Epilepsy in Children and Adolescents (eBook, PDF)

Redaktion: Wheless, James W.; Ng, Yu-Tze; Pearl, Philip L.; Mcgregor, Amy L.; Clarke, Dave F.

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

Epilepsy in childhood presents a profound challenge Epilepsy is an unsettling, complex condition. There is no 'one size fits all' option. For effective treatment a full understanding of each patient's situation and clinical history is needed. Recent remarkable improvements in our ability to image brain structures, to define physiological patterns and in treatment options has made the task of care of the child with epilepsy potentially more effective. Epilepsy in Children and Adolescents provides the contemporary, caring guidance you need to diagnose and manage seizures in a young patient. Beginning with an overview of the classification of epilepsy syndromes, the experienced authors cover: * Diagnostic evaluation of childhood epilepsies * Principles of treatment * Generalized seizures and generalized epilepsy syndromes * Partial onset seizures and localization-related epilepsy syndromes * Epilepsies relative to age, etiology or duration * The full range of treatment options: medical, dietary, surgical Epilepsy in Children and Adolescents takes a practical approach to a common but complex clinical challenge.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 400
• Erscheinungstermin: 22. Oktober 2012
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119998617
• Artikelnr.: 38484579

Autorenporträt

David F. Clarke, MD, Dell Children's Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Austin, TX, USA Amy L. McGregor, MD, University of Tennessee Health Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA Philip L. Pearl, MD, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC Yu-Tze Ng, MD, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK

Inhaltsangabe

p>List of contributors xiii Preface xvii Section 1 Epidemiology and
classification of childhood epilepsies 1 Section editor: Phillip L. Pearl 1
Epidemiology and common comorbidities of epilepsy in childhood 3 Jay
Salpekar, Matthew Byrne, and Georgann Ferrone 1.1 Epidemiology 3 1.2
Incidence and prevalence 4 1.3 Gender and age 4 1.4 Classification 5 1.5
Febrile seizures 6 1.6 Etiology 6 1.7 Psychiatric comorbidity 7 1.8
Psychological and psychosocial stress related to chronic disease 7 1.9
Psychiatric symptoms related to medication side effects 8 1.10 Psychiatric
comorbidity related to epilepsy pathophysiology 8 1.11
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 9 1.12 Anxiety 10 1.13
Depression 11 1.14 Intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) 12
1.15 Conclusion 12 References 13 2 Classification and definition of
seizures and epilepsy syndromes in childhood 17 Susan E. Combs and Phillip
L. Pearl 2.1 Introduction 17 2.2 Purpose and goals of definitions and
classification 17 2.3 Systems of classification and definitions 18 2.4
Seizures 18 2.5 Generalized seizures 19 2.6 Focal seizures 22 2.7 Syndromes
23 2.8 Specific age-related epilepsy syndromes 25 2.9 Future directions 34
Acknowledgements 34 References 34 3 Initiating and withdrawing medical
management 37 David T. Hsieh and Bhagwan Indur Moorjani 3.1 Initiating
medical management 37 3.2 The chances of seizure recurrence after the first
unprovoked seizure 39 3.3 Seizure recurrence 42 3.4 The possible adverse
effects of seizure recurrence 42 3.5 The risks of initiating antiepileptic
drug therapy 44 3.6 The benefits of initiating antiepileptic drug therapy
45 3.7 How to initiate treatment with antiepileptic drugs 45 3.8 Special
circumstances 48 3.9 Summary: initiating medical management 48 3.10
Withdrawing medical management 49 3.11 The long-term prognosis of
childhood-onset epilepsy 50 3.12 When to consider discontinuing
antiepileptic drug therapy 51 3.13 Risk factors for seizure recurrence
after discontinuation 51 3.14 The risks of discontinuing antiepileptic drug
therapy 54 3.15 The benefits of discontinuing antiepileptic drug therapy 55
3.16 How to discontinue antiepileptic drugs 55 3.17 Special circumstances
55 3.18 Summary: withdrawing medical management 56 3.19 Disclaimer 57
References 57 4 Common genetic and neurocutaneous disorders in childhood
epilepsy 59 Dewi Frances T. Depositario-Cabacar, William McClintock, and
Tom Reehal 4.1 Idiopathic epilepsies 60 4.2 Symptomatic epilepsies 63 4.3
Epilepsy in common chromosomal abnormalities 63 4.4 Epilepsy in metabolic
and mitochondrial disorders 65 4.5 Epilepsy in malformations of cortical
development 66 4.6 Neurocutaneous disorders 67 4.7 Summary 70 References 70
Section 2 Diagnostic evaluation of childhood epilepsies 73 Section editor:
David F. Clarke 5 Evaluating the child with seizures 75 Kristen Park and
Susan Koh 5.1 Emergent diagnosis and management 76 5.2 Subsequent
evaluation 79 5.3 Additional neurodiagnostic evaluation 84 References 87 6
The use of EEG in the diagnosis of childhood epilepsy 90 David F. Clarke
6.1 Technical aspects of the EEG 91 6.2 Methods used to increase EEG yield
91 6.3 When should an EEG be ordered? 92 6.4 EEG findings in epilepsy and
epilepsy syndromes 93 6.5 Neonatal EEGs 94 6.6 The EEG in focal epilepsy 96
6.7 The EEG of generalized epilepsy 99 6.8 Specific disease-related
epilepsy syndromes 104 6.9 Conclusion 105 References 105 7 Imaging of
pediatric epilepsy 107 Asim F. Choudhri 7.1 Introduction 107 7.2 Imaging
considerations 107 7.3 Congenital malformations 117 7.4 Neoplasms 124 7.5
Acquired/idiopathic abnormalities 126 References 127 8 Non-epileptic
paroxysmal events of childhood 129 Sucheta M. Joshi 8.1 Introduction 129
8.2 Breath-holding spells 130 8.3 Parasomnias 131 8.4 Benign paroxysmal
positional vertigo of childhood 133 8.5 Syncope 134 8.6 Paroxymal
non-epileptic events (PNEs) with a psychiatric or behavioral basis 134 8.7
Hyperekplexia 136 8.8 Alternating hemiplegia of childhood 136 8.9 Movement
disorders 137 8.10 Sandifer syndrome 138 8.11 Conclusion 138 References 139
Section 3 Principles of treatment 143 Section editor: James W. Wheless 9
Pharmacology of antiepileptic drugs 145 James W. Wheless 9.1
Pharmacokinetics 146 9.2 Pharmacogenomics 155 References 157 10 Therapeutic
efficacy of antiepileptic drugs 159 James W. Wheless 10.1 Efficacy-based
treatment guidelines 160 10.2 Antiepileptic drug selection based on
specific pediatric epilepsy syndromes 164 10.3 Influence of comorbidities
in children with epilepsy 171 10.4 Conclusions 172 References 172 11
Adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs 175 James W. Wheless 11.1
Introduction 175 11.2 Specific drugs 179 11.3 At-risk profiles and
monitoring 189 References 191 12 Vagus nerve stimulation therapy and
epilepsy surgery 193 Kate Van Poppel and James W. Wheless 12.1 Vagus nerve
stimulation 195 12.2 Epilepsy surgery 203 12.3 Conclusions 215 References
215 13 Dietary therapies to treat epilepsy 219 James W. Wheless 13.1
History 220 13.2 Efficacy 221 13.3 Mechanism of action 228 13.4 Selection
of candidates for the diet 232 13.5 Initiation and maintenance 234 13.6
Complications 236 13.7 The ketogenic diet in the twenty-first century 239
References 239 Resources 240 Websites 241 Section 4 Generalized seizures
and generalized epilepsy syndromes 243 Section editor: Amy L. McGregor 14
Idiopathic generalized epilepsies 245 Amy L. McGregor 14.1 Clinical
features 246 14.2 Natural history 248 14.3 Genetics 248 14.4 Treatment 248
14.5 Classification 249 14.6 Myoclonic epilepsy in infancy 249 14.7
Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) 250 14.8 Juvenile absence epilepsy (JAE)
252 14.9 Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) 254 14.10 Epilepsy with
generalized tonic-clonic seizures alone (IGE-GTCs) 256 14.11 Epilepsy with
myoclonic absence 257 14.12 Epilepsy with myoclonic-atonic seizures/Doose
syndrome 258 14.13 Febrile seizures plus (FS+) 259 14.14 Eyelid myoclonia
with absences (EMA)/Jeavons syndrome 260 14.15 Summary 262 References 264
15 Cryptogenic and symptomatic generalized epilepsies: epilepsies with
encephalopathy 267 Karen Keough 15.1 Neonatal-onset epilepsies with
encephalopathy 268 15.2 Infantile-onset epilepsies with encephalopathy 270
15.3 Epilepsies with encephalopathy with onset later in infancy 275 15.4
Epilepsies with encephalopathy with onset after infancy 277 15.5 Continuous
spike wave of sleep (CSWS) and Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS) 279
References 280 Section 5 Partial-onset seizures and localization-related
epilepsy syndromes 283 Section editor: James W. Wheless 16 Idiopathic
partial epilepsies 285 Freedom F. Perkins Jr 16.1 Benign infantile seizures
286 16.2 Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes 287 16.3
Childhood occipital epilepsy (Panayiotopoulos type) 289 16.4 Late-onset
childhood occipital epilepsy (Gastaut type) 292 References 294 17
Cryptogenic and symptomatic partial epilepsies 296 Stephen Fulton 17.1
Etiology 296 17.2 Seizure phenomena 297 17.3 Temporal lobe epilepsy 297
17.4 Extratemporal epilepsy 303 17.5 Occipital lobe epilepsy 306 17.6
Parietal lobe epilepsy 307 17.7 Hypothalamic hamartoma 307 17.8 Other
localizing and lateralizing signs 308 References 309 Section 6 Epilepsies
relative to age, etiology, or duration 311 Section editor: Yu-Tze Ng 18
Neonatal seizures 313 Eric V. Hastriter 18.1 Significance of neonatal
seizures 313 18.2 Pathophysiology of neonatal seizures 314 18.3
Classification and clinical features of neonatal seizures 316 18.4
Electrographic seizures 317 18.5 Monitoring and recording 317 18.6 Etiology
of neonatal seizures 321 18.7 Metabolic causes for neonatal seizures 323
18.8 Inborn errors of metabolism 323 18.9 Treatment 327 18.10 Chronic
postnatal epilepsy and the need for long-term treatment 328 18.11 Potential
adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs on the immature CNS 329 18.12
Conclusion 329 References 330 19 Febrile seizures 333 Marie Francisca Grill
19.1 Introduction 333 19.2 Definition 333 19.3 Incidence and prevalence 334
19.4 Pathophysiology 334 19.5 Prognosis 334 19.6 Initial evaluation and
management 335 19.7 Long-term management 338 19.8 Management in practice
341 19.9 Genetics 342 19.10 Parent counseling 343 19.11 Conclusion 344
References 344 20 Status epilepticus in childhood 346 Yu-Tze Ng and Rama
Maganti 20.1 Definition 346 20.2 Epidemiology 349 20.3 Pathophysiology 349
20.4 Etiology 350 20.5 Diagnosis and investigations 351 20.6 EEG patterns
in status epilepticus 352 20.7 Treatment 356 20.8 Prognosis 359 References
359 Index 365

Rezensionen

"In general, I think this book very sound. It would be an excellent introduction for neurology residents and a good review for general paediatric neurologists who feel a bit out of touch with current treatments for epilepsy." (The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 1 September 2013)

"This is an exceptional read, unlike others in the way it addresses the treatment of children with epilepsy, rather than just the treatment of epilepsy." (Doody's, 2 August 2013)