Power System Transient Analysis (eBook, ePUB)
Theory and Practice using Simulation Programs (ATP-EMTP)
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Power System Transient Analysis (eBook, ePUB)
Theory and Practice using Simulation Programs (ATP-EMTP)
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Understanding transient phenomena in electric power systems and the harmful impact of resulting disturbances is an important aspect of power system operation and resilience. Bridging the gap from theory to practice, this guide introduces the fundamentals of transient phenomena affecting electric power systems using the numerical analysis tools, Alternative Transients Program- Electromagnetic Transients Program (ATP-EMTP) and ATP-DRAW. This technology is widely-applied to recognize and solve transient problems in power networks and components giving readers a highly practical and relevant…mehr
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- Produktdetails
- Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
- Seitenzahl: 280
- Erscheinungstermin: 29. Februar 2016
- Englisch
- ISBN-13: 9781118737453
- Artikelnr.: 44714185
- Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
- Seitenzahl: 280
- Erscheinungstermin: 29. Februar 2016
- Englisch
- ISBN-13: 9781118737453
- Artikelnr.: 44714185
Fundamentals of EMTP 3 1.1 Function and Composition of EMTP 3 1.1.1 Lumped
Parameter RLC 3 1.1.2 Transmission Line 4 1.1.3 Transformer 6 1.1.4
Nonlinear Element 6 1.1.5 Arrester 6 1.1.6 Switch 7 1.1.7 Voltage and
Current Sources 7 1.1.8 Generator and Rotating Machine 7 1.1.9 Control 7
1.1.10 Support Routines 7 1.2 Features of the Calculation Method 8 1.2.1
Formulation of the Main Circuit 8 1.2.2 Calculation in TACS 12 1.2.3
Features of EMTP 13 References 16 2 Modeling of System Components 17 2.1
Overhead Transmission Lines and Underground Cables 17 2.1.1 Overhead
Transmission Line--Line Constants 17 2.1.2 Underground Cables--Cable
Parameters 37 2.2 Transformer 46 2.2.1 Single-Phase Two-Winding Transformer
46 2.2.2 Single-Phase Three-Winding Transformer 50 2.2.3 Three-Phase
One-Core Transformer--Three Legs or Five Legs 53 2.2.4 Frequency and
Transformer Modeling 55 3 Transient Currents in Power Systems 57 3.1
Short-Circuit Currents 57 3.2 Transformer Inrush Magnetizing Current 60 3.3
Transient Inrush Currents in Capacitive Circuits 62 Appendix 3.A: Example
of ATPDraw Sheets--Data3-02.acp 64 Reference 64 4 Transient at Current
Breaking 65 4.1 Short-Circuit Current Breakings 66 4.2 Capacitive Current
Switching 71 4.2.1 Switching of Capacitive Current of a No-Load Overhead
Transmission Line 72 4.2.2 Switching of Capacitive Current of a Cable 75
4.2.3 Switching of Capacitive Current of a Shunt Capacitor Bank 76 4.3
Inductive Current Switching 78 4.3.1 Current Chopping Phenomenon 78 4.3.2
Reignition 79 4.3.3 High-Frequency Extinction and Multiple Reignition 80
4.4 TRV with Parallel Capacitance in SLF Breaking 80 Appendix 4.A: Current
Injection to Various Circuit Elements 84 Appendix 4.B: TRV Calculation,
Including ITRV--Current Injection is Applied for TRV Calculation 91
Appendix 4.C: 550 kV Line Normal Breaking 97 Appendix 4.D: 300 kV, 150 MVA
