Gwynne Lewis

France 1715-1804 (eBook, PDF)

Power and the People

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

Gwynne Lewis' history opens with a full analysis of all the components of traditional France, including political and religious structures, the seigneurial system, the bourgeoisie and the poor. Part two examines the meaning and challenge of the Enlightenment, with particular reference to women and the mass of the poor. Part three concentrates upon the relationship between the shift to laissez-faire economics, popular revolts and government repression, providing the essential background to the Revolutionary decade of the 1790s. The Revolution witnessed the rise of a politicised 'Popular Movement' that achieved, briefly, a measure of popular democracy. War and counter-revolution blocked the move towards real democracy, strengthened the authority of the centralised state, and enhanced the credibility of bourgeois political and economic power.

One of the main contentions of this work is that the failure of both monarchical and Revolutionary regimes to deal with the massive social problem of poverty played a far larger part in explaining the collapse of the Bourbons in 1789, and the failure of democracy during the 1790s, than most historians have allowed. Likewise, the importance of religion in directing the momentous events of this period has also been under-estimated.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Taylor & Francis
• Seitenzahl: 328
• Erscheinungstermin: 14. Dezember 2018
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781317891680
• Artikelnr.: 54796428

Autorenporträt

Gwynne Lewis is Emeritus Professor at The University of Warwick. She has also taught in Canada and in Tanzania.

Her works include The Second Vendee (1978); The Advent of Modern Capitalism in France 1770-1840 (1993) and The French Revolution: Rethinking the Debate (Routledge, 1993).

Inhaltsangabe

General editor's preface
Acknowledgements
Maps
Introduction PART ONE: 'LA FRANCE PROFONDE'
1. Louis XIV and the Regent: war and peace
Bourbon absolutism
Checks and balances
Louis XIV
'absolutism reinterpreted'
The Regency: a failed revolution?
The liberal phase, 1715
18
The authoritarian phase, 1718
23
2. The Catholic Church and French society
Church and state: 'the jealous sisters'
The organisation of the Catholic Church
The Catholic Church: 'in sickness and in health'
Religion, women and 'the public sphere'
3. The nobility and the seigneurial system
French agriculture: custom and modernisation
A 'feudal' or a 'seigneurial' ruling class?
The eighteenth
century noble
Categories of nobles
Landownership: 'This bizarre system'
The exploitation of a seigneury
The coercive power of the seigneury
'Apprentice seigneurs': fermiers and laboureurs
4. The ancien regime bourgeoisie
The rise of the bourgeoisie'
Typology of the bourgeoisie
The lawyer, the ironmaster, their wives and children': case studies
5. A 'fourth estate' of poverty
Dependency and poverty in the countryside
Protoindustrial 'peasant
artisans', factory workers and miners
Urban workers: journeymen, street vendors and migrants
Servants, beggars and slaves
Poverty, the pulpit and popular protest
PART TWO: 'WINDS OF CHANGE'
6. 'Enlightenments' and the people
Love, sex and marriage
Medicine and health
Literacy and education
Philosophes and the people
7. 'Enlightenments' and the state
Choiseul and the lessons of defeat
Economic growth: from state regulation towards free trade
Maupeou's 'enlightened absolutism'
Repression and social rebellion
PART THREE: REFORM AND REACTION
8. 'New ideological wine into old constitutional bottles': reform and reaction, 1774
91
Social reform: from Turgot to Necker, 1774
81 'Liaisons dangereuses': political and cultural crossroads during the 1780s
The fiscal and financial crisis of the ancien regime
The bourgeois
popular revolution of 1789
91: 'mixed messages'
9. War and dictatorship
The rise and fall of the Jacobin
sansculotte alliance, 1792
4 Le peuple, counter
revolution and the bourgeois state The exclusion of the people from power
Conclusion
Glossary
Notes
Index.