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Building Performance Evaluation (BPE) informs and enhances the usability and sustainability of building designs with lessons learned from evaluation of building performance throughout the building life cycle, from initial planning through occupancy to adaptive re-use. A key feature of BPE is that it examines design and technical performance of buildings alongside human performance criteria. That is, it seeks to examine facilities in order to determine whether they will work for the people that will use and occupy them. Rigorous BPE helps to improve design practice by providing feedback on the…mehr
Building Performance Evaluation (BPE) informs and enhances the usability and sustainability of building designs with lessons learned from evaluation of building performance throughout the building life cycle, from initial planning through occupancy to adaptive re-use. A key feature of BPE is that it examines design and technical performance of buildings alongside human performance criteria. That is, it seeks to examine facilities in order to determine whether they will work for the people that will use and occupy them. Rigorous BPE helps to improve design practice by providing feedback on the effectiveness of the choices made about the building to ensure that its design is optimised for stakeholders' uses. The overarching theme for Enhancing Building Performance is to present the next generation of BPE work. The book provides an updated systematic approach for BPE as well as chapters written by experts from around the world who demonstrate how to apply BPE to enhance building design. Topics covered include: evidence-based and integrative design processes, evaluation methods and tools, and education and knowledge transfer. In addition, case studies provide specific examples of how BPE has been used to study such things as the impact of workplace design on human productivity and innovation. Written primarily for design professionals and facility managers who wish to use BPE to deliver improved building performance that is responsive to the needs of stakeholders, Enhancing Building Performance will also be of great value to researchers and students across a range of architecture and construction disciplines.
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THE EDITORS SHAUNA MALLORY-HILL, PhD, M. Arch, B.E.S., LEED AP BD+C is Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Architecture at the University of Manitoba, Canada. With nearly two decades of research and teaching involvement in the discipline of building performance evaluation, she is the co-ordinator for the International Building Performance Evaluation research consortium which facilitates the work of BPE practitioners around the world. WOLFGANG F.E. PREISER, PhD, M.Arch, Dipl. -Ing is Professor Emeritus in the School of Architecture and Interior Design at the University of Cincinnati, USA. He has 35 years experience in teaching, research and consulting, lecturing around the world, and publishing 18 books. CHRISTOPHER WATSON, BSc, B.Arch, ANZIA, BOAQ is an Architect with considerable experience in evaluating a very wide range of building types in diverse situations.
Inhaltsangabe
Contributors x Preface xxi Acknowledgements xxv Foreword xxvii Duncan A. Joiner I Introduction: Building Performance Evaluation (BPE) Process Model 1 1 Introduction to Building Performance Evaluation: Milestones in Evolution 3 Shauna Mallory-Hill, Wolfgang F. E. Preiser and Chris Watson 1.1 Enhancing building performance 3 1.2 Emergence of person-environment research 4 1.3 Maturation of Post-Occupancy Evaluation (1975-1985) 6 1.4 POE as a distinct discipline (1985-1995) 7 1.5 Feeding forward: from POE to BPE (1995-2005) 9 1.6 Ongoing global efforts in BPE (2005 +) 11 1.7 Conclusion 12 2 A Process Model for Building Performance Evaluation (BPE) 19 Wolfgang F. E. Preiser and Ulrich Schramm 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Description of the process model