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An in-depth look at the theoretical foundations and practical applications of health promotion Introduction to Health Promotion gives students a working knowledge of health promotion concepts and their applications, with a special emphasis on the philosophical and theoretical foundations of health promotion. This new edition underscores the growing need--highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic--for activities, programs, and policies to improve the quality of health for all. Spearheaded by leading public health professor and registered dietitian Dr. Anastasia Snelling, this respected textbook…mehr
An in-depth look at the theoretical foundations and practical applications of health promotion Introduction to Health Promotion gives students a working knowledge of health promotion concepts and their applications, with a special emphasis on the philosophical and theoretical foundations of health promotion. This new edition underscores the growing need--highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic--for activities, programs, and policies to improve the quality of health for all. Spearheaded by leading public health professor and registered dietitian Dr. Anastasia Snelling, this respected textbook addresses health disparities in disadvantaged communities and describes the features of the community-driven programs that will be necessary to address them. Unlike other books in the field, Introduction to Health Promotion delves into the complex, interwoven factors that influence health, including social and physical environments, medical advances, personal lifestyle choices, and legislation. This in-depth examination prepares and inspires health promotion students as they prepare for their careers. * Provides a clear introduction to the essential topics and theories in health promotion * Reviews the cultural and political landscape surrounding key health behaviors, including tobacco use, physical activity, and eating * Explores current trends in health promotion, including telehealth, health disparities, new technologies, and the aging population * Describes contemporary health promotion initiatives and provides an overview of health promotion settings and career opportunities Ideal for students in health promotion, health education, and public health fields, Introduction to Health Promotion prepares learners with a comprehensive overview of the foundations, history, and current perspectives of health promotion, as well as its key methods and applications. Instructors will appreciate the online supplementary materials, facilitating course design.
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Dr. Anastasia Snelling is a professor and Chair of the Department of Health Studies at American University. She directs the Healthy Schools, Healthy Communities Lab where her research focuses on different methods of behavior change in nutrition education to manage risk factors related to chronic disease including improving access, establishing policies, and implementing programs. These projects are done primarily in under-resourced communities using a health equity lens to address health outcomes.
Inhaltsangabe
Tables and Figures xv Foreword xix Preface to First Edition xxi Preface to Second Edition xxvii The Editor xxix The Contributors xxxi About The Companion Website xxxv Part One: The Foundation of Health Promotion 1 Chapter 1 Health Promotion: An Expanding Field 3 Anastasia Snelling Brief Overview of Health from 1900-2020 3 1900-1950s 3 1960s-2020s 5 COVID-19 Pandemic 8 Health Promotion: An Expanding Field 9 Health Education 10 Public Health 10 Social Determinants of Health 11 Important Health Promotion Concepts 13 Risk Factors, Chronic Diseases, and Empowerment 13 Prevention Activities: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary 14 Health Promotion Meets the Health Care System 15 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 16 Discussion 17 Positions in the Health Promotion Field 17 Summary 18 Key Terms 18 Review Questions 19 Student Activities 20 References 20 Chapter 2 Health Behavior Change Theories and Models: Understanding the Process of Behavior Change 23 Maura Stevenson Health Behavior Theories 24 Social Cognitive Theory 24 Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change 