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Taking a coherent and logical approach, this book describes the potential use of co-ordinated multipoint systems supported by radio over fiber. It covers an impressive breadth of topics, ranging from components, subsystem and system architecture, to network management and business perspectives. The authors show the importance of radio over fiber in eliminating or mitigating against the current, perceived barriers to the use of co-ordinated multipoint, and the drivers for standardisation activities in future mobile/wireless systems over the next few years. The book brings together the system…mehr
Taking a coherent and logical approach, this book describes the potential use of co-ordinated multipoint systems supported by radio over fiber. It covers an impressive breadth of topics, ranging from components, subsystem and system architecture, to network management and business perspectives. The authors show the importance of radio over fiber in eliminating or mitigating against the current, perceived barriers to the use of co-ordinated multipoint, and the drivers for standardisation activities in future mobile/wireless systems over the next few years. The book brings together the system concept for centralized processing, including what is required for co-existence with legacy wireless systems, the algorithms that can be used for improving wireless bandwidth utilization at physical and MAC layers and the radio over fiber network and link design necessary to support the wireless system. Other important research is also covered as the authors look at compensating for radio over fiber impairments and providing simple network management functions. A study of service provision and the business case for such a future wireless system is also fully considered. This book comes at an important time for future wireless systems with standardization of fourth generation wireless systems still ongoing. The content enables readers to make key decisions about future standardisation and their own research work. The business analysis also makes the book useful to those involved in deciding the future directions of telecoms organisations. This information will be core to their decision-making as it provides technical knowledge of the state-of-the-art but also system level assessments of what is possible in a business environment.
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Nathan J. Gomes, University of Kent, UK Dr Gomes is Reader in Broadband Communications at University Of Kent, UK. He received a BSc degree from the University of Sussex, in 1984 and a PhD degree from University College London, in 1988, both in Electronic Engineering. From 1988 to 1989, he held a Royal Society European Exchange Fellowship at ENST, Paris, France. Since late 1989, he has been at University of Kent and has led a number of national and EU projects and published extensively in international journals and conferences. Paulo Monteiro, Nokia Siemens Networks, Portugal Paulo Monteiro received his diploma and his PhD degrees in Electronics and Telecommunications from the University of Aveiro, Portugal. He is Optical Networks Technology Manager in the Transport, Aggregation and Fixed Access Department of Nokia Siemens Networks. He is also an Associate Professor at the University of Aveiro and Researcher at the Instituto de Telecomunicações. He was the project coordinator of the Large-scale integrating project FUTON. He has authored/co-authored more than 15 patent applications and over 200 refereed papers and conference contributions. Atílio Gameiro, University of Aveiro, Portugal Atilio Gameiro received his Licenciatura and his PhD from the University of Aveiro in 1985 and 1993 respectively. He is currently a Professor in the University of Aveiro, and a Group Head at the Instituto de Telec., Pólo de Aveiro, Portugal. His industrial experience includes a period of one year at BT Labs and one year at NKT Elektronik. He has published over 120 technical papers in international journals and conferences. He has been involved and has led several national and European projects in the field of mobile communications.
Inhaltsangabe