for BPE 19 2.3 The performance concept and the building process 25 2.4 Conclusion 29 II Design Processes and Evaluation 33 3 The Integrative Design Process 35 Rodney C. McDonald and Sonja Persram 3.1 Introduction 35 3.2 Origin, evolution and definitions of IDP 36 3.3 Highlights of others' work: systems thinking in IDP and a unitive process 39 3.4 The means to motivation: engaging clients in sustainability prior to IDP 43 3.5 The integrative regulatory process 45 3.6 Conclusion 46 4 Participatory/Collaborative Design Process 48 Henry Sanoff 4.1 Introduction 48 4.2 Background 49 4.3 Community participation 51 4.4 Conclusion 57 5 Enhancing Design Programming: The Case of Detroit Collaborative Design Center and Detroit Hispanic Development Corporation 60 Sheri Blake 5.1 Introduction 60 5.2 Participatory design process and intent 61 5.3 Enhancing the process 69 5.4 Conclusions 72 6 Patterns in Post-Occupancy Evaluation 75 Chris Watson 6.1 Introduction 75 6.2 Principles 75 6.3 Communities of interest 77 6.4 Process 77 6.5 Evaluating environmental impact 78 6.6 Pattern language format 79 6.7 Recurring findings 79 6.8 Communicating stakeholders' experience of architecture 85 6.9 Conclusion 85 III Case Studies 87 7 The Changing Meaning of Workspace: Planning Space and Technology in the Work Environment 89 Jacqueline C. Vischer 7.1 Introduction 89 7.2 The 'X' organization - building for the future 90 7.3 Involving users for better workspace design 91 7.4 Building and workspace outcomes 94 7.5 Conclusion 96 8 Programming Spaces for Innovation 98 Martin Hodulak 8.1 Introduction 98 8.2 Spaces for innovation 98 8.3 Understanding requirements 99 8.4 Analysis methods 100 8.5 Key requirements for innovation spaces 102 8.6 Conclusion 107 9 Assessing Building Performance for Local Government Offices in Japan 109 Akikazu Kato, Toru Ando and Mina Kitazawa 9.1 Introduction 109 9.2 Organizational development of the Mie Prefecture Government office 110 9.3 Example of office layout changes 110 9.4 Work style classification studies 112 9.5 Analysis of worker activities 114 9.6 Analysis of work style classifications 116 9.7 Analysis of workers' collaboration activities 117 9.8 Relationships among work communication activities 118 9.9 Conclusions 118 10 Developing Occupancy Feedback to Improve Low Carbon Housing 120 Fionn Stevenson 10.1 Introduction 120 10.2 Background 120 10.3 A framework for evaluating interactive adaptability 121 10.4 Low carbon home case study 121 10.5 Where next? 127 10.6 Conclusions 128 11 Evaluating Federal Workplaces in the US: The Case of the General Services Administration 130 Kevin Kelly 11.1 Introduction 130 11.2 Background 130 11.3 Survey results 133 11.4 Reflections on 'efficiency' and 'expression' 135 11.5 Re-deploying the survey to measure post-occupancy success 137 11.6 Conclusion 137 12 Assessing Qatar University's Campus Outdoor Spaces: Design Intentions Versus Users' Reactions 139 Ashraf M. Salama 12.1 Introduction 139 12.2 Overview of the literature on campus outdoor spaces 140 12.3 Campus features - architect's statements 141 12.4 Assessing outdoor spaces: a multilayered methodology 142 12.5 Key findings 147 12.6 Conclusion 150 13 Building Performance Evaluation (BPE) and the Role of Perceived Values in Heritage Preservation - A Research Case for Italy 152 Carlotta Fontana 13.1 Introduction 152 13.2 Background 152 13.3 A performance-based approach for sustainable reuse 154 13.4 Counseling for communities: a performance-based approach at different scales 154 13.5 Conclusions 161 IV Research Methods and Tools 165 14 Evaluating the Impact of Green Building on Worker Productivity and Health: A Literature Review 167 Shauna Mallory-Hill and Anna Westlund 14.1 Introduction 167 14.2 Background 168 14.3 Literature review method 168 14.4 Performance indicators and data collection techniques 169 14.5 Conclusions 174 15 Quantitative (GIS) and Qualitative (BPE) Assessments of Library Performance 179 Wolfgang F. E. Preiser and Xinhao Wang 15.1 Introduction 