28 Health Belief Model 32 Theory of Planned Behavior 34 Historical Perspective 38 Summary 38 Key Terms 40 Review Questions 41 Student Activities 41 References 41 Chapter 3 Program Planning Models 43 Anastasia Snelling Effective Health Promotion Planning 43 Social-ecological Model 44 PRECEDE-PROCEED Model 45 Multilevel Approach to Community Health (MATCH) 49 Consumer-based Planning Models for Health Communication 49 CDCynergy 51 Making Health Communication Programs Work 53 Health Promotion Planning Model for Community-Level Programs 53 Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP) 55 MAP-IT 56 Connecting Health Behavior Theories to Program Planning Models 56 Summary 57 Key Terms 57 Review Questions 58 Student Activities 58 References 58 Part Two: Health Behaviors 61 Chapter 4 Tobacco Use: Trends, Health Consequences, Cessation, and Policies 63 Laurie DiRosa Tobacco Use 64 Tobacco Use Statistics 64 Cancer 67 Cardiovascular Disease 69 Pulmonary Disease 69 Reproductive and Developmental Effects 70 Smokeless Tobacco and Chronic Disease 71 Harm Reduction 73 Cancer 73 Cardiovascular Disease 73 Pregnancy 74 Oral Complications 74 Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Chronic Disease 74 Political and Cultural History of Tobacco Use 76 Warning Labels 76 Purchasing Restrictions 77 Taxation 77 1998 Master Settlement Agreement 78 Recent Efforts to Reduce Tobacco Use 78 National Policy 79 State Policy 82 Local Policy 83 Effective Programs That Discourage Tobacco Use 83 Healthy People 2030 83 Population-based Strategies 85 Effective Examples of Population-based Strategies 85 Practical Examples of Worksite Initiatives 87 School Initiatives 88 Practical Examples of School Initiatives 89 Challenges to Reducing Smoking 91 Access to Treatment 91 Addictive Property of Nicotine 92 Tobacco Industry Practices 93 Summary 93 Key Terms 93 Review Questions 95 Student Activities 95 References 96 Chapter 5 Eating Behaviors: Food Choices, Trends, Programs, and Policies 101 Maya Maroto Eating Behaviors 102 Taste 102 Emotions 103 Price 103 Convenience 103 Health and Nutrition 104 Culture and Familiarity 105 Environment 105 Marketing 105 Nutrition, Eating Habits, and Health 106 Heart Disease 107 Cancer 107 Stroke 108 Type 2 Diabetes 108 Obesity 109 Selected Healthy Eating Patterns 109 Recommended Nutrition and Dietary Intake 110 History of Nutrition and Dietary Patterns 111 Pattern 1: Paleolithic and Hunter-gatherers 112 Pattern 2: Advent of Agriculture 113 Pattern 3: Industrialization and Receding Famine 113 Pattern 4: Noncommunicable Disease 113 Pattern 5: Desired Societal and Behavior Change 114 Changes to the American Food Environment 114 Food Supply and Consumption 114 Where Americans Eat 117 The Food Industry: Friend, Foe, or Both? 118 Farm Subsidies: The Culprit? 119 Portion Sizes: Bigger but Not Better 119 Recent Efforts to Promote Healthy Eating 119 National Policy Actions 120 State Policy Actions 121 Local Policy Actions 121 Community Nutrition Efforts 122 Worksite Wellness 122 School Food Environments 123 Programs for the Individual 123 Summary 124 Key Terms 124 Review Questions 126 Student Activities 126 References 127 Chapter 6 Physical Activity Behaviors: Benefits, Trends, Programs, and Policies 135 Jennifer Childress Physical Activity 136 Recommended Physical Activity Levels 136 Benefits of Physical Activity 137 Sedentary Behavior 140 What is Your Level of Activity? 141 Physical Activity Patterns 142 Historical Patterns 142 Physical Activity Behaviors and Barriers 143 Individual 143 Recreation 143 Built Environment 144 Occupation 144 Commuting and Transportation Choices 145 Neighborhoods 145 Social Environment 145 Efforts and Initiatives to Increase Physical Activity 146 Technology 146 Tracking Activity 146 Virtual Social Support 146 Education Programs in Worksites, Schools, and Communities 147 Workplace Health 147 Schools 150 Faith-based Organizations 152 Other Settings 152 Policies That Promote Increasing Physical Activity 153 National Policy 153 State Policy 155 North Carolina's Eat Smart, Move More Initiative 155 Local Policy 158 Community Policy 158 Community Partner Initiatives and Multisectoral Strategies 158 Walk Friendly Communities 159 Rails-to-Trails 161 Bike Shares 161 YMCA Initiatives 161 Blue Zones Project 162 Summary 163 Key Terms 163 