Michelle R. Clayman, Martin S. Fridson, George H. Troughton

Corporate Finance (eBook, ePUB)

A Practical Approach

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

The book that fills the practitioner need for a distillation of the most important tools and concepts of corporate finance In today's competitive business environment, companies must find innovative ways to enable rapid and sustainable growth not just to survive, but to thrive. Corporate Finance: A Practical Approach is designed to help financial analysts, executives, and investors achieve this goal with a practice-oriented distillation of the most important tools and concepts of corporate finance. Updated for a post-financial crisis environment, the Second Edition provides coverage of the most important issues surrounding modern corporate finance for the new global economy: * Preserves the hallmark conciseness of the first edition while offering expanded coverage of key topics including dividend policy, share repurchases, and capital structure * Current, real-world examples are integrated throughout the book to provide the reader with a concrete understanding of critical business growth concepts * Explanations and examples are rigorous and global, but make minimal use of mathematics * Each chapter presents learning objectives which highlight key material, helping the reader glean the most effective business advice possible * Written by the experts at CFA Institute, the world's largest association of professional investment managers Created for current and aspiring financial professionals and investors alike, Corporate Finance focuses on the knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary to succeed in today's global corporate world.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 528
• Erscheinungstermin: 23. Februar 2012
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781118217313
• Artikelnr.: 37485634

Autorenporträt

MICHELLE R. CLAYMAN, CFA, is Founder, Managing Partner, and Chief Investment Officer of New Amsterdam Partners LLC, an institutional money management firm in New York City. She has been published in the Financial Analysts Journal and the Journal of Investing, and is a frequent commentator for CNBC, Bloomberg, and other financial media outlets. MARTIN S. FRIDSON, CFA, is CEO of FridsonVision LLC in New York City and is known for his innovative work in credit analysis and investment strategy. He is the author of several highly acclaimed books on financial statement analysis, high-yield debt, and financial history and is the youngest person ever inducted into the Fixed Income Analysts Society Hall of Fame. GEORGE H. TROUGHTON, CFA, is Professor Emeritus of Finance at California State University, Chico. He is a recipient of the C. Stewart Sheppard Award for the advancement of education in the investment profession as well as the Donald L. Tuttle Award for CFA Grading Excellence.

Inhaltsangabe

Foreword xi Acknowledgments xv About the CFA Institute Investment Series
xvii CHAPTER 1 Corporate Governance 1 Learning Outcomes 1 1. Introduction 1
2. Corporate Governance: Objectives and Guiding Principles 2 3. Forms of
Business and Conflicts of Interest 3 3.1. Sole Proprietorships 4 3.2.
Partnerships 5 3.3. Corporations 5 4. Specific Sources of Conflict: Agency
Relationships 6 4.1. Manager-Shareholder Conflicts 6 4.2.
Director-Shareholder Conflicts 10 5. Corporate Governance Evaluation 10
5.1. The Board of Directors 11 5.2. Examples of Codes of Corporate
Governance 24 6. Environmental, Social, and Governance Factors 37 7.
Valuation Implications of Corporate Governance 39 8. Summary 40 Problems 42
CHAPTER 2 Capital Budgeting 47 Learning Outcomes 47 1. Introduction 48 2.
The Capital Budgeting Process 49 3. Basic Principles of Capital Budgeting
50 4. Investment Decision Criteria 52 4.1. Net Present Value 52 4.2.
Internal Rate of Return 53 4.3. Payback Period 55 4.4. Discounted Payback
Period 57 4.5. Average Accounting Rate of Return 58 4.6. Profitability
Index 58 4.7. NPV Profile 59 4.8. Ranking Conflicts between NPV and IRR 61
4.9. The Multiple IRR Problem and the No IRR Problem 65 4.10. Popularity
and Usage of the Capital Budgeting Methods 68 5. Cash Flow Projections 70
5.1. Table Format with Cash Flows Collected by Year 70 5.2. Table Format
with Cash Flows Collected by Type 72 5.3. Equation Format for Organizing
Cash Flows 72 6. More on Cash Flow Projections 74 6.1. Straight-Line and
Accelerated Depreciation Methods 74 6.2. Cash Flows for a Replacement
Project 77 6.3. Spreadsheet Modeling 79 6.4. Effects of Inflation on
Capital Budgeting Analysis 81 7. Project Analysis and Evaluation 82 7.1.
Mutually Exclusive Projects with Unequal Lives 82 7.2. Capital Rationing 84
7.3. Risk Analysis of Capital Investments--Standalone Methods 86 7.4. Risk
Analysis of Capital Investments--Market Risk Methods 92 7.5. Real Options
95 7.6. Common Capital Budgeting Pitfalls 99 8. Other Income Measures and
Valuation Models 101 8.1. The Basic Capital Budgeting Model 101 8.2.
Economic and Accounting Income 102 8.3. Economic Profit, Residual Income,
and Claims Valuation 106 9. Summary 110 Problems 113 CHAPTER 3 Cost of
Capital 127 Learning Outcomes 127 1. Introduction 128 2. Cost of Capital
128 2.1. Taxes and the Cost of Capital 129 2.2. Weights of the Weighted
Average 