179 15.2 Background 179 15.3 Project design and methodology 180 15.4 Results 183 15.5 Recommendations 187 15.6 Conclusion 188 16 Applying MAPLE/D and BPE to Complex Building Types 191 Monika Schill-Fendl 16.1 Introduction 191 16.2 Background: the meta-method MAPLE/D 191 16.3 Example: POE of a large-scale laboratory building complex 199 16.4 Links between BPE and MAPLE/D 201 16.5 Conclusion 201 17 Stimulating Physically Active Behavior Through Good Building Design 203 Edward Finch, Paul Wilson and Lindsey Dugdill 17.1 Introduction 203 17.2 The active imperative 204 17.3 Servicescapes 205 17.4 Layering of built environment solutions 206 17.5 Evaluating the capacity of buildings to encourage physically active behavior 209 17.6 Conclusion 210 18 Evidence-Based Decision-Making on Office Accommodation: Accommodation Choice Model 213 Theo J. M. van der Voordt, Yolanda M. D. Ikiz-Koppejan and Anca Gosselink 18.1 Introduction 213 18.2 Modeling accommodation processes 213 18.3 Elaboration of the model 215 18.4 Justification of the accommodation choice model 219 18.5 Application in practice 219 18.6 Conclusion 221 19 Evaluation Through Computational Building Performance Simulation 223 Jan L. M. Hensen 19.1 Introduction 223 19.2 Background 223 19.3 Building performance simulation 224 19.4 State-of-the-art 226 19.5 Quality assurance of simulation based decisions 229 19.6 Conclusion 232 20 Incorporating Occupant Perceptions and Behavior into BIM 234 Clinton J. Andrews, Jennifer A. Senick and Richard E. Wener 20.1 Introduction 234 20.2 BIM and the design process 235 20.3 Linking BPE and BIM 235 20.4 Simulating behavior 236 20.5 Metrics 238 20.6 Illustrative simulation model 238 20.7 Conclusions: implications for emerging practice 244 V Education 247 21 Post-Occupancy Evaluation in Brazil: Its Impact on Professional Practice 249 Sheila W. Ornstein, Rosaria Ono, César Imai, Ana J. G. Limongi França and Maria Beatriz Barbosa 21.1 Introduction 249 21.2 POE methodology 250 21.3 Case studies 252 21.4 Conclusions 257 22 Building Performance Evaluation (BPE) in the Construction Project Management Curriculum 259 Ulrich Schramm 22.1 Introduction 259 22.2 The school and its programs 259 22.3 BPE in the curriculum 261 22.4 Outline of selected lectures and seminars 263 22.5 Employment opportunities 272 22.6 Conclusions 274 23 Evaluation Research and Inquiry Based Learning (IBL) in Architecture and Urbanism: Consumption Versus Production of Knowledge 277 Ashraf M. Salama 23.1 Introduction 277 23.2 Idiosyncrasies on knowledge delivery and acquisition 278 23.3 Evaluation research and inquiry based learning (IBL) 279 23.4 Evaluation research: a paradigm for utilizing the built environment as an open textbook 280 23.5 Conclusion: Evaluation research and seeking a new form of pedagogy 284 24 Post Tower Evaluation: User-Needs Analysis (UNA) in German Student Education 286 Rotraut Walden 24.1 Introduction 286 24.2 Background 286 24.3 Prelminary studies 287 24.4 Stakeholder questionnaire 288 24.5 Data collection - the walkthrough 292 24.6 Results 292 24.7 Conclusions 296 25 Ethnographic Methods in Support of Architectural Practice 299 Eleftherios Pavlides and Galen Cranz 25.1 Introduction 299 25.2 The nature of the student research is ethnographic 300 25.3 Two kinds of findings 303 25.4 Benefits of student research projects 307 25.5 Conclusion 310 VI Epilogue 313 26 Reflections on Stage M: The Dog that Didn't Bark 315 Francis Duffy 26.1 Introduction 315 26.2 Background 315 26.3 Stage M feedback on meeting client objectives 316 26.4 Conclusions 319 Endnotes 319 References 320 Index 321
