Meanings and Prototypes (eBook, PDF)

Studies in Linguistic Categorization
Redaktion: Tsohatzidis, S. L.

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

There are fewer distinctions in any language than there are distinct things in the universe. If, therefore, languages are ways of representing the universe, a primary function of their elements must be to allow the much more varied kinds of elements out of which the universe is made to be categorized in specific ways. A prototype approach to linguistic categories is a particular way of answering the question of how this categorization operates. It involves two claims. First, that linguistic categorization exploits principles that are not specific to language but characterize most, if not all, processes of cognition. Secondly, that a basic principle by which cognitive and linguistic categories are organized is the prototype principle, which assigns elements to a category not because they exemplify properties that are absolutely required of each one of its members, but because they exhibit, in varying degrees, certain types of similarity with a particular category member which has been established as the best example (or: prototype) of its kind.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Taylor & Francis
• Seitenzahl: 600
• Erscheinungstermin: 3. Februar 2014
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781317933595
• Artikelnr.: 40447151

Autorenporträt

S.L. Tsohatzidis

Inhaltsangabe

Part 1: On the content of prototype categories: questions of word meaning
1. A survey of category types in natural language Cecil H. Brown 2.
Possible verbs and the structure of events William Croft 3. Prototypical
considerations on modal meanings Steven Cushing 4. Belief ascription,
metaphor, and intensional identification Afzal Ballim, Yorick Wilks, John
Barnden 5. Negated beliefs and non-monotonic reasoning Ryszard Zuber 6.
Lexical hierarchies and Ojibwa noun derivation Richard A. Rhodes 7. Some
English terms of insult invoking sex organs: evidence of a pragmatic driver
for semantics Keith Allan 8. The lexicographical treatment of prototypical
polysemy Dirk Geeraerts Part 2: On the content of prototype categories:
further questions 9. Settings, participants, and grammatical relations
Ronald W. Langacker 10. On the semantics of compounds and genitives in
English Paul Kay and Karl Zimmer 11. A notional approach to the French
verbal adjective Roger McLure and Paul Reed 12. Prototypical uses of
grammatical resources in the expression of linguistic action René Dirven
13. Toward a theory of syntactic prototypes Margaret E. Winters 14. Accent
in prototypical wh questions Dwight Bolinger 15. Prototypical manners of
linguistic action Anne-Marie Diller 16. Where partonomies and taxonomies
meet Barbara Tversky Part 3: On the context of prototype methods: questions
of word meaning 17. 'Prototypes save': on the uses and abuses of the notion
of 'prototype' in linguistics and related fields Anna Wierzbicka 18.
Prototype theory and its implications for lexical analysis Adrienne Lehrer
19. Prototype theory and lexical semantics D. A. Cruse 20. Representation,
prototypes, and centrality Claude Vandeloise 21. A few untruths about 'lie'
S.L. Tsolhatzidis Part 4: On the context of prototype methods: further
questions 22. On 'folk' and 'scientific' linguistic beliefs Roy Harris 23.
Gestures during discourse: the contextual structuring of thought Nancy L.
Dray and David McNeill 24. Why words have to be vague Roger McLure 25.
Schemas, prototypes, and models: in search of the unity of the sign John R.
Taylor 26. Psycholinguistic semantics, robust vagueness, and the philosophy
of language Terence Horgan.