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This second edition of Fundamentals of Ceramics adds a section on density functional theory calculations for shedding light on properties. It also adds more on applications, including solid oxide fuel cells as a case study and a major overhaul of the last chapter on optical properties.
This second edition of Fundamentals of Ceramics adds a section on density functional theory calculations for shedding light on properties. It also adds more on applications, including solid oxide fuel cells as a case study and a major overhaul of the last chapter on optical properties.
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Prof. Michel W. Barsoum is Distinguished Professor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Drexel University. As the author of two entries on the MAX phases in the Encyclopedia of Materials Science, and the book MAX Phases published in 2013, he is an internationally recognized leader in the area of MAX phases. In 2011, he and colleagues at Drexel, selectively etched the A-group layers from the MAX phases to produce an entirely new family of 2D solids that they labeled MXenes, that have sparked global interest because of their potential in a multitude of applications. He has authored the book MAX Phases: Properties of Machinable Carbides and Nitrides, published by Wiley VCH in 2013. He has published over 450 refereed papers, including ones in top-tier journals such as Nature and Science. According to Google Scholar his h-index is >100 with over 44,000 citations. He made ISI's most cited researchers list in 2018 and 2019. He is a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences, a fellow of the American Ceramic Society and the World Academy of Ceramics. The latter awarded him the quadrennial International Ceramics Prize 2020, one of the highest honors in the field. In 2000, he was awarded a Humboldt-Max Planck Research Award for Senior US Research Scientists and spent a sabbatical year at the Max Planck Institute in Stuttgart, Germany. In 2008, he spent a sabbatical at the Los Alamos National Laboratory as the prestigious Wheatly Scholar. He has been a visiting professor at Linkoping University in Sweden since 2008. In 2017, he received a Chair of Excellence from the Nanoscience Foundation in Grenoble, France. He is co-editor of Materials Research Letters, published by Taylor & Francis.
Inhaltsangabe
CONTENTS Series Preface xi Preface to the Second Edition xiii Preface to First Edition xv Author xix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Definition of Ceramics 2 1.3 Elementary Crystallography 3 1.4 Ceramic Microstructures 6 1.5 Traditional versus Advanced Ceramics 6 1.6 General Characteristics of Ceramics 7 1.7 Applications 7 1.8 The Future 9 Additional Reading 11 2 Bonding in Ceramics 13 2.1 Introduction 13 2.2 Structure of Atoms 14 2.3 Ionic versus Covalent Bonding 23 2.4 Ionic Bonding 23 2.5 Ionically Bonded Solids 28 2.6 Covalent Bond Formation 34 2.7 Covalently Bonded Solids 37 2.8 Band Theory of Solids 37 2.9 Summary 49 Appendix 2A: Kinetic Energy of Free Electrons 50 Additional Reading 52 Other References 53 3 Structure of Ceramics 55 3.1 Introduction 55 3.2 Ceramic Structures 57 3.3 Binary Ionic Compounds 62 3.4 Composite Crystal Structures 67 3.5 Structure of Covalent Ceramics 70 3.6 Structure of Layered Ceramics 70 3.7 Structure of Silicates 71 3.8 Lattice Parameters and Density 77 3.9 Summary 85 Appendix 3A 86 Additional Reading 92 Other References 92 4 Effect of Chemical Forces on Physical Properties 93 4.1 Introduction 93 4.2 Melting Points 94 4.3 Thermal Expansion 99 4.4 Young's Modulus and the Strength of Perfect Solids 100 4.5 Surface Energy 106 4.6 Frequencies of Atomic Vibrations 108 4.7 Summary 113 Additional Reading 116 Multimedia References and Databases 116 5 Thermodynamic and Kinetic Considerations 