Shunt Reactor Current Breaking--Current Chopping--Reignition--HF Current
Interruption 100 References 103 5 Black Box Arc Modeling 105 5.1 Mayr Arc
Model 106 5.1.1 Analysis of Phenomenon of Short-Line Fault Breaking 106
5.1.2 Analysis of Phenomenon of Shunt Reactor Switching 110 5.2 Cassie Arc
Model 112 5.2.1 Analysis of Phenomenon of Current Zero Skipping 113
Appendix 5.A: Mayr Arc Model Calculating SLF Breaking, 300 kV, 50 kA, L90
Condition 118 Appendix 5.B: Zero Skipping Current Breaking Near
Generator--Fault Current Lasting 124 Appendix 5.C: Zero Skipping Current
Breaking Near Generator--Dynamic Arc Introduced, Still Nonbreaking 131 6
Typical Power Electronics Circuits in Power Systems 135 6.1 General 135 6.2
HVDC Converter/Inverter Circuits 135 6.3 Static Var
Compensator/Thyristor-Controlled Inductor 140 6.4 PWM Self-Communicated
Type Inverter Applying the Triangular Carrier Wave Shape Principle--Applied
to SVG (Static Var Generator) 142 Appendix 6.A: Example of ATPDraw Picture
147 Reference 148 Part II Advanced Course-Special Phenomena and Various
Applications 149 7 Special Switching 151 7.1 Transformer-Limited
Short-Circuit Current Breaking 151 7.2 Transformer Winding Response to Very
Fast Transient Voltage 152 7.3 Transformer Magnetizing Current under
Geomagnetic Storm Conditions 156 7.4 Four-Armed Shunt Reactor for
Suppressing Secondary Arc in Single-Pole Rapid Reclosing 159 7.5 Switching
Four-Armed Shunt Reactor Compensated Transmission Line 162 References 163 8
Synchronous Machine Dynamics 165 8.1 Synchronous Machine Modeling and
Machine Parameters 165 8.2 Some Basic Examples 167 8.2.1 No-Load
Transmission Line Charging 167 8.2.2 Power Flow Calculation 169 8.2.3
Sudden Short-Circuiting 172 8.3 Transient Stability Analysis Applying the
Synchronous Machine Model 176 8.3.1 Classic Analysis (Equal-Area Method)
and Time Domain Analysis (EMTP) 176 8.3.2 Detailed Transients by Time
Domain Analysis: ATP-EMTP 180 8.3.3 Field Excitation Control 183 8.3.4
Back-Swing Phenomenon 186 Appendix 8.A: Short-Circuit Phenomena Observation
in d-q Domain Coordinate 190 Appendix 8.B: Starting as an Induction Motor
193 Appendix 8.C: Modeling by the No. 19 Universal Machine 195 Appendix
8.D: Example of ATPDraw Picture File: Draw8-111.acp (Figure D8.1). 197
References 198 9 Induction Machine, Doubly Fed Machine, Permanent Magnet
Machine 199 9.1 Induction Machine (Cage Rotor Type) 199 9.1.1 Machine Data
for EMTP Calculation 200 9.1.2 Zero Starting 201 9.1.3 Mechanical Torque
Load Application 204 9.1.4 Multimachines 206 9.1.5 Motor Terminal Voltage
Change 208 9.1.6 Driving by Variable Voltage and Frequency Source (VVVF)
209 9.2 Doubly Fed Machine 212 9.2.1 Operation Principle 212 9.2.2
Steady-State Calculation 213 9.2.3 Flywheel Generator Operation 213 9.3
Permanent Magnet Machine 215 9.3.1 Zero Starting (Starting by Direct AC
Voltage Source Connection) 217 9.3.2 Calculation of Transient Phenomena 217
Appendix 9.A: Doubly Fed Machine Vector Diagrams 218 Appendix 9.B: Example
of ATPDraw Picture 219 10 Machine Drive Applications 221 10.1 Small-Scale
System Composed of a Synchronous Generator and Induction Motor 221 10.1.1
