Andrei M. Shkel, Yusheng Wang

Pedestrian Inertial Navigation with Self-Contained Aiding (eBook, ePUB)

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

Explore an insightful summary of the major self-contained aiding technologies for pedestrian navigation from established and emerging leaders in the field Pedestrian Inertial Navigation with Self-Contained Aiding delivers a comprehensive and broad treatment of self-contained aiding techniques in pedestrian inertial navigation. The book combines an introduction to the general concept of navigation and major navigation and aiding techniques with more specific discussions of topics central to the field, as well as an exploration of the future of the future of the field: Ultimate Navigation Chip (uNavChip) technology. The most commonly used implementation of pedestrian inertial navigation, strapdown inertial navigation, is discussed at length, as are the mechanization, implementation, error analysis, and adaptivity of zero-velocity update aided inertial navigation algorithms. The book demonstrates the implementation of ultrasonic sensors, ultra-wide band (UWB) sensors, and magnetic sensors. Ranging techniques are considered as well, including both foot-to-foot ranging and inter-agent ranging, and learning algorithms, navigation with signals of opportunity, and cooperative localization are discussed. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: * A thorough introduction to the general concept of navigation as well as major navigation and aiding techniques * An exploration of inertial navigation implementation, Inertial Measurement Units, and strapdown inertial navigation * A discussion of error analysis in strapdown inertial navigation, as well as the motivation of aiding techniques for pedestrian inertial navigation * A treatment of the zero-velocity update (ZUPT) aided inertial navigation algorithm, including its mechanization, implementation, error analysis, and adaptivity Perfect for students and researchers in the field who seek a broad understanding of the subject, Pedestrian Inertial Navigation with Self-Contained Aiding will also earn a place in the libraries of industrial researchers and industrial marketing analysts who need a self-contained summary of the foundational elements of the field.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 192
• Erscheinungstermin: 10. August 2021
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119699897
• Artikelnr.: 62420644

Autorenporträt

YUSHENG WANG, PhD, received the B.Eng. degree (Hons.) in engineering mechanics from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 2014 and the Ph.D. degree in mechanical and aerospace engineering from the University of California, Irvine, CA, in 2020. His research interests include the development of silicon-based and fused quartz-based MEMS resonators and gyroscopes, and pedestrian inertial navigation development with sensor fusion. He is currently working at SiTime Corporation as an MEMS Development Engineer. ANDREI M. SHKEL, PhD, has been on faculty at the University of California, Irvine since 2000, and served as a Program Manager in the Microsystems Technology Office of DARPA. His research interests are reflected in over 300 publications, 42 patents, and 3 books. Dr. Shkel has been on a number of editorial boards, including Editor of IEEE/ASME JMEMS, Journal of Gyroscopy and Navigation, and the founding chair of the IEEE Inertial Sensors. He was awarded the Office of the Secretary of Defense Medal for Exceptional Public Service in 2013, and the 2009 IEEE Sensors Council Technical Achievement Award. He is the President of the IEEE Sensors Council and the IEEE Fellow.

Inhaltsangabe

Author Biographies xi

List of Figures xiii

List of Tables xix

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Navigation 1

1.2 Inertial Navigation 2

1.3 Pedestrian Inertial Navigation 5

1.3.1 Approaches 6

1.3.2 IMU Mounting Positions 7

1.3.3 Summary 8

1.4 Aiding Techniques for Inertial Navigation 9

1.4.1 Non-self-contained Aiding Techniques 9

1.4.1.1 Aiding Techniques Based on Natural Signals 9

1.4.1.2 Aiding Techniques Based on Artificial Signals 10

1.4.2 Self-contained Aiding Techniques 11

1.5 Outline of the Book 13

References 13

2 Inertial Sensors and Inertial Measurement Units 17

2.1 Accelerometers 17

2.1.1 Static Accelerometers 17

2.1.2 Resonant Accelerometers 19

2.2 Gyroscopes 21

2.2.1 Mechanical Gyroscopes 21

2.2.2 Optical Gyroscopes 22

2.2.2.1 Ring Laser Gyroscopes 22

2.2.2.2 Fiber Optic Gyroscopes 23

2.2.3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Gyroscopes 24

2.2.4 MEMS Vibratory Gyroscopes 24

2.2.4.1 Principle of Operation 25

2.2.4.2 Mode of Operation 25

2.2.4.3 Error Analysis 27

2.3 Inertial Measurement Units 28

2.3.1 Multi-sensor Assembly Approach 28

2.3.2 Single-Chip Approach 29

2.3.3 Device Folding Approach 30

2.3.4 Chip-Stacking Approach 31

2.4 Conclusions 32

References 32

3 Strapdown Inertial Navigation Mechanism 37

3.1 Reference Frame 37

3.2 Navigation Mechanism in the Inertial Frame 38

3.3 Navigation Mechanism in the Navigation Frame 40

3.4 Initialization 41

3.4.1 Tilt Sensing 42

3.4.2 Gyrocompassing 43

3.4.3 Magnetic Heading Estimation 44

3.5 Conclusions 45

References 45

4 Navigation Error Analysis in Strapdown Inertial Navigation 47

4.1 Error Source Analysis 47

4.1.1 Inertial Sensor Errors 48

4.1.2 Assembly Errors 51

4.1.3 Definition of IMU Grades 53

4.1.3.1 Consumer Grade 54

4.1.3.2 Industrial Grade 54

4.1.3.3 Tactical Grade 55

4.1.3.4 Navigation Grade 55

4.2 IMU Error Reduction 55

4.2.1 Six-Position Calibration 55

4.2.2 Multi-position Calibration 57

4.3 Error Accumulation Analysis 57

4.3.1 Error Propagation in Two-Dimensional Navigation 58

4.3.2 Error Propagation in Navigation Frame 61

4.4 Conclusions 62

References 63

5 Zero-Velocity Update Aided Pedestrian Inertial Navigation 65

5.1 Zero-Velocity Update Overview 65

5.2 Zero-Velocity Update Algorithm 68

5.2.1 Extended Kalman Filter 68

5.2.2 EKF in Pedestrian Inertial Navigation 70

5.2.3 Zero-Velocity Update Implementation 70

5.3 Parameter Selection 73

5.4 Conclusions 76

References 76

6 Navigation Error Analysis in the ZUPT-Aided Pedestrian Inertial Navigation 79

6.1 Human Gait Biomechanical Model 79

6.1.1 Foot Motion in Torso Frame 80

6.1.2 Foot Motion in Navigation Frame 80

6.1.3 Parameterization of Trajectory 81

6.2 Navigation Error Analysis 83

6.2.1 Starting Point 83

6.2.2 Covariance Increase During Swing Phase 84

6.2.3 Covariance Decrease During the Stance Phase 87

6.2.4 Covariance Level Estimation 88

6.2.5 Observations 92

6.3 Verification of Analysis 93

6.3.1 Numerical Verification 93