List of Contributors xiii Foreword xv Preface xvii Acknowledgments xxi List of Abbreviations xxiii 1 Background and Introduction 1 Paulo P. Monteiro, At?lio Gameiro and Nathan J. Gomes 1.1 The Trends and Challenges to Achieving 4G Wireless 2 1.2 The FUTON Concept for Next-Generation Distributed and Heterogeneous Radio Architectures 8 1.3 Overview of this Book 12 2 Trends inWireless Communications 17 Aarne Mammela, Mika Lasanen and Jarno Pinola 2.1 Introduction 17 2.2 Basic Transmission Problems and Solutions 18 2.3 Regulation and Standardization 37 2.4 Conclusions 41 3 System Concepts for the Central Processing of Signals 47 At?lio Gameiro and Daniel Castanheira 3.1 Introduction 47 3.2 Wireless Trends 48 3.3 Architecture Options 51 3.4 The Global Centralized Architecture 52 3.5 FUTON Scenarios 55 3.6 The Optical Infrastructure 58 3.7 Conclusions 60 4 Introduction to Radio over Fiber 61 Nathan J. Gomes and David Wake 4.1 Introduction 61 4.2 The Concept of a Radio over Fiber System 62 4.3 Categories of Radio over Fiber Systems 64 4.4 Performance of Radio over Fiber Systems 72 4.5 Applications of Radio over Fiber Technology 79 4.6 Conclusions 84 5 Radio over Fiber System Design for Distributed Broadband Wireless Systems 91 David Wake and Nathan J. Gomes 5.1 Introduction 91 5.2 Radio over Fiber Link Design Issues 93 5.3 Example Link Design 97 5.4 Analog or Digital Transmission? 108 5.5 Conclusions 110 6 Optical Network Architectures for the Support of Future Wireless Systems 113 S?lvia Pato and Jo~ao Pedro 6.1 Introduction 113 6.2 Using PONs to Support Radio over Fiber Services 114 6.3 Candidate Architectures 117 6.4 Power-Loss Budget Analysis 122 6.5 Comparative Economic Analysis 128 6.6 Support of Legacy Systems 130 6.7 Conclusions 131 7 Optical Transmitters for Low-Cost Broadband Transport 133 Guilhem de Valicourt, Romain Brenot, Frederic Van Dijk and Guanghua Duan 7.1 Introduction 133 7.2 Basics of Semiconductor Lasers and Reflective SOAs 133 7.3 Semiconductor Lasers for Radio over Fiber Applications 139 7.4 Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers 148 7.5 Conclusions 157 8 Algorithms for Coordinated Multipoint Techniques 159 Fabian Diehm, Mohamed Kamoun and Gerhard Fettweis 8.1 Introduction 159 8.2 Basic Ideas about CoMP 160 8.3 CoMP in Cellular Systems: Benefits and Practical Design 163 8.4 Numerical Illustrations of CoMP Concepts 169 8.5 CoMP in the FUTON System Concept 174 8.6 The FUTON Prototype: CoMP with the FUTON RoF Architecture 177 8.7 Conclusions 186 9 Cross-Layer Resource Allocation and Scheduling 191 Ilkka Harjula, Mikko Hiivala, Vinay Uday Prabhu, Dimitris Toumpakaris and Huiling Zhu 9.1 Introduction 191 9.2 Low-Complexity Chunk-Based Resource Allocation for the Downlink 192 9.3 Modified MAC-Aware Per-User Unitary Rate Control Scheme 197 9.4 Channel Estimation Based on Superimposed Pilots 201 9.5 Conclusions 209 10 Compensation of Impairments in the Radio over Fiber Infrastructure 211 Atso Hekkala, Mika Lasanen, Mikko Hiivala, Luis Vieira, Nathan J. Gomes, Vincent Kotzsch and Gerhard Fettweis 10.1 Introduction 211 10.2 Compensation Techniques for RoF Links 212 10.3 RoF Link Model 214 10.4 Distortion Compensation Algorithms and Architectures 222 10.5 Distortion Compensation Analyses, Simulations and Measurements 227 10.6 Impact of Timing Delays in Centralized Distributed Antenna Systems 232 10.7 Conclusions 243 11 Radio over Fiber Network Management 247 Carlos Santiago, Bodhisattwa Gangopadhyay and ArturArsenio 11.1 Introduction 247 11.2 Overview of RoF Management Systems 248 11.3 RoF Manager Architecture 251 11.4 Interoperation of RoF Manager and Middleware 256 11.5 Conclusions 262 12 System-Level Evaluation 265 Ramiro Samano-Robles and At?lio Gameiro 12.1 Introduction 265 12.2 System-Level Simulation of Wireless Networks and DAS 269 12.3 The FUTON System-Level Simulator 272 12.4 Radio Resource Management Implementation for the DBWS 285 12.5 Results of the Simulation 286 12.6 Conclusions 289 13 Business Evaluation and Perspectives 291 George Agapiou, Vitor Sim~oes Ribeiro, Angela Maria Ferro Venturi, Silmar Freire Palmeira and A. Manuel de Oliveira Duarte 13.1 Introduction 291 13.2 Evolution of Services in Advanced Access Technologies 292 13.3 Business Model Description 293 13.4 Business Plan 294 13.5 Market Characterization 296 13.6 Modeling the Business Plan 297 13.7 Deployment Models 304 13.8 Conclusions 312 14 Summary and Conclusions 313 Paulo P. Monteiro, At?lio Gameiro and Nathan J. Gomes 14.1 Introduction 313 14.2 Main Achievements of the FUTON Project 313 14.3 Technical Benefits 314 14.4 Business Benefits 315 14.5 Business Vision 315 References 316 Index 317