Initialization 221 10.1.2 Induction Motor Starting 223 10.1.3 Application
of AVR 225 10.1.4 Inverter-Controlled VVVF Starting 226 10.2 Cycloconverter
233 10.3 Cycloconverter-Driven Synchronous Machine 237 10.3.1 Application
of Sudden Mechanical Load 237 10.3.2 Quick Starting of a
Cycloconverter-Driven Synchronous Motor 242 10.3.3 Comparison with the
Inverter-Driven System 245 10.4 Flywheel Generator: Doubly Fed Machine
Application for Transient Stability Enhancement 248 10.4.1 Initialization
249 10.4.2 Flywheel Activity in Transient Stability Enhancement 254 10.4.3
Active/Reactive Power Effect 254 10.4.4 Discussion 258 Appendix 10.A:
Example of ATPDraw Picture 260 Reference 266 Index 267
Fundamentals of EMTP 3 1.1 Function and Composition of EMTP 3 1.1.1 Lumped
Parameter RLC 3 1.1.2 Transmission Line 4 1.1.3 Transformer 6 1.1.4
Nonlinear Element 6 1.1.5 Arrester 6 1.1.6 Switch 7 1.1.7 Voltage and
Current Sources 7 1.1.8 Generator and Rotating Machine 7 1.1.9 Control 7
1.1.10 Support Routines 7 1.2 Features of the Calculation Method 8 1.2.1
Formulation of the Main Circuit 8 1.2.2 Calculation in TACS 12 1.2.3
Features of EMTP 13 References 16 2 Modeling of System Components 17 2.1
Overhead Transmission Lines and Underground Cables 17 2.1.1 Overhead
Transmission Line--Line Constants 17 2.1.2 Underground Cables--Cable
Parameters 37 2.2 Transformer 46 2.2.1 Single-Phase Two-Winding Transformer
46 2.2.2 Single-Phase Three-Winding Transformer 50 2.2.3 Three-Phase
One-Core Transformer--Three Legs or Five Legs 53 2.2.4 Frequency and
Transformer Modeling 55 3 Transient Currents in Power Systems 57 3.1
Short-Circuit Currents 57 3.2 Transformer Inrush Magnetizing Current 60 3.3
Transient Inrush Currents in Capacitive Circuits 62 Appendix 3.A: Example
of ATPDraw Sheets--Data3-02.acp 64 Reference 64 4 Transient at Current
Breaking 65 4.1 Short-Circuit Current Breakings 66 4.2 Capacitive Current
Switching 71 4.2.1 Switching of Capacitive Current of a No-Load Overhead
Transmission Line 72 4.2.2 Switching of Capacitive Current of a Cable 75
4.2.3 Switching of Capacitive Current of a Shunt Capacitor Bank 76 4.3
Inductive Current Switching 78 4.3.1 Current Chopping Phenomenon 78 4.3.2
Reignition 79 4.3.3 High-Frequency Extinction and Multiple Reignition 80
4.4 TRV with Parallel Capacitance in SLF Breaking 80 Appendix 4.A: Current
Injection to Various Circuit Elements 84 Appendix 4.B: TRV Calculation,
Including ITRV--Current Injection is Applied for TRV Calculation 91
Appendix 4.C: 550 kV Line Normal Breaking 97 Appendix 4.D: 300 kV, 150 MVA
Shunt Reactor Current Breaking--Current Chopping--Reignition--HF Current
Interruption 100 References 103 5 Black Box Arc Modeling 105 5.1 Mayr Arc
Model 106 5.1.1 Analysis of Phenomenon of Short-Line Fault Breaking 106
5.1.2 Analysis of Phenomenon of Shunt Reactor Switching 110 5.2 Cassie Arc
Model 112 5.2.1 Analysis of Phenomenon of Current Zero Skipping 113
Appendix 5.A: Mayr Arc Model Calculating SLF Breaking, 300 kV, 50 kA, L90
Condition 118 Appendix 5.B: Zero Skipping Current Breaking Near
Generator--Fault Current Lasting 124 Appendix 5.C: Zero Skipping Current
Breaking Near Generator--Dynamic Arc Introduced, Still Nonbreaking 131 6