Review Questions 164 Student Activities 165 References 165 Chapter 7 Stress, Emotional Well-Being, and Mental Health 169 Marty Loy The Origins of the Term Stress 170 The Fight-or-flight Response 170 Stress Physiology 172 Eustress and Distress 174 Life Stress and Illness 175 Coping: Stress Management Techniques 177 Four Coping Opportunities 178 Stress at Work 182 Demand and Control 182 Worksite Stress Management 184 Mental Health in Communities 185 Meeting Community Mental Health Needs 186 COVID-19 187 Social Determinants of Mental Health 188 Stress Management with Children 189 Effects of Stress on Children 190 Stress Types Among Children 191 Stress Among College Students 191 Stress in a Digital World 192 Summary 193 Key Terms 194 Review Questions 194 Student Activities 195 Acknowledgment 195 References 195 Chapter 8 Clinical Preventive Services: Trends, Access, Promotion, and Guidelines 201 Casey Korba Benefits of Evidence-based Clinical Preventive Services 202 Recommended Levels of Preventive Services 203 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 203 History of Preventive Services 203 The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 204 USPSTF Recommendations for Asymptomatic People 205 Member Composition 206 Identifying Evidence-based Preventive Services 206 Benefits and Harms 207 The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) 207 Vaccines: Myths and Misinformation 207 Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) 209 Promoting the Use of Preventive Services 209 Healthcare Coverage of Evidence-based Preventive Services 209 Other Preventive Services Provisions 211 Million Hearts Initiative 212 Nontraditional Sites of Care 212 Genetic Testing 212 Advances in Behavioral Science 213 Barriers to Increase the Use of Evidence-based Preventive Services 213 Educating the Public About Preventive Services 214 Research Limitations 214 Healthcare Service Barriers 215 Summary 216 Key Terms 216 Review Questions 217 Student Activities 217 References 217 Part Three Health Promotion In Action 221 Chapter 9 National and State Initiatives to Promote Health and Well-Being 223 Jennifer Childress and Jill Dombrowski Healthy People: 1979-2030 223 Healthy People 2030 224 US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) 226 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 228 National Institutes of Health (NIH) 230 U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) 231 Monitoring the Nation's Health 233 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 234 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) 237 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 240 State Initiatives 241 Arizona 241 Cherokee Nation Health Services (Tahlequah, Oklahoma) 243 Utah 243 National Nonprofit Organizations 243 Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO) 245 Trust for America's Health 246 Local Programs 248 Summary 249 Key Terms 249 Review Questions 250 Student Activities 250 References 250 Chapter 10 Settings for Health Promotion 253 David Stevenson The Home 253 Family 254 Physical Space 254 Personal Training 255 Physical Safety 255 Communities 255 Health Fairs 256 Targeted Community Initiatives 256 Farmers' Markets and Community Gardens 257 Volunteer Opportunities 257 Early Childhood Centers 257 Hygiene and Safety Habits 257 Physical Activity 258 Nutrition and Healthy Eating Habits 258 Health Assessments 258 Schools 259 Academics and Health 259 School Policy Supporting Health 260 Teacher's Roles 260 Healthy Food Choices 261 School Healthcare Services 261 Health Promotion Initiatives 261 School After-hours 262 Coordinated School Health 262 Professional Opportunities 262 Colleges and Universities 262 Safe and Healthy Environment 263 Coordinated Health Promotion 263 Physical Environment 263 Professional Opportunities 264 The Worksite 264 Leadership 265 Worksite Safety 266 Health Promotion 267 Health Coaches 267 Employee Assistance Programs 267 Technology and Social Media 268 Measuring and Celebrating Success 268 Professional Opportunities 268 Healthcare Providers 269 Physicians 269 Other Healthcare Providers 269 Faith-based Centers 270 The Internet 270 Access to Information and Data 270 Tracking Personal Health Data 271 Social Media 271 Summary 272 Key Terms 272 Review Questions 273 Student Activities 274 References 274 Chapter 11 