L. A. Coldren, Scott W. Corzine, Milan L. Mashanovitch

Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits (eBook, ePUB)

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits, Second Edition provides a comprehensive treatment of optical communication technology, its principles and theory, treating students as well as experienced engineers to an in-depth exploration of this field. Diode lasers are still of significant importance in the areas of optical communication, storage, and sensing. Using the the same well received theoretical foundations of the first edition, the Second Edition now introduces timely updates in the technology and in focus of the book. After 15 years of development in the field, this book will offer brand new and updated material on GaN-based and quantum-dot lasers, photonic IC technology, detectors, modulators and SOAs, DVDs and storage, eye diagrams and BER concepts, and DFB lasers. Appendices will also be expanded to include quantum-dot issues and more on the relation between spontaneous emission and gain.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 752
• Erscheinungstermin: 2. März 2012
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781118148181
• Artikelnr.: 37352502

Autorenporträt

Larry A. Coldren is the Fred Kavli Professor of Optoelectronics and Sensors at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He has authored or coauthored over a thousand journal and conference papers, seven book chapters, and a textbook, and has been issued sixty-three patents. He is a Fellow of the IEEE, OSA, and IEE, the recipient of the 2004 John Tyndall and 2009 Aron Kressel Awards, and a member of the National Academy of Engineering. Scott W. Corzine obtained his PhD from the University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, for his work on vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). He worked for ten years at HP/Agilent Laboratories in Palo Alto, California, on VCSELs, externally modulated lasers, and quantum cascade lasers. He is currently with Infinera in Sunnyvale, California, working on photonic integrated circuits. Milan L. Mashanovitch obtained his PhD in the field of photonic integrated circuits at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), in 2004. He has since been with UCSB as a scientist working on tunable photonic integrated circuits and as an adjunct professor, and with Freedom Photonics LLC, Santa Barbara, which he cofounded in 2005, working on photonic integrated circuits.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xvii Acknowledgments xxi List of Fundamental Constants xxiii 1
Ingredients 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Energy Levels and Bands in Solids 5
1.3 Spontaneous and Stimulated Transitions: The Creation of Light 7 1.4
Transverse Confinement of Carriers and Photons in Diode Lasers: The Double
Heterostructure 10 1.5 Semiconductor Materials for Diode Lasers 13 1.6
Epitaxial Growth Technology 20 1.7 Lateral Confinement of Current,
Carriers, and Photons for Practical Lasers 24 1.8 Practical Laser Examples
31 References 39 Reading List 40 Problems 40 2 A Phenomenological Approach
to Diode Lasers 45 2.1 Introduction 45 2.2 Carrier Generation and
Recombination in Active Regions 46 2.3 Spontaneous Photon Generation and
LEDs 49 2.4 Photon Generation and Loss in Laser Cavities 52 2.5 Threshold
or Steady-State Gain in Lasers 55 2.6 Threshold Current and Power Out
Versus Current 60 2.7 Relaxation Resonance and Frequency Response 70 2.8
Characterizing Real Diode Lasers 74 References 86 Reading List 87 Problems
87 3 Mirrors and Resonators for Diode Lasers 91 3.1 Introduction 91 3.2
Scattering Theory 92 3.3 S and T Matrices for Some Common Elements 95 3.4
Three- and Four-Mirror Laser Cavities 107 3.5 Gratings 113 3.6 Lasers Based
on DBR Mirrors 123 3.7 DFB Lasers 141 References 151 Reading List 151
Problems 151 4 Gain and Current Relations 157 4.1 Introduction 157 4.2
Radiative Transitions 158 4.3 Optical Gain 174 4.4 Spontaneous Emission 192
4.5 Nonradiative Transitions 199 4.6 Active Materials and Their
Characteristics 218 References 238 Reading List 240 Problems 240 5 Dynamic
Effects 247 5.1 Introduction 247 5.2 Review of Chapter 2 248 Case (i): Well
Below Threshold 251 Case (ii): Above Threshold 252 Case (iii): Below and
Above Threshold 253 5.3 Differential Analysis of the Rate Equations 257 5.4
Large-Signal Analysis 276 5.5 Relative Intensity Noise and Linewidth 288
