Stephen E. Bialkowski, Nelson G. C. Astrath, Mikhail A. Proskurnin

Photothermal Spectroscopy Methods (eBook, PDF)

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

Covers the advantages of using photothermal spectroscopy over conventional absorption spectroscopy, including facilitating extremely sensitive measurements and non-destructive analysis This unique guide to the application and theory of photothermal spectroscopy has been newly revised and updated to include new methods and applications and expands on applications to chemical analysis and material science. The book covers the subject from the ground up, lists all practical considerations needed to obtain accurate results, and provides a working knowledge of the various methods in use. Photothermal Spectroscopy Methods, Second Edition includes the latest methods of solid state and materials analysis, and describes new chemical analysis procedures and apparatuses in the analytical chemistry sections. It offers a detailed look at the optics, physical principles of heat transfer, and signal analysis. Information in the temperature change and optical elements in homogeneous samples and photothermal spectroscopy in homogeneous samples has been updated with a better description of diffraction effects and calculations. Chapters on analytical measurement and data processing and analytical applications are also updated and include new information on modern applications and photothermal microscopy. Finally, the Photothermal Spectroscopy of Heterogeneous Sample chapter has been expanded to incorporate new methods for materials analysis. * New edition updates and expands on applications to chemical analysis and materials science, including new methods of solid state and materials analysis * Includes new chemical analysis procedures and apparatuses * Provides an unmatched resource that develops a consistent mathematical basis for signal description, consolidates previous theories, and provides invaluable insight into laser technology Photothermal Spectroscopy Methods, Second Edition will appeal to researchers from both academia and industry (graduate students, postdocs, research scientists, and professors) in the general field of analytical chemistry, optics, and materials science, and researchers and engineers at scientific instrument developers in fields related to photonics and spectroscopy.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 512
• Erscheinungstermin: 21. März 2019
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119279082
• Artikelnr.: 56139259

Autorenporträt

Stephen E. Bialkowski, PhD, is Professor of Chemical Analysis at Utah State University with interests in atmospheric chemistry, spectroscopy, nonlinear optics, and chemometrics. Nelson G. C. Astrath, PhD, is Associate Professor in the Department of Physics at Universidade Estadual de Maringá with interests in photothermal sciences and light and matter interaction effects. Mikhail A. Proskurnin, PhD, is Professor in Analytical Chemistry in the Department of Chemistry at Lomonosov Moscow State University with interests in photonics, analytical spectroscopy, and photothermal spectroscopy in analytical and physical chemistry and applied materials science and biomedical research.

Inhaltsangabe

About the Authors xiii

Preface xv

Acknowledgments xix

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Photothermal Spectroscopy 1

1.2 Basic Processes in Photothermal Spectroscopy 3

1.3 Photothermal Spectroscopy Methods 5

1.4 Application of Photothermal Spectroscopy 9

1.5 Illustrative History and Classification of Photothermal Spectroscopy Methods 10

1.5.1 Nature of the Photothermal Effect 10

1.5.2 Photoacoustic Spectroscopy 11

1.5.3 Single-Beam Photothermal Lens Spectroscopy 14

1.5.4 Photothermal Z-scan Technique 18

1.5.5 Photothermal Interferometry 20

1.5.6 Two-Beam Photothermal Lens Spectroscopy 25

1.5.7 Photothermal Lens Microscopy 27

1.5.8 Photothermal Deflection, Refraction, and Diffraction 31

1.5.9 Photothermal Mirror 38

1.5.10 Photothermal IR Microspectroscopy 41

1.5.11 Photothermal Radiometry 44

1.5.12 Historic Summary 47

1.6 Some Important Features of Photothermal Spectroscopy 48

References 50

2 Absorption, Energy Transfer, and Excited State Relaxation 57

2.1 Factors Affecting Optical Absorption 57

2.2 Optical Excitation 63

2.2.1 Kinetic Treatment of Optical Transitions 63

2.2.2 Nonradiative Transitions 69

2.3 Excited State Relaxation 72

2.3.1 Rotational and Vibrational Relaxation 73

2.3.2 Electronic States and Transitions 78

2.3.3 Electronic State Relaxation 80

2.4 Relaxation Kinetics 85

2.5 Nonlinear Absorption 88

2.5.1 Multiphoton Absorption 90

2.5.2 Optical Saturation of Two-Level Transitions 91

2.5.3 Optical Bleaching 93

2.5.4 Response Times During Optical Bleaching 95

2.5.5 Optical Bleaching of Organic Dyes 96

2.5.6 Relaxation for Impulse Excitation 98

2.5.7 Multiple Photon Absorption 99

2.6 Absorbed Energy 101

References 104

3 Hydrodynamic Relaxation: Heat Transfer and Acoustics 107

3.1 Local Equilibrium 107

3.2 Thermodynamic and Optical Parameters in Photothermal Spectroscopy 108

3.2.1 Enthalpy and Temperature 108

3.2.2 Energy and Dynamic Change 111

3.3 Conservation Equations 111

3.4 Hydrodynamic Equations 116

3.5 Hydrodynamic Response to Photothermal Excitation 118

3.5.1 Solving the Hydrodynamic Equations 119

3.5.2 Thermal Diffusion Mode 121

3.5.3 Fourier-Laplace Solutions for the Thermal Diffusion Equation 122

3.5.4 Propagating Mode 124

3.5.5 Summary of Hydrodynamic Mode Solutions 125

3.6 Density Response to Impulse Excitation 126

3.6.1 One-Dimensional Case 127

3.6.2 Two-Dimensional Cylindrically Symmetric Example 129

3.6.3 Coupled Solutions 137

3.7 Solutions Including Mass Diffusion 138

3.8 Effect of Hydrodynamic Relaxation on Temperature 143

3.9 Thermodynamic Fluctuation 145

3.10 Noise Equivalent Density Fluctuation 146

3.11 Summary 150

Appendix 3.A Thermodynamic Parameter Calculation 150

Appendix 3.B Propagating Mode Impulse Response for Polar Coordinates in Infinite Media 151

References 153

4 Temperature Change, Thermoelastic Deformation, and Optical Elements in Homogeneous Samples 155

4.1 Temperature Change from Gaussian Excitation Sources 156

4.1.1 Thermal Diffusion Approximation 156

4.1.2 Gaussian Laser Excitation of Optically Thin Samples 157

4.1.3 Short Pulse Laser Excitation 159

4.1.4 Continuou