Christopher S. Brazel, Stephen L. Rosen

Fundamental Principles of Polymeric Materials (eBook, PDF)

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

New edition brings classic text up to date with the latest science, techniques, and applications With its balanced presentation of polymer chemistry, physics, and engineering applications, the Third Edition of this classic text continues to instill readers with a solid understanding of the core concepts underlying polymeric materials. Both students and instructors have praised the text for its clear explanations and logical organization. It begins with molecular-level considerations and then progressively builds the reader's knowledge with discussions of bulk properties, mechanical behavior, and processing methods. Following a brief introduction, Fundamental Principles of Polymeric Materials is divided into four parts: * Part 1: Polymer Fundamentals * Part 2: Polymer Synthesis * Part 3: Polymer Properties * Part 4: Polymer Processing and Performance Thoroughly Updated and Revised Readers familiar with the previous edition of this text will find that the organization and style have been updated with new material to help them grasp key concepts and discover the latest science, techniques, and applications. For example, there are new introductory sections on organic functional groups focusing on the structures found in condensation polymerizations. The text also features new techniques for polymer analysis, processing, and microencapsulation as well as emerging techniques such as atom transfer radical polymerization. At the end of each chapter are problems--including many that are new to this edition--to test the reader's grasp of core concepts as they advance through the text. There are also references leading to the primary literature for further investigation of individual topics. A classic in its field, this text enables students in chemistry, chemical engineering, materials science, and mechanical engineering to fully grasp and apply the fundamentals of polymeric materials, preparing them for more advanced coursework.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 432
• Erscheinungstermin: 8. Mai 2012
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781118275290
• Artikelnr.: 38239243

Autorenporträt

Christopher S. Brazel, PHD, CHE, is Associate Professor of Chemical and Biological Engineering at The University of Alabama. His research interests include stimuli-responsive polymers, composite materials with magnetic nanoparticles, targeted block copolymer micelles, gels and networks for drug delivery, and microencapsulation. Previously, Dr. Brazel was a Fulbright Distinguished Scholar and Visiting Professor at the Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, UK. Stephen L. Rosen, PHD, CHE, is a former Professor of Chemical Engineering at the University of Missouri-Rolla. Dr. Rosen authored the two previous editions of Fundamental Principles of Polymeric Materials.