5.6 Carrier Transport Effects 308 5.7 Feedback Effects and Injection
Locking 311 References 328 Reading List 329 Problems 329 6 Perturbation,
Coupled-Mode Theory, Modal Excitations, and Applications 335 6.1
Introduction 335 6.2 Guided-Mode Power and Effective Width 336 6.3
Perturbation Theory 339 6.4 Coupled-Mode Theory: Two-Mode Coupling 342 6.5
Modal Excitation 376 6.6 Two Mode Interference and Multimode Interference
378 6.7 Star Couplers 381 6.8 Photonic Multiplexers, Demultiplexers and
Routers 382 6.9 Conclusions 390 References 390 Reading List 391 Problems
391 7 Dielectric Waveguides 395 7.1 Introduction 395 7.2 Plane Waves
Incident on a Planar Dielectric Boundary 396 7.3 Dielectric Waveguide
Analysis Techniques 400 7.4 Numerical Techniques for Analyzing PICs 427 7.5
Goos-Hanchen Effect and Total Internal Reflection Components 434 7.6 Losses
in Dielectric Waveguides 437 References 445 Reading List 446 Problems 446 8
Photonic Integrated Circuits 451 8.1 Introduction 451 8.2 Tunable, Widely
Tunable, and Externally Modulated Lasers 452 8.3 Advanced PICs 484 8.4 PICs
for Coherent Optical Communications 491 References 499 Reading List 503
Problems 503 APPENDICES 1 Review of Elementary Solid-State Physics 509 A1.1
A Quantum Mechanics Primer 509 A1.2 Elements of Solid-State Physics 516
References 527 Reading List 527 2 Relationships between Fermi Energy and
Carrier Density and Leakage 529 A2.1 General Relationships 529 A2.2
Approximations for Bulk Materials 532 A2.3 Carrier Leakage Over
Heterobarriers 537 A2.4 Internal Quantum Efficiency 542 References 544
Reading List 544 3 Introduction to Optical Waveguiding in Simple
Double-Heterostructures 545 A3.1 Introduction 545 A3.2 Three-Layer Slab
Dielectric Waveguide 546 A3.3 Effective Index Technique for Two-Dimensional
Waveguides 551 A3.4 Far Fields 555 References 557 Reading List 557 4
Density of Optical Modes, Blackbody Radiation, and Spontaneous Emission
Factor 559 A4.1 Optical Cavity Modes 559 A4.2 Blackbody Radiation 561 A4.3
Spontaneous Emission Factor, ²sp 562 Reading List 563 5 Modal Gain, Modal
Loss, and Confinement Factors 565 A5.1 Introduction 565 A5.2 Classical
Definition of Modal Gain 566 A5.3 Modal Gain and Confinement Factors 568
A5.4 Internal Modal Loss 570 A5.5 More Exact Analysis of the Active/Passive
Section Cavity 571 A5.6 Effects of Dispersion on Modal Gain 576 6
Einstein's Approach to Gain and Spontaneous Emission 579 A6.1 Introduction
579 A6.2 Einstein A and B Coefficients 582 A6.3 Thermal Equilibrium 584
A6.4 Calculation of Gain 585 A6.5 Calculation of Spontaneous Emission Rate
589 Reading List 592 7 Periodic Structures and the Transmission Matrix 593
A7.1 Introduction 593 A7.2 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors 593 A7.3
Application to Dielectric Stacks at the Bragg Condition 595 A7.4
Application to Dielectric Stacks Away from the Bragg Condition 597 A7.5
Correspondence with Approximate Techniques 600 A7.6 Generalized
Reflectivity at the Bragg Condition 603 Reading List 605 Problems 605 8
Electronic States in Semiconductors 609 A8.1 Introduction 609 A8.2 General
Description of Electronic States 609 A8.3 Bloch Functions and the Momentum
Matrix Element 611 A8.4 Band Structure in Quantum Wells 615 References 627
Reading List 628 9 Fermi's Golden Rule 629 A9.1 Introduction 629 A9.2
Semiclassical Derivation of the Transition Rate 630 Reading List 637
Problems 638 10 Transition Matrix Element 639 A10.1 General Derivation 639
A10.2 Polarization-Dependent Effects 641 A10.3 Inclusion of Envelope
Functions in Quantum Wells 645 Reading List 646 11 Strained Bandgaps 647
A11.1 General Definitions of Stress and Strain 647 A11.2 Relationship
Between Strain and Bandgap 650 A11.3 Relationship Between Strain and Band
Structure 655 References 656 12 Threshold Energy for Auger Processes 657
A12.1 CCCH Process 657 A12.2 CHHS and CHHL Processes 659 13 Langevin Noise
661 A13.1 Properties of Langevin Noise Sources 661 A13.2 Specific Langevin
Noise Correlations 665 A13.3 Evaluation of Noise Spectral Densities 669
References 672 Problems 672 14 Derivation Details for Perturbation Formulas
675 Reading List 676 15 Multimode Interference 677 A15.1 Multimode
Interference-Based Couplers 677 A15.2 Guided-Mode Propagation Analysis 678
A15.3 MMI Physical Properties 682 Reference 683 16 The Electro-Optic Effect
685 References 692 Reading List 692 17 Solution of Finite Difference
Problems 693 A17.1 Matrix Formalism 693 A17.2 One-Dimensional Dielectric
Slab Example 695 Reading List 696 Index 697