Andrew Warren

Dunes (eBook, PDF)

Dynamics, Morphology, History

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

Dunes is the first book in over a decade to incorporate the latest research in this active and fast-developing field. It discusses the shapes, sizes, patterns, distribution, history and care of wind-blown dunes, and covers all aspects of dunes, terrestrial and in the Solar System. * The only book to cover all dunes, terrestrial and in the Solar System, in deserts, on coasts, and in the past * Represents the most current update on the research of dunes for over a decade * Incorporates the latest research to come out of China where the field is most rapidly expanding * Discusses the most recent range of skills and technology now focused on the study of dunes * Brings up-to-date a rapidly expanding field

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 240
• Erscheinungstermin: 25. März 2013
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781118295816
• Artikelnr.: 38047327

Autorenporträt

Andrew Warren is Emeritus Professor of Geography, University College London where he taught between 1964 and 2002. He had previously worked as soil surveyor in Pakistan. His dune research has taken him to the Sudan, Nebraska, Libya, Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Niger, Israel, Oman and Chad. His books include Geomorphology in Deserts, (1973) with Ron Cooke, Desert Geomorphology (1992) with Ron Cooke and Andrew Goudie, and Aeolian Geomorphology (1996) with Ian Livingstone.

Inhaltsangabe

List of Figures xi Acknowledgements xv Introduction 1 Part One 1 Wind and
Sand 7 Wind versus Bed 7 The Law of the Wall 8 Improving the wind/bed model
9 Lift-Off 12 Holding down by gravity 12 Holding down by cohesion 12
Raising by lift 13 Raising by drag 13 Raising by bombardment 14 Thresholds
14 Grain size 16 The slope of the bed 17 The dynamics of water content 17
Crusts 19 Pellets 20 Sand in Motion 20 Saltation 20 Streamers and other
medium-scale patterns of saltating sand 22 Reptation 22 Creep 23 Other
near-surface activity 23 Suspension 24 The vertical distribution of load
and grain size 24 The saturation length 24 The fetch effect 26 The response
of a loose bed to erosion by the wind 27 The Transport Rate 27 Shapes,
densities and mixtures of size 29 Hard surfaces 30 Rough surfaces 30
Moisture, temperature and humidity 31 Rain 31 References 31 2 Ripples 32
Subtypes 35 Models 36 Flow response 36 Gravity wave 36 Saltation length 37
Shadow zone 37 Mathematical 37 Pattern 38 3 The Form and Behaviour of Free
Dunes 39 Definitions 39 Early Stages 39 Start 39 Minimum size 40 The
Profile of a Fully Grown Dune 41 Toe 41 Windward slope (or 'stoss slope')
43 Crest 45 Lee slope 46 Movement 53 Turnover time, bulk transport 56 Size
56 Flow-hierarchy models 57 Grain-size models 57 The time/supply model 58
References 58 Part Two 1000 to 10,000 m2; 100 to 1000 years 59 4 Pattern in
Free Dunes 61 Definitions 61 Wind-Directional Regimes 62 Global winds 62
Local wind systems 62 The Classification of Wind-Directional Regimes 65
Wind-Directional Regimes and Dune Pattern 66 Transverse Dunes 66
Two-dimensional pattern: vertical and downwind 67 Two-dimensional pattern:
horizontal and transverse to the wind 68 Self-organisation 69 Barchans 71
Quasi-transverse patterns 75 Linear Dunes 80 Introduction 80 Models of
formation 82 Sand Sheets 88 Dunes with Distinctive Sand 90 Gravel dunes 90
Zibars 91 Clay dunes 92 Lunettes 92 Gypsum dunes 93 Diatomite sands 93
Volcanic sands 93 Snow and ice dunes 94 Niveo-aeolian deposits 94
References 94 5 Forced Dunes 96 Dunes Built around Bluff Obstacles 96
Climbing and echo dunes 96 Flanking and lee dunes 97 Cliff-top and falling
dunes 99 Dunes on Gently Sloping Terrain 99 Reference 99 6 Dunes and Plants
100 Wind, Sand and Plants 100 Rigid objects 100 Spatial pattern 101
Porosity 102 Flexibility 102 Plants as living things 103 The broader
time/space framework 104 Dunes among Plants 104 Nebkhas 104 Blowouts 107
Parabolic dunes 109 References 111 7 Coastal Dunes 112 Coastal Dunes and
Climate 112 The Beach-Dune System 114 Exclusively Coastal Dunes 117 Embryo
dunes 117 Fore-dunes ('frontal dunes' or 'retention ridges') 118 Tsunamis
120 Coastal sand sheets 120 References 121 Part Three >0.3 mm; 8 Sand Seas
125 Terms 125 Large Sand Seas 127 Growth and Development 127 Sand Seas in
Tectonic Basins 129 Topographically Unconfined Sand Seas 131 Transfer
between Sand Seas 133 9 A History of Dune Sand 134 Provenance 134 Recycling
137 Maturation 139 Mineralogy 139 Size characteristics 141 Shape and
surface texture 141 Redness 144 Relationships between Dune Fields and the
Sources of Their Sand 145 Source-bordering dune fields 145 Dune fields that
have migrated away from their source 145 Sand seas that have taken sand
from many local sources 146 The Australian sand seas and some aeolian
sandstones 146 References 146 10 A History of Inland Dunes 147 Very Ancient
Dunes: Siliceous Windblown Sandstones 147 The Emergence of Familiar Spatial
and Dynamic Patterns 151 Dune Historiography 153 Dating 153 Dune-building
environments 156 The long-term development of sand seas: sediment state 160
Quaternary Dune-Building Climates 160 Dunes in the Early- and
Mid-Pleistocene 162 Late Pleistocene Dunes 163 The main theatres of dune
formation in the Late Pleistocene 165 Dunes in the Holocene 175 The
deglaciated North 176 The mid-latitudes 177 The semi-arid tropics 178 The
present deserts 178 References 179 11 A History of Coastal Dunes 181 Long
Sequences 181 Sea Level 181 Other Controls 182 Calcareous Aeolianite 184
Reference 185 12 Mars, Venus, Titan 186 Similarities 186 Differences 187
Sand 188 Ripples and Transverse Aeolian Ridges 190 Dunes 191 Mars 191 Venus
194 Titan 194 Reference 195 Part Four Care 197 13 Local, Short-Term Care (
Dunes in Deserts 199 Folk science 199 New approaches 200 Stabilised Dunes
in Semi-Arid Areas 204 Coastal Dunes 204 References 207 14 Sustainability
(>100,000 m2; >10 years) 208 Constraints 208 Complexity 208 Uncertainty 210
Environmental change 210 Sustainability 211 Coastal dunes 211 Stabilised
inland dunes 212 References 213 Index 214