Induction of Resistance by Growth Regulators, Plant Hormones, and Herbicides IV. Induction of Resistance by Previous Herbivory V. Potential Uses of Induced Resistance in Pest Management VI. Induced Resistance and Pest Management 8. Proinsecticides: Metabolically Activated Toxicants /Glenn D. Prestwich I. Fundamental Prodrug Concepts II. Proinsecticides as Prodrugs III. A Compendium of Proinsecticides IV. Future Design Strategies 9. Natural Products from Plants for the Control of Insect Pests /E. Arthur Bell, Linda E. Fellows, and Monique S. J, Simmonds I. Introduction II. Plant Based Insecticides III. The Search for New Products IV. Toxins vs. Deterrents V. Insect Perception of Secondary Compounds VI. Plant Variability and Resistance to Insect Predation VII. Acquired Tolerance of Antiinsect Compounds in Specialist Feeders VIII. Conclusions 10. Viruses and Bacteria as Sources of Insecticides /C. Y. Kawanishi and C. A. Held I. Introduction II. Microbial Properties that Affect Pesticidal Use III. Viruses IV. Bacteria V. Biotechnology and the Future of Microbial Pesticides VI. Conclusions 11. Spider Toxins as Lead Structures for Novel Pesticides /Donald L. J. Quicke and Peter N. R. Usherwood I. Introduction II. Spider Taxonomy, Biology, and Toxinology III. Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Araneid Venoms IV. Neurophysiological Effects of Araneid Spider Venoms V. Conclusions 12. An Integrated Approach for Improvements in Application Technology /Franklin R. Hall I. Introduction II. Exposure Potentials with the Use of Agrichemicals III. Trends and Developments in Application Technology IV. Physics of Application V. Biological Requirements VI. Crop Protection Technology VII. Prospectus VIII. Future Needs IX. Conclusions 13. Improved Safety Through Reduction in Use of Existing Chemicals /A. M. Agnello and J. R. Bradley, Jr. I. Introduction II. Pesticide Reduction as a Result of New Approaches III. Pesticide Reduction as a Result of New Chemistry IV. Summary 14. Safety Considerations Relating to the Manufacture of Agrichemicals in the U.S. and the Third World Gustave /K. Kohn and Stephen J. Raab I. Introduction II. The Decision to Manufacture III. Cost Benefit Analysis IV. Analytical Equipment and Its Upkeep V. Alternatives for Methyl Isocyanate and Phosgene VI. Chemical Aspects of Risk Reduction for the Manufacture of Carbamates (Urethanes) VII. Summary 15. Challenges: The Industrial Viewpoint /J. F. Engel, W. N. Harnish, and C. A. Staetz I. Introduction II. Market Considerations III. Industry Approaches IV. Constraints V. The Future Index.
Preface Contributors 1. Introduction /Ernest Hodgson and Ronald J. Kuhr I. Introduction II. Factors Involved in Insecticide Development III. Approaches to the Development of Safer Insecticides IV. Summary and Conclusions 2. Metabolism of Xenobiotics /W. C. Dauterman and Ernest Hodgson I. Introduction II. Phase I Reactions III. Phase II Reactions IV. Nutritional Effects on Xenobiotic Metabolism V. Physiological Effects on Xenobiotic Metabolism VI. Genetic Effects on Xenobiotic Metabolism VII. Chemical Effects on Xenobiotic Metabolism 3. Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships of Insecticides /Keiichiro Nishimura, Haiime lwamura, and Toshio Fuiita I. Introduction II. Quantitative Analysis of Structure Activity Relationships III. Approaches Toward Safer Insecticides IV. Concluding Remarks 4. Endocrine Based Insecticides /Thomas C. Sparks I. Introduction II. Physiological Approaches to Insecticide Selectivity III. Approaches to Discovering New Insecticides IV. Exploiting the Insect Endocrine System V. Endocrine Based Insecticides: Potential Modes of Action VI. Conclusions 5. Nervous System Based Insecticides /Mohyee E. Eldefrawi and Amira T. Eldefrawi I. Introduction II. Voltage Dependent Ion Channels III. Neurotransmitter Receptors IV. Neurotransmitter Synthesis and Release V. Termination of Neurotransmitter Action VI. Concluding Remarks 6. Insecticides Based on Differences in Metabolic Pathways /Richard T. Mayer, G. Cunningham, and J. Gupton I. Introduction II. Chitin Synthesis Inhibitors III. Prostaglandins IV. Steroid Analogs as Insect Molting Hormone Inhibitors V. Conclusions 7. Inducers of Plant Resistance to Insects /Daniel C. Fischer, Marcos Kogan, and Patrick Greany I. Introduction II. Inducers of Plant Resistance or Susceptibility Against Insects III. Induction of Resistance by Growth Regulators, Plant Hormones, and Herbicides IV. Induction of Resistance by Previous Herbivory V. Potential Uses of Induced Resistance in Pest Management VI. Induced Resistance and Pest Management 8. Proinsecticides: Metabolically Activated Toxicants /Glenn D. Prestwich I. Fundamental Prodrug Concepts II. Proinsecticides as Prodrugs III. A Compendium of Proinsecticides IV. Future Design Strategies 9. Natural Products from Plants for the Control of Insect Pests /E. Arthur Bell, Linda E. Fellows, and Monique S. J, Simmonds I. Introduction II. Plant Based Insecticides III. The Search for New Products IV. Toxins vs. Deterrents V. Insect Perception of Secondary Compounds VI. Plant Variability and Resistance to Insect Predation VII. Acquired Tolerance of Antiinsect Compounds in Specialist Feeders VIII. Conclusions 10. Viruses and Bacteria as Sources of Insecticides /C. Y. Kawanishi and C. A. Held I. Introduction II. Microbial Properties that Affect Pesticidal Use III. Viruses IV. Bacteria V. Biotechnology and the Future of Microbial Pesticides VI. Conclusions 11. Spider Toxins as Lead Structures for Novel Pesticides /Donald L. J. Quicke and Peter N. R. Usherwood I. Introduction II. Spider Taxonomy, Biology, and Toxinology III. Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Araneid Venoms IV. Neurophysiological Effects of Araneid Spider Venoms V. Conclusions 12. An Integrated Approach for Improvements in Application Technology /Franklin R. Hall I. Introduction II. Exposure Potentials with the Use of Agrichemicals III. Trends and Developments in Application Technology IV. Physics of Application V. Biological Requirements VI. Crop Protection Technology VII. Prospectus VIII. Future Needs IX. Conclusions 13. Improved Safety Through Reduction in Use of Existing Chemicals /A. M. Agnello and J. R. Bradley, Jr. I. Introduction II. Pesticide Reduction as a Result of New Approaches III. Pesticide Reduction as a Result of New Chemistry IV. Summary 14. Safety Considerations Relating to the Manufacture of Agrichemicals in the U.S. and the Third World Gustave /K. Kohn and Stephen J. Raab I. Introduction II. The Decision to Manufacture III. Cost Benefit Analysis IV. Analytical Equipment and Its Upkeep V. Alternatives for Methyl Isocyanate and Phosgene VI. Chemical Aspects of Risk Reduction for the Manufacture of Carbamates (Urethanes) VII. Summary 15. Challenges: The Industrial Viewpoint /J. F. Engel, W. N. Harnish, and C. A. Staetz I. Introduction II. Market Considerations III. Industry Approaches IV. Constraints V. The Future Index.
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