Inhaltsangabe

PREFACE xiii PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION xv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xvii 1
INTRODUCTION 1 Problems 7 References 7 PART I. POLYMER FUNDAMENTALS 9 2
TYPES OF POLYMERS 11 2.1 Reaction to Temperature 11 2.2 Chemistry of
Synthesis 12 2.3 Structure 19 2.4 Conclusions 30 Problems 30 Reference 34 3
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF POLYMERS 35 3.1 Types of Bonds 35 3.2 Bond Distances
and Strengths 35 3.3 Bonding and Response to Temperature 37 3.4 Action of
Solvents 38 3.5 Bonding and Molecular Structure 39 3.6 Stereoisomerism in
Vinyl Polymers 40 3.7 Stereoisomerism in Diene Polymers 42 3.8 Summary 44
Problems 44 References 45 4 POLYMER MORPHOLOGY 46 4.1 Amorphous and
Crystalline Polymers 47 4.2 The Effect of Polymer Structure, Temperature,
and Solvent on Crystallinity 48 4.3 The Effect of Crystallinity on Polymer
Density 49 4.4 The Effect of Crystallinity on Mechanical Properties 50 4.5
The Effect of Crystallinity on Optical Properties 51 4.6 Models for the
Crystalline Structure of Polymers 53 4.7 Extended Chain Crystals 56 4.8
Liquid Crystal Polymers 57 Problems 59 References 60 5 CHARACTERIZATION OF
MOLECULAR WEIGHT 61 5.1 Introduction 61 5.2 Average Molecular Weights 62
5.3 Determination of Average Molecular Weights 66 5.4 Molecular Weight
Distributions 75 5.5 Gel Permeation (or Size-Exclusion) Chromatography
(GPC, SEC) 79 5.6 Summary 85 Problems 86 References 89 6 THERMAL
TRANSITIONS IN POLYMERS 91 6.1 Introduction 91 6.2 The Glass Transition 91
6.3 Molecular Motions in an Amorphous Polymer 92 6.4 Determination of Tg 92
6.5 Factors that Influence Tg 95 6.6 The Effect of Copolymerization on Tg
97 6.7 The Thermodynamics of Melting 97 6.8 The Metastable Amorphous State
100 6.9 The Influence of Copolymerization on Thermal Properties 101 6.10
Effect of Additives on Thermal Properties 102 6.11 General Observations
about Tg and Tm 103 6.12 Effects of Crosslinking 103 6.13 Thermal
Degradation of Polymers 103 6.14 Other Thermal Transitions 104 Problems 104
References 106 7 POLYMER SOLUBILITY AND SOLUTIONS 107 7.1 Introduction 107
7.2 General Rules for Polymer Solubility 107 7.3 Typical Phase Behavior in
Polymer-Solvent Systems 109 7.4 The Thermodynamic Basis of Polymer
Solubility 110 7.5 The Solubility Parameter 112 7.6 Hansen's
Three-Dimensional Solubility Parameter 114 7.7 The Flory-Huggins Theory 116
7.8 Properties of Dilute Solutions 118 7.9 Polymer-Polmyer-Common Solvent
Systems 121 7.10 Polymer Solutions, Suspensions, and Emulsions 121 7.11
Concentrated Solutions: Plasticizers 122 Problems 124 References 126 PART
II. POLYMER SYNTHESIS 129 8 STEP-GROWTH (CONDENSATION) POLYMERIZATION 131
8.1 Introduction 131 8.2 Statistics of Linear Step-Growth Polymerization
132 8.3 Number-Average Chain Lengths 133 8.4 Chain Lengths on a Weight
Basis 136 8.5 Gel Formation 137 8.6 Kinetics of Polycondensation 142
Problems 143 References 145 9 FREE-RADICAL ADDITION (CHAIN-GROWTH)
POLYMERIZATION 146 9.1 Introduction 146 9.2 Mechanism of Polymerization 147
9.3 Gelation in Addition Polymerization 148 9.4 Kinetics of Homogeneous
Polymerization 149 9.5 Instantaneous Average Chain Lengths 153 9.6
Temperature Dependence of Rate and Chain Length 155 9.7 Chain Transfer and
Reaction Inhibitors 157 9.8 Instantaneous Distributions in Free-Radical
Addition Polymerization 160 9.9 Instantaneous Quantities 165 9.10
Cumulative Quantities 166 9.11 Relations Between Instantaneous and
Cumulative Average Chain Lengths for a Batch Reactor 169 9.12 Emulsion
Polymerization 173 9.13 Kinetics of Emulsion Polymerization in Stage II,
Case 2 176 9.14 Summary 180 Problems 180 References 183 10 ADVANCED
POLYMERIZATION METHODS 185 10.1 Introduction 185 10.2 Cationic
Polymerization 185 10.3 Anionic Polymerization 186 10.4 Kinetics of Anionic
Polymerization 192 10.5 Group-Transfer Polymerization 194 10.6 Atom