Typical Power Electronics Circuits in Power Systems 135 6.1 General 135 6.2
HVDC Converter/Inverter Circuits 135 6.3 Static Var
Compensator/Thyristor-Controlled Inductor 140 6.4 PWM Self-Communicated
Type Inverter Applying the Triangular Carrier Wave Shape Principle--Applied
to SVG (Static Var Generator) 142 Appendix 6.A: Example of ATPDraw Picture
147 Reference 148 Part II Advanced Course-Special Phenomena and Various
Applications 149 7 Special Switching 151 7.1 Transformer-Limited
Short-Circuit Current Breaking 151 7.2 Transformer Winding Response to Very
Fast Transient Voltage 152 7.3 Transformer Magnetizing Current under
Geomagnetic Storm Conditions 156 7.4 Four-Armed Shunt Reactor for
Suppressing Secondary Arc in Single-Pole Rapid Reclosing 159 7.5 Switching
Four-Armed Shunt Reactor Compensated Transmission Line 162 References 163 8
Synchronous Machine Dynamics 165 8.1 Synchronous Machine Modeling and
Machine Parameters 165 8.2 Some Basic Examples 167 8.2.1 No-Load
Transmission Line Charging 167 8.2.2 Power Flow Calculation 169 8.2.3
Sudden Short-Circuiting 172 8.3 Transient Stability Analysis Applying the
Synchronous Machine Model 176 8.3.1 Classic Analysis (Equal-Area Method)
and Time Domain Analysis (EMTP) 176 8.3.2 Detailed Transients by Time
Domain Analysis: ATP-EMTP 180 8.3.3 Field Excitation Control 183 8.3.4
Back-Swing Phenomenon 186 Appendix 8.A: Short-Circuit Phenomena Observation
in d-q Domain Coordinate 190 Appendix 8.B: Starting as an Induction Motor
193 Appendix 8.C: Modeling by the No. 19 Universal Machine 195 Appendix
8.D: Example of ATPDraw Picture File: Draw8-111.acp (Figure D8.1). 197
References 198 9 Induction Machine, Doubly Fed Machine, Permanent Magnet
Machine 199 9.1 Induction Machine (Cage Rotor Type) 199 9.1.1 Machine Data
for EMTP Calculation 200 9.1.2 Zero Starting 201 9.1.3 Mechanical Torque
Load Application 204 9.1.4 Multimachines 206 9.1.5 Motor Terminal Voltage
Change 208 9.1.6 Driving by Variable Voltage and Frequency Source (VVVF)
209 9.2 Doubly Fed Machine 212 9.2.1 Operation Principle 212 9.2.2
Steady-State Calculation 213 9.2.3 Flywheel Generator Operation 213 9.3
Permanent Magnet Machine 215 9.3.1 Zero Starting (Starting by Direct AC
Voltage Source Connection) 217 9.3.2 Calculation of Transient Phenomena 217
Appendix 9.A: Doubly Fed Machine Vector Diagrams 218 Appendix 9.B: Example
of ATPDraw Picture 219 10 Machine Drive Applications 221 10.1 Small-Scale
System Composed of a Synchronous Generator and Induction Motor 221 10.1.1
Initialization 221 10.1.2 Induction Motor Starting 223 10.1.3 Application
of AVR 225 10.1.4 Inverter-Controlled VVVF Starting 226 10.2 Cycloconverter
233 10.3 Cycloconverter-Driven Synchronous Machine 237 10.3.1 Application
of Sudden Mechanical Load 237 10.3.2 Quick Starting of a
Cycloconverter-Driven Synchronous Motor 242 10.3.3 Comparison with the
Inverter-Driven System 245 10.4 Flywheel Generator: Doubly Fed Machine
Application for Transient Stability Enhancement 248 10.4.1 Initialization
249 10.4.2 Flywheel Activity in Transient Stability Enhancement 254 10.4.3
Active/Reactive Power Effect 254 10.4.4 Discussion 258 Appendix 10.A:
Example of ATPDraw Picture 260 Reference 266 Index 267