117 5.1 Introduction 117 5.2 Free Energy 118 5.3 Chemical Equilibrium and the Mass Action Expression 129 5.4 Chemical Stability Domains 130 5.5 Electrochemical Potentials 133 5.6 Charged Interfaces, Double Layers and Debye Lengths 134 5.7 Gibbs-Duhem Relation for Binary Oxides 135 5.8 Kinetic Considerations 138 5.9 Summary 142 Appendix 5A: Derivation of Eq. (5.27) 142 Additional Reading 145 Thermodynamic Data 145 6 Defects in Ceramics 147 6.1 Introduction 147 6.2 Point Defects 148 6.3 Linear Defects 176 6.4 Planar Defects 178 6.5 Summary 184 Additional Reading 187 7 Diffusion and Electrical Conductivity 189 7.1 Introduction 189 7.2 Diffusion 190 7.3 Electrical Conductivity 206 7.4 Ambipolar Diffusion 224 7.5 Relationships between Self-, Tracer, Chemical, Ambipolar and Defect Diffusion Coefficients 236 7.6 Summary 243 Appendix 7A: Relationship between Fick's First Law and Eq. (7.30) 245 Appendix 7B: Effective Mass and Density of States 246 Appendix 7C: Derivation of Eq. (7.79) 248 Appendix 7D: Derivation of Eq. (7.92) 248 Additional Reading 255 Other References 255 8 Phase Equilibria 257 8.1 Introduction 257 8.2 Phase Rule 258 8.3 One-Component Systems 259 8.4 Binary Systems 262 8.5 Ternary Systems 270 8.6 Free-Energy Composition and Temperature Diagrams 271 8.7 Summary 276 Additional Reading 277 Phase Diagram Information 278 9 Formation, Structure and Properties of Glasses 279 9.1 Introduction 279 9.2 Glass Formation 280 9.3 Glass Structure 293 9.4 Glass Properties 295 9.5 Summary 309 Appendix 9A: Derivation of Eq. (9.7) 310 Additional Reading 313 Other References 314 10 Sintering and Grain Growth 315 10.1 Introduction 315 10.2 Solid-State Sintering 317 10.3 Solid-State Sintering Kinetics 327 10.4 Liquid-Phase Sintering 349 10.5 Hot Pressing and Hot Isostatic Pressing 355 10.6 Summary 359 Appendix 10A: Derivation of the Gibbs- Thompson Equation 360 Appendix 10B: Radii of Curvature 361 Appendix 10C: Derivation of Eq. (10.20) 362 Appendix 10D: Derivation of Eq. (10.22) 363 Additional Reading 367 Other References 368 11 Mechanical Properties: Fast Fracture 369 11.1 Introduction 369 11.2 Fracture Toughness 373 11.3 Atomistic Aspects of Fracture 383 11.4 Strength of Ceramics 385 11.5 Toughening Mechanisms 392 11.6 Designing with Ceramics 399 11.7 Summary 408 Additional Reading 413 12 Creep, Subcritical Crack Growth and Fatigue 415 12.1 Introduction 415 12.2 Creep 416 12.3 Subcritical Crack Growth 430 12.4 Fatigue of Ceramics 436 12.5 Lifetime Predictions 439 12.6 Summary 450 Appendix 12A: Derivation of Eq. (12.24) 451 Additional Reading 456 13 Thermal Properties 459 13.1 Introduction 459 13.2 Thermal Stresses 460 13.3 Thermal Shock 464 13.4 Spontaneous Microcracking of Ceramics 469 13.5 Thermal Tempering of Glass 472 13.6 Thermal Conductivity 473 13.7 Summary 479 Additional Reading 482 Other Resources 482 14 Linear Dielectric Properties 483 14.1 Introduction 483 14.2 Basic Theory 484 14.3 Equivalent Circuit Description of Linear Dielectrics 489 14.4 Polarization Mechanisms 494 14.5 Dielectric Loss 513 14.6 Dielectric Breakdown 514 14.7 Capacitors and Insulators 515 14.8 Summary 520 Appendix 14A: Local Electric Field 521 Additional Reading 527 15 Magnetic and Nonlinear Dielectric Properties 529 15.1 Introduction 529 15.2 Basic Theory 530 15.3 Microscopic Theory 536 15.4 Para-, Ferro-, Antiferro-, and Ferrimagnetism 540 15.5 Magnetic Domains and Hysteresis Curves 548 15.6 Magnetic Ceramics and Their Applications 552 15.7 Piezo- and Ferroelectric Ceramics 559 15.8 Summary 572 Appendix 15A: Orbital Magnetic Quantum Number 573 Additional Reading 576 16 Optical Properties 577 16.1 Introduction 577 16.2 Basic Principles 579 16.3 Absorption and Transmission 590 16.4 Scattering and Opacity 596 16.6 Summary 605 Appendix 16A: Coherence 606 Appendix 16B: Assumptions Made in Deriving Eq. (16.24) 606 Additional Reading 610 Index 611