Health Promotion-Related Organizations, Associations, and Certifications 277 Anastasia Snelling and Michelle Kalicki Nonprofit Health Associations 278 American Heart Association (AHA) 278 Other Nonprofit Health Organizations 279 Professional Health Associations 279 Nutrition 279 Physical Activity 281 Health, Wellness, and Education 283 Scholarly and Professional Health Journals 285 Certifications 287 Health Promotion Certifications 287 Health Education Certifications 288 Fitness-based Certifications 289 Nutrition Certifications 290 Health Coaching 290 Academic Institute Certifications 290 Summary 291 Key Terms 292 Review Questions 292 Student Activities 293 References 293 Chapter 12 Trends in Health Promotion 295 David Hunnicutt Trend #1: The Population Will Get Much Older in the Next Three Decades 296 Trend #2: As Americans Age, Our Collective Physical Health Status Will Steadily Decline If We Don't Do Things Differently 297 Trend #3: Physical Health Problems Won't Be Our Only Concern 298 Trend #4: Healthcare Costs Will Remain an Issue of Significant Concern Far into the Future 299 Trend #5: Because of Its Potential, Prevention Will Become a National Priority 300 Trend #6: Telehealth Will Gain Rapid Popularity 301 Trend #7: Physical Activity Will Become the Most Commonly Prescribed Medicine 303 Trend #8: Efforts to Curb Obesity Will Intensify Greatly 304 Trend #9: Wearables, Apps, Big Data, and AI Will Dominate the Wellness Arena 305 Trend #10: The Need for Talented Health Promotion Professionals Will Skyrocket 307 Summary 307 References 308 Weblinks 311 Index 321
Tables and Figures xv Foreword xix Preface to First Edition xxi Preface to Second Edition xxvii The Editor xxix The Contributors xxxi About The Companion Website xxxv Part One: The Foundation of Health Promotion 1 Chapter 1 Health Promotion: An Expanding Field 3 Anastasia Snelling Brief Overview of Health from 1900-2020 3 1900-1950s 3 1960s-2020s 5 COVID-19 Pandemic 8 Health Promotion: An Expanding Field 9 Health Education 10 Public Health 10 Social Determinants of Health 11 Important Health Promotion Concepts 13 Risk Factors, Chronic Diseases, and Empowerment 13 Prevention Activities: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary 14 Health Promotion Meets the Health Care System 15 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 16 Discussion 17 Positions in the Health Promotion Field 17 Summary 18 Key Terms 18 Review Questions 19 Student Activities 20 References 20 Chapter 2 Health Behavior Change Theories and Models: Understanding the Process of Behavior Change 23 Maura Stevenson Health Behavior Theories 24 Social Cognitive Theory 24 Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change 28 Health Belief Model 32 Theory of Planned Behavior 34 Historical Perspective 38 Summary 38 Key Terms 40 Review Questions 41 Student Activities 41 References 41 Chapter 3 Program Planning Models 43 Anastasia Snelling Effective Health Promotion Planning 43 Social-ecological Model 44 PRECEDE-PROCEED Model 45 Multilevel Approach to Community Health (MATCH) 49 Consumer-based Planning Models for Health Communication 49 CDCynergy 51 Making Health Communication Programs Work 53 Health Promotion Planning Model for Community-Level Programs 53 Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP) 55 MAP-IT 56 Connecting Health Behavior Theories to Program Planning Models 56 Summary 57 Key Terms 57 Review Questions 58 Student Activities 58 References 58 Part Two: Health Behaviors 61 Chapter 4 Tobacco Use: Trends, Health Consequences, Cessation, and Policies 63 Laurie DiRosa Tobacco Use 64 Tobacco Use Statistics 64 Cancer 67 Cardiovascular Disease 69 Pulmonary Disease 69 Reproductive and Developmental Effects 70 Smokeless Tobacco and Chronic Disease 71 Harm Reduction 73 Cancer 73 Cardiovascular Disease 73 Pregnancy 74 Oral Complications 74 Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Chronic Disease 74 Political and Cultural History of Tobacco Use 76 Warning Labels 76 Purchasing Restrictions 77 Taxation 77 1998 Master Settlement Agreement 78 Recent Efforts to Reduce Tobacco Use 78 National Policy 79 State Policy 82 Local Policy 83 Effective Programs That Discourage Tobacco Use 83 Healthy People 2030 83 Population-based Strategies 85 Effective Examples of Population-based Strategies 85 Practical Examples