Frank M. Dunnivant, Elliot Anders

Pollutant Fate and Transport in Environmental Multimedia (eBook, PDF)

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

Bridges the gaps between regulatory, engineering, and science disciplines in order to comprehensively cover pollutant fate and transport in environmental multimedia This book presents and integrates all aspects of fate and transport: chemistry, modeling, various forms of assessment, and the environmental legal framework. It approaches each of these topics initially from a conceptual perspective before explaining the concepts in terms of the math necessary to model the problem so that students of all levels can learn and eventually contribute to the advancement of water quality science. The first third of Pollutant Fate and Transport in Environmental Multimedia is dedicated to the relevant aspects of chemistry behind the fate and transport processes. It provides relatively simple examples and problems to teach these principles. The second third of the book is based on the conceptual derivation and the use of common models to evaluate the importance of model parameters and sensitivity analysis; complex equation derivations are given in appendices. Computer exercises and available simulators teach and enforce the concepts and logic behind fate and transport modeling. The last third of the book is focused on various aspects of assessment (toxicology, risk, benefit-cost, and life cycle) and environmental legislation in the US, Europe, and China. The book closes with a set of laboratory exercises that illustrate chemical and fate and transport concepts covered in the text, with example results for most experiments. * Features more introductory material on past environmental disasters and the continued need to study environmental chemistry and engineering * Covers chemical toxicology with various forms of assessment, United States, European, and Chinese regulations, and advanced fate and transport modeling and regulatory implications * Provides a conceptual and relatively simple mathematical approach to fate and transport modeling, yet complex derivations of most equations are given in appendices * Integrates the use of numerous software packages (pC-pH, EnviroLab Simulators, Water, Wastewater, and Global Issues), and Fate2016 * Contains numerous easy-to-understand examples and problems along with answers for most end-of-the-chapter problems, and simulators for answers to fate and transport questions * Includes numerous companion laboratory experiments with EnviroLab Requiring just a basic knowledge of algebra and first-year college chemistry to start, Pollutant Fate and Transport in Environmental Multimedia is an excellent textbook for upper-level undergraduate and graduate faculty and students studying environmental engineering and science.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 416
• Erscheinungstermin: 21. März 2019
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119414636
• Artikelnr.: 56060476

Autorenporträt

FRANK M. DUNNIVANT, PHD, is currently a professor in the Department of Chemistry, Whitman College. He has worked for several labs including the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, and the Swiss Federal Institute for Water and Waste Water Pollution (EAWAG). He has extensive experience with practical applications, research, and writing on environmental engineering and analytical science topics. ELLIOT ANDERS holds a degree in Environmental Chemistry, works as a software engineer with a commitment to social justice and improving the environment, and is a cofounder of Educational Solutions, LLC.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xi

Acknowledgments xiii

Acronyms xv

Glossary xix

About the Companion Website xxiii

To the Instructor xxv

To the Student xxvii

To the Environmental Professional xxix

How to Use the Book with Fate® and Associated Software xxxi

Instructor/Student Resources xxxiii

Part I Introduction 1

1 Sources and Types of Pollutants, Why We Need Modeling, and the Need to Study Historical Pollution Events 3

1.1 Introduction 3

1.2 Need for Modeling of Pollutants in Environmental Media 4

1.3 Pollution versus Contamination; Pollutant versus Contaminant 4

1.4 Pollution Classifications 5

1.5 Sources of Pollution 5

1.6 Historic Examples of Where Fate and Transport Modeling Are Useful 10

1.7 Environmental Laws 21

Concepts 22

Exercises 22

Bibliography 22

Part II Chemistry of Fate and Transport Modeling 25

2 Basic Chemical Processes in Pollutant Fate and Transport Modeling 27

2.1 The Liquid Medium: Water and the Water Cycle 27

2.2 Unique Properties of Water 28

2.3 Concentration Units 32

2.4 Chemical Aspects of Environmental Systems 32

2.5 Reactions and Equilibrium 44

2.6 Complexation 53

2.7 Equilibrium Sorption Phenomena 54

2.8 Transformation/Degradation Reactions 63

2.9 Fugacity Concepts and Modeling 67

2.10 Summary 68

Concepts 68

Exercises 68

References 69

3 Quantitative Aspects of Chemistry Toward Modeling 71

3.1 Introduction 71

3.2 Calculation of the Free Metal Ion Concentration in Natural Waters 71

3.3 Methods for Determining Kd and Kp 83

3.4 Kinetics of the Sorption Process 85

3.5 Sorption Isotherms 87

3.6 Kinetics of Transformation Reactions 89

3.7 Numerical Chemical Speciation Models 90

3.8 Putting It All Together: Where Chemistry Enters Into the Modeling Effort 91

3.9 Basic Approach to Fate and Transport Modeling 93

Exercises 95

Bibliography 99

Part III Modeling 101

4 An Overview of Pollutant Fate and Transport Modeling 103

4.1 Modeling Approaches 103

4.2 Quality of Modeling Results 109

4.3 What Do You Do with Your Modeling Results? 109

Bibliography 110

5 Fate and Transport Concepts for Lake Systems 111

Case Study 1: Lake Onondaga 111

Case Study 2: Lake Erie, A More Positive Example 112

Chapter Overview 112

5.1 Introduction 112

5.2 Types of Lakes and Lake-forming Events 113

5.3 Input Sources 117

5.4 Stratification of Lake Systems 118

5.5 Environmental Sampling of Lake Systems 120

5.6 Important Factors in the Modeling of Lakes: Conceptual Model Development 122

5.7 Two Basic Mathematical Models for Lakes (Derivation by John Brooksbank in the Chapter Appendix) 126

5.8 Sensitivity Analysis 130

5.9 Limitations of Our Models 131

5.10 Remediation 131

5.11 Numerical Modeling Approaches for Large Lakes 133

5.12 Useful Algebraic Model Formulation 133

5.A Derivation of the two basic forms of fate and transport models for lake system: step (continuous) model and pulse (instantaneous) (derivations by John Brooksbank) 134

Concepts 136

Exercises 136

Bibliography 139

6 Fate and Transport of Pollutants in Rivers and Streams 141

Case Study: The Rhine River 141

6.1 Introduct