List of Contributors xiii Foreword xv Preface xvii Acknowledgments xxi List of Abbreviations xxiii 1 Background and Introduction 1 Paulo P. Monteiro, At?lio Gameiro and Nathan J. Gomes 1.1 The Trends and Challenges to Achieving 4G Wireless 2 1.2 The FUTON Concept for Next-Generation Distributed and Heterogeneous Radio Architectures 8 1.3 Overview of this Book 12 2 Trends inWireless Communications 17 Aarne Mammela, Mika Lasanen and Jarno Pinola 2.1 Introduction 17 2.2 Basic Transmission Problems and Solutions 18 2.3 Regulation and Standardization 37 2.4 Conclusions 41 3 System Concepts for the Central Processing of Signals 47 At?lio Gameiro and Daniel Castanheira 3.1 Introduction 47 3.2 Wireless Trends 48 3.3 Architecture Options 51 3.4 The Global Centralized Architecture 52 3.5 FUTON Scenarios 55 3.6 The Optical Infrastructure 58 3.7 Conclusions 60 4 Introduction to Radio over Fiber 61 Nathan J. Gomes and David Wake 4.1 Introduction 61 4.2 The Concept of a Radio over Fiber System 62 4.3 Categories of Radio over Fiber Systems 64 4.4 Performance of Radio over Fiber Systems 72 4.5 Applications of Radio over Fiber Technology 79 4.6 Conclusions 84 5 Radio over Fiber System Design for Distributed Broadband Wireless Systems 91 David Wake and Nathan J. Gomes 5.1 Introduction 91 5.2 Radio over Fiber Link Design Issues 93 5.3 Example Link Design 97 5.4 Analog or Digital Transmission? 108 5.5 Conclusions 110 6 Optical Network Architectures for the Support of Future Wireless Systems 113 S?lvia Pato and Jo~ao Pedro 6.1 Introduction 113 6.2 Using PONs to Support Radio over Fiber Services 114 6.3 Candidate Architectures 117 6.4 Power-Loss Budget Analysis 122 6.5 Comparative Economic Analysis 128 6.6 Support of Legacy Systems 130 6.7 Conclusions 131 7 Optical Transmitters for Low-Cost Broadband Transport 133 Guilhem de Valicourt, Romain Brenot, Frederic Van Dijk and Guanghua Duan 7.1 Introduction 133 7.2 Basics of Semiconductor Lasers and Reflective SOAs 133 7.3 Semiconductor Lasers for Radio over Fiber Applications 139 7.4 Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers 148 7.5 Conclusions 157 8 Algorithms for Coordinated Multipoint Techniques 159 Fabian Diehm, Mohamed Kamoun and Gerhard Fettweis 8.1 Introduction 159 8.2 Basic Ideas about CoMP 160 8.3 CoMP in Cellular Systems: Benefits and Practical Design 163 8.4 Numerical Illustrations of CoMP Concepts 169 8.5 CoMP in the FUTON System Concept 174 8.6 The FUTON Prototype: CoMP with the FUTON RoF Architecture 177 8.7 Conclusions 186 9 Cross-Layer Resource Allocation and Scheduling 191 Ilkka Harjula, Mikko Hiivala, Vinay Uday Prabhu, Dimitris Toumpakaris and Huiling Zhu 9.1 Introduction 191 9.2 Low-Complexity Chunk-Based Resource Allocation for the Downlink 192 9.3 Modified MAC-Aware Per-User Unitary Rate Control Scheme 197 9.4 Channel Estimation Based on Superimposed Pilots 201 9.5 Conclusions 209 10 Compensation of Impairments in the Radio over Fiber Infrastructure 211 Atso Hekkala, Mika Lasanen, Mikko Hiivala, Luis Vieira, Nathan J. Gomes, Vincent Kotzsch and Gerhard Fettweis 10.1 Introduction 211 10.2 Compensation Techniques for RoF Links 212 10.3 RoF Link Model 214 10.4 Distortion Compensation Algorithms and Architectures 222 10.5 Distortion Compensation Analyses, Simulations and Measurements 227 10.6 Impact of Timing Delays in Centralized Distributed Antenna Systems 232 10.7 Conclusions 243 11 Radio over Fiber Network Management 247 Carlos Santiago, Bodhisattwa Gangopadhyay and ArturArsenio 11.1 Introduction 247 11.2 Overview of RoF Management Systems 248 11.3 RoF Manager Architecture 251 11.4 Interoperation of RoF Manager and Middleware 256 11.5 Conclusions 262 12 System-Level Evaluation 265 Ramiro Samano-Robles and At?lio Gameiro 12.1 Introduction 265 12.2 System-Level Simulation of Wireless Networks and DAS 269 12.3 The FUTON System-Level Simulator 272 12.4 Radio Resource Management Implementation for the DBWS 285 12.5 Results of the Simulation 286 12.6 Conclusions 289 13 Business Evaluation and Perspectives 291 George Agapiou, Vitor Sim~oes Ribeiro, Angela Maria Ferro Venturi, Silmar Freire Palmeira and A. Manuel de Oliveira Duarte 13.1 Introduction 291 13.2 Evolution of Services in Advanced Access Technologies 292 13.3 Business Model Description 293 13.4 Business Plan 294 13.5 Market Characterization 296 13.6 Modeling the Business Plan 297 13.7 Deployment Models 304 13.8 Conclusions 312 14 Summary and Conclusions 313 Paulo P. Monteiro, At?lio Gameiro and Nathan J. Gomes 14.1 Introduction 313 14.2 Main Achievements of the FUTON Project 313 14.3 Technical Benefits 314 14.4 Business Benefits 315 14.5 Business Vision 315 References 316 Index 317
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