of Worksite Initiatives 87 School Initiatives 88 Practical Examples of School Initiatives 89 Challenges to Reducing Smoking 91 Access to Treatment 91 Addictive Property of Nicotine 92 Tobacco Industry Practices 93 Summary 93 Key Terms 93 Review Questions 95 Student Activities 95 References 96 Chapter 5 Eating Behaviors: Food Choices, Trends, Programs, and Policies 101 Maya Maroto Eating Behaviors 102 Taste 102 Emotions 103 Price 103 Convenience 103 Health and Nutrition 104 Culture and Familiarity 105 Environment 105 Marketing 105 Nutrition, Eating Habits, and Health 106 Heart Disease 107 Cancer 107 Stroke 108 Type 2 Diabetes 108 Obesity 109 Selected Healthy Eating Patterns 109 Recommended Nutrition and Dietary Intake 110 History of Nutrition and Dietary Patterns 111 Pattern 1: Paleolithic and Hunter-gatherers 112 Pattern 2: Advent of Agriculture 113 Pattern 3: Industrialization and Receding Famine 113 Pattern 4: Noncommunicable Disease 113 Pattern 5: Desired Societal and Behavior Change 114 Changes to the American Food Environment 114 Food Supply and Consumption 114 Where Americans Eat 117 The Food Industry: Friend, Foe, or Both? 118 Farm Subsidies: The Culprit? 119 Portion Sizes: Bigger but Not Better 119 Recent Efforts to Promote Healthy Eating 119 National Policy Actions 120 State Policy Actions 121 Local Policy Actions 121 Community Nutrition Efforts 122 Worksite Wellness 122 School Food Environments 123 Programs for the Individual 123 Summary 124 Key Terms 124 Review Questions 126 Student Activities 126 References 127 Chapter 6 Physical Activity Behaviors: Benefits, Trends, Programs, and Policies 135 Jennifer Childress Physical Activity 136 Recommended Physical Activity Levels 136 Benefits of Physical Activity 137 Sedentary Behavior 140 What is Your Level of Activity? 141 Physical Activity Patterns 142 Historical Patterns 142 Physical Activity Behaviors and Barriers 143 Individual 143 Recreation 143 Built Environment 144 Occupation 144 Commuting and Transportation Choices 145 Neighborhoods 145 Social Environment 145 Efforts and Initiatives to Increase Physical Activity 146 Technology 146 Tracking Activity 146 Virtual Social Support 146 Education Programs in Worksites, Schools, and Communities 147 Workplace Health 147 Schools 150 Faith-based Organizations 152 Other Settings 152 Policies That Promote Increasing Physical Activity 153 National Policy 153 State Policy 155 North Carolina's Eat Smart, Move More Initiative 155 Local Policy 158 Community Policy 158 Community Partner Initiatives and Multisectoral Strategies 158 Walk Friendly Communities 159 Rails-to-Trails 161 Bike Shares 161 YMCA Initiatives 161 Blue Zones Project 162 Summary 163 Key Terms 163 Review Questions 164 Student Activities 165 References 165 Chapter 7 Stress, Emotional Well-Being, and Mental Health 169 Marty Loy The Origins of the Term Stress 170 The Fight-or-flight Response 170 Stress Physiology 172 Eustress and Distress 174 Life Stress and Illness 175 Coping: Stress Management Techniques 177 Four Coping Opportunities 178 Stress at Work 182 Demand and Control 182 Worksite Stress Management 184 Mental Health in Communities 185 Meeting Community Mental Health Needs 186 COVID-19 187 Social Determinants of Mental Health 188 Stress Management with Children 189 Effects of Stress on Children 190 Stress Types Among Children 191 Stress Among College Students 191 Stress in a Digital World 192 Summary 193 Key Terms 194 Review Questions 194 Student Activities 195 Acknowledgment 195 References 195 Chapter 8 Clinical Preventive Services: Trends, Access, Promotion, and Guidelines 201 Casey Korba Benefits of Evidence-based Clinical Preventive Services 202 Recommended Levels of Preventive Services 203 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 203 History of Preventive Services 203 The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 204 USPSTF Recommendations for Asymptomatic People 205 Member Composition 206 Identifying Evidence-based Preventive Services 206 Benefits and Harms 207 The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) 207 Vaccines: Myths and Misinformation 207 Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) 209 Promoting the Use of Preventive Services 209 Healthcare Coverage of Evidence-based Preventive Services 209 Other Preventive Services Provisions 211 Million Hearts Initiative 212 Nontraditional Sites of Care 212 Genetic Testing 212 Advances in Behavioral Science 213 Barriers to Increase the Use of Evidence-based Preventive Services 213 Educating the Public About Preventive Services 214 Research Limitations 214 Healthcare Service Barriers 215 Summary 216 Key Terms 216 Review Questions 217 Student Activities 217 References 217 Part Three Health Promotion In Action 221 Chapter 9 National and State Initiatives to Promote Health and Well-Being 223 Jennifer Childress and Jill Dombrowski Healthy People: 1979-2030 223 Healthy People 2030 224 US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) 226 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 228 National Institutes of Health (NIH) 230 U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) 231 Monitoring the Nation's Health 233 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 234 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) 237 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 240 State Initiatives 241 Arizona 241 Cherokee Nation Health Services (Tahlequah, Oklahoma) 243 Utah 243 National Nonprofit Organizations 243 Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO) 245 Trust for America's Health 246 Local Programs 248 Summary 249 Key Terms 249 Review Questions 250 Student Activities 250 References 250 Chapter 10 Settings for Health Promotion 253 David Stevenson The Home 253 Family 254 Physical Space 254 Personal Training 255 Physical Safety 255 Communities 255 Health Fairs 256 Targeted Community Initiatives 256 Farmers' Markets and Community Gardens 257 Volunteer Opportunities 257 Early Childhood Centers 257 Hygiene and Safety Habits 257 Physical Activity 258 Nutrition and Healthy Eating Habits 258 Health Assessments 258 Schools 259 Academics and Health 259 School Policy Supporting Health 260 Teacher's Roles 260 Healthy Food Choices 261 School Healthcare Services 261 Health Promotion Initiatives 261 School After-hours 262 Coordinated School Health 262 Professional Opportunities 262 Colleges and Universities 262 Safe and Healthy Environment 263 Coordinated Health Promotion 263 Physical Environment 263 Professional Opportunities 264 The Worksite 264 Leadership 265 Worksite Safety 266 Health Promotion 267 Health Coaches 267 Employee Assistance Programs 267 Technology and Social Media 268 Measuring and Celebrating Success 268 Professional Opportunities 268 Healthcare Providers 269 Physicians 269 Other Healthcare Providers 269 Faith-based Centers 270 The Internet 270 Access to Information and Data 270 Tracking Personal Health Data 271 Social Media 271 Summary 272 Key Terms 272 Review Questions 273 Student Activities 274 References 274 Chapter 11 Health Promotion-Related Organizations, Associations, and Certifications 277 Anastasia Snelling and Michelle Kalicki Nonprofit Health Associations 278 American Heart Association (AHA) 278 Other Nonprofit Health Organizations 279 Professional Health Associations 279 Nutrition 279 Physical Activity 281 Health, Wellness, and Education 283 Scholarly and Professional Health Journals 285 Certifications 287 Health Promotion Certifications 287 Health Education Certifications 288 Fitness-based Certifications 289 Nutrition Certifications 290 Health Coaching 290 Academic Institute Certifications 290 Summary 291 Key Terms 292 Review Questions 292 Student Activities 293 References 293 Chapter 12 Trends in Health Promotion 295 David Hunnicutt Trend #1: The Population Will Get Much Older in the Next Three Decades 296 Trend #2: As Americans Age, Our Collective Physical Health Status Will Steadily Decline If We Don't Do Things Differently 297 Trend #3: Physical Health Problems Won't Be Our Only Concern 298 Trend #4: Healthcare Costs Will Remain an Issue of Significant Concern Far into the Future 299 Trend #5: Because of Its Potential, Prevention Will Become a National Priority 300 Trend #6: Telehealth Will Gain Rapid Popularity 301 Trend #7: Physical Activity Will Become the Most Commonly Prescribed Medicine 303 Trend #8: Efforts to Curb Obesity Will Intensify Greatly 304 Trend #9: Wearables, Apps, Big Data, and AI Will Dominate the Wellness Arena 305 Trend #10: The Need for Talented Health Promotion Professionals Will Skyrocket 307 Summary 307 References 308 Weblinks 311 Index 321
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