Transfer Radical Polymerization 195 10.7 Heterogeneous Stereospecific
Polymerization 196 10.8 Grafted Polymer Surfaces 202 10.9 Summary 203
Problems 203 References 205 11 COPOLYMERIZATION 207 11.1 Introduction 207
11.2 Mechanism 207 11.3 Significance of Reactivity Ratios 209 11.4
Variation of Composition with Conversion 210 11.5 Copolymerization Kinetics
216 11.6 Penultimate Effects and Charge-Transfer Complexes 216 11.7 Summary
217 Problems 217 References 219 12 POLYMERIZATION PRACTICE 220 12.1
Introduction 220 12.2 Bulk Polymerization 220 12.3 Gas-Phase Olefin
Polymerization 225 12.4 Solution Polymerization 226 12.5 Interfacial
Polycondensation 228 12.6 Suspension Polymerization 229 12.7 Emulsion
Polymerization 232 12.8 Summary 234 Problems 234 References 235 PART III.
POLYMER PROPERTIES 237 13 RUBBER ELASTICITY 239 13.1 Introduction 239 13.2
Thermodynamics of Elasticity 239 13.3 Statistics of Ideal Rubber Elasticity
246 13.4 Summary 248 Problems 248 References 249 14 INTRODUCTION TO VISCOUS
FLOW AND THE RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF POLYMERS 250 14.1 Introduction 250
14.2 Basic Definitions 251 14.3 Relations Between Shear Force and Shear
Rate: Flow Curves 252 14.4 Time-Dependent Flow Behavior 254 14.5 Polymer
Melts and Solutions 255 14.6 Quantitative Representation of Flow Behavior
256 14.7 Temperature Dependence of Flow Properties 259 14.8 Influence of
Molecular Weight on Flow Properties 262 14.9 The Effects of Pressure on
Viscosity 263 14.10 Viscous Energy Dissipation 264 14.11 Poiseuille Flow
265 14.12 Turbulent Flow 268 14.13 Drag Reduction 269 14.14 Summary 271
Problems 271 References 274 15 LINEAR VISCOELASTICITY 276 15.1 Introduction
276 15.2 Mechanical Models for Linear Viscoelastic Response 276 15.3 The
Four-Parameter Model and Molecular Response 285 15.4 Viscous or Elastic
Response? The Deborah Number 288 15.5 Quantitative Approaches to Model
Viscoelasticity 289 15.6 The Boltzmann Superposition Principle 293 15.7
Dynamic Mechanical Testing 297 15.8 Summary 304 Problems 304 References 307
16 POLYMER MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 308 16.1 Introduction 308 16.2 Mechanical
Properties of Polymers 308 16.3 Axial Tensiometers 309 16.4 Viscosity
Measurement 311 16.5 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis: Techniques 316 16.6
Time-Temperature Superposition 323 16.7 Summary 329 Problems 329 References
332 PART IV. POLYMER PROCESSING AND PERFORMANCE 335 17 PROCESSING 337 17.1
Introduction 337 17.2 Molding 337 17.3 Extrusion 344 17.4 Blow Molding 347
17.5 Rotational, Fluidized-Bed, and Slush Molding 348 17.6 Calendering 349
17.7 Sheet Forming (Thermoforming) 350 17.8 Stamping 351 17.9 Solution
Casting 351 17.10 Casting 351 17.11 Reinforced Thermoset Molding 352 17.12
Fiber Spinning 353 17.13 Compounding 355 17.14 Lithography 358 17.15
Three-Dimensional (Rapid) Prototyping 358 17.16 Summary 359 Problems 359
References 360 18 POLYMER APPLICATIONS: PLASTICS AND PLASTIC ADDITIVES 361
18.1 Introduction 361 18.2 Plastics 361 18.3 Mechanical Properties of
Plastics 362 18.4 Contents of Plastic Compounds 363 18.5 Sheet Molding
Compound for Plastics 371 18.6 Plastics Recycling 373 Problems 374
References 374 19 POLYMER APPLICATIONS: RUBBERS AND THERMOPLASTIC
ELASTOMERS 375 19.1 Introduction 375 19.2 Thermoplastic Elastomers 375 19.3
Contents of Rubber Compounds 376 19.4 Rubber Compounding 379 References 379
20 POLYMER APPLICATIONS: SYNTHETIC FIBERS 380 20.1 Synthetic Fibers 380
20.2 Fiber Processing 380 20.3 Fiber Dyeing 381 20.4 Other Fiber Additives
and Treatments 381 20.5 Effects of Heat and Moisture on Polymer Fibers 381
21 POLYMER APPLICATIONS: SURFACE FINISHES AND COATINGS 383 21.1 Surface
Finishes 383 21.2 Solventless Coatings 385 21.3 Electrodeposition 387 21.4
Microencapsulation 387 Problem 389 References 389 22 POLYMER APPLICATIONS:
ADHESIVES 390 22.1 Adhesives 390 References 394 INDEX 395