Contributors x Preface xxi Acknowledgements xxv Foreword xxvii Duncan A. Joiner I Introduction: Building Performance Evaluation (BPE) Process Model 1 1 Introduction to Building Performance Evaluation: Milestones in Evolution 3 Shauna Mallory-Hill, Wolfgang F. E. Preiser and Chris Watson 1.1 Enhancing building performance 3 1.2 Emergence of person-environment research 4 1.3 Maturation of Post-Occupancy Evaluation (1975-1985) 6 1.4 POE as a distinct discipline (1985-1995) 7 1.5 Feeding forward: from POE to BPE (1995-2005) 9 1.6 Ongoing global efforts in BPE (2005 +) 11 1.7 Conclusion 12 2 A Process Model for Building Performance Evaluation (BPE) 19 Wolfgang F. E. Preiser and Ulrich Schramm 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Description of the process model for BPE 19 2.3 The performance concept and the building process 25 2.4 Conclusion 29 II Design Processes and Evaluation 33 3 The Integrative Design Process 35 Rodney C. McDonald and Sonja Persram 3.1 Introduction 35 3.2 Origin, evolution and definitions of IDP 36 3.3 Highlights of others' work: systems thinking in IDP and a unitive process 39 3.4 The means to motivation: engaging clients in sustainability prior to IDP 43 3.5 The integrative regulatory process 45 3.6 Conclusion 46 4 Participatory/Collaborative Design Process 48 Henry Sanoff 4.1 Introduction 48 4.2 Background 49 4.3 Community participation 51 4.4 Conclusion 57 5 Enhancing Design Programming: The Case of Detroit Collaborative Design Center and Detroit Hispanic Development Corporation 60 Sheri Blake 5.1 Introduction 60 5.2 Participatory design process and intent 61 5.3 Enhancing the process 69 5.4 Conclusions 72 6 Patterns in Post-Occupancy Evaluation 75 Chris Watson 6.1 Introduction 75 6.2 Principles 75 6.3 Communities of interest 77 6.4 Process 77 6.5 Evaluating environmental impact 78 6.6 Pattern language format 79 6.7 Recurring findings 79 6.8 Communicating stakeholders' experience of architecture 85 6.9 Conclusion 85 III Case Studies 87 7 The Changing Meaning of Workspace: Planning Space and Technology in the Work Environment 89 Jacqueline C. Vischer 7.1 Introduction 89 7.2 The 'X' organization - building for the future 90 7.3 Involving users for better workspace design 91 7.4 Building and workspace outcomes 94 7.5 Conclusion 96 8 Programming Spaces for Innovation 98 Martin Hodulak 8.1 Introduction 98 8.2 Spaces for innovation 98 8.3 Understanding requirements 99 8.4 Analysis methods 100 8.5 Key requirements for innovation spaces 102 8.6 Conclusion 107 9 Assessing Building Performance for Local Government Offices in Japan 109 Akikazu Kato, Toru Ando and Mina Kitazawa 9.1 Introduction 109 9.2 Organizational development of the Mie Prefecture Government office 110 9.3 Example of office layout changes 110 9.4 Work style classification studies 112 9.5 Analysis of worker activities 114 9.6 Analysis of work style classifications 116 9.7 Analysis of workers' collaboration activities 117 9.8 Relationships among work communication activities 118 9.9 Conclusions 118 10 Developing Occupancy Feedback to Improve Low Carbon Housing 120 Fionn Stevenson 10.1 Introduction 120 10.2 Background 120 10.3 A framework for evaluating interactive adaptability 121 10.4 Low carbon home case study 121 10.5 Where next? 127 10.6 Conclusions 128 11 Evaluating Federal Workplaces in the US: The Case of the General Services Administration 130 Kevin Kelly 11.1 Introduction 130 11.2 Background 130 11.3 Survey results 133 11.4 Reflections on 'efficiency' and 'expression' 135 11.5 Re-deploying the survey to measure post-occupancy success 137 11.6 Conclusion 137 12 Assessing Qatar University's Campus Outdoor Spaces: Design Intentions Versus Users' Reactions 139 Ashraf M. Salama 12.1 Introduction 139 12.2 Overview of the literature on campus outdoor spaces 140 12.3 Campus features - architect's statements 141 12.4 Assessing outdoor spaces: a multilayered methodology 142 12.5 Key findings 147 12.6 Conclusion 150 13 Building Performance Evaluation (BPE) and the Role of Perceived Values in Heritage Preservation - A Research Case for Italy 152 Carlotta Fontana 13.1 Introduction 152 13.2 Background 152 13.3 A performance-based approach for sustainable reuse 154 13.4 Counseling for communities: a performance-based approach at different scales 154 13.5 Conclusions 161 IV Research Methods and Tools 165 14 Evaluating the Impact of Green Building on Worker Productivity and Health: A Literature Review 167 Shauna Mallory-Hill and Anna Westlund 14.1 Introduction 167 14.2 Background 168 14.3 Literature review method 168 14.4 Performance indicators and data collection techniques 169 14.5 Conclusions 174 15 Quantitative (GIS) and Qualitative (BPE) Assessments of Library Performance 179 Wolfgang F. E. Preiser and Xinhao Wang 15.1 Introduction 179 15.2 Background 179 15.3 Project design and methodology 180 15.4 Results 183 15.5 Recommendations 187 15.6 Conclusion 188 16 Applying MAPLE/D and BPE to Complex Building Types 191 Monika Schill-Fendl 16.1 Introduction 191 16.2 Background: the meta-method MAPLE/D 191 16.3 Example: POE of a large-scale laboratory building complex 199 16.4 Links between BPE and MAPLE/D 201 16.5 Conclusion 201 17 Stimulating Physically Active Behavior Through Good Building Design 203 Edward Finch, Paul Wilson and Lindsey Dugdill 17.1 Introduction 203 17.2 The active imperative 204 17.3 Servicescapes 205 17.4 Layering of built environment solutions 206 17.5 Evaluating the capacity of buildings to encourage physically active behavior 209 17.6 Conclusion 210 18 Evidence-Based Decision-Making on Office Accommodation: Accommodation Choice Model 213 Theo J. M. van der Voordt, Yolanda M. D. Ikiz-Koppejan and Anca Gosselink 18.1 Introduction 213 18.2 Modeling accommodation processes 213 18.3 Elaboration of the model 215 18.4 Justification of the accommodation choice model 219 18.5 Application in practice 219 18.6 Conclusion 221 19 Evaluation Through Computational Building Performance Simulation 223 Jan L. M. Hensen 19.1 Introduction 223 19.2 Background 223 19.3 Building performance simulation 224 19.4 State-of-the-art 226 19.5 Quality assurance of simulation based decisions 229 19.6 Conclusion 232 20 Incorporating Occupant Perceptions and Behavior into BIM 234 Clinton J. Andrews, Jennifer A. Senick and Richard E. Wener 20.1 Introduction 234 20.2 BIM and the design process 235 20.3 Linking BPE and BIM 235 20.4 Simulating behavior 236 20.5 Metrics 238 20.6 Illustrative simulation model 238 20.7 Conclusions: implications for emerging practice 244 V Education 247 21 Post-Occupancy Evaluation in Brazil: Its Impact on Professional Practice 249 Sheila W. Ornstein, Rosaria Ono, César Imai, Ana J. G. Limongi França and Maria Beatriz Barbosa 21.1 Introduction 249 21.2 POE methodology 250 21.3 Case studies 252 21.4 Conclusions 257 22 Building Performance Evaluation (BPE) in the Construction Project Management Curriculum 259 Ulrich Schramm 22.1 Introduction 259 22.2 The school and its programs 259 22.3 BPE in the curriculum 261 22.4 Outline of selected lectures and seminars 263 22.5 Employment opportunities 272 22.6 Conclusions 274 23 Evaluation Research and Inquiry Based Learning (IBL) in Architecture and Urbanism: Consumption Versus Production of Knowledge 277 Ashraf M. Salama 23.1 Introduction 277 23.2 Idiosyncrasies on knowledge delivery and acquisition 278 23.3 Evaluation research and inquiry based learning (IBL) 279 23.4 Evaluation research: a paradigm for utilizing the built environment as an open textbook 280 23.5 Conclusion: Evaluation research and seeking a new form of pedagogy 284 24 Post Tower Evaluation: User-Needs Analysis (UNA) in German Student Education 286 Rotraut Walden 24.1 Introduction 286 24.2 Background 286 24.3 Prelminary studies 287 24.4 Stakeholder questionnaire 288 24.5 Data collection - the walkthrough 292 24.6 Results 292 24.7 Conclusions 296 25 Ethnographic Methods in Support of Architectural Practice 299 Eleftherios Pavlides and Galen Cranz 25.1 Introduction 299 25.2 The nature of the student research is ethnographic 300 25.3 Two kinds of findings 303 25.4 Benefits of student research projects 307 25.5 Conclusion 310 VI Epilogue 313 26 Reflections on Stage M: The Dog that Didn't Bark 315 Francis Duffy 26.1 Introduction 315 26.2 Background 315 26.3 Stage M feedback on meeting client objectives 316 26.4 Conclusions 319 Endnotes 319 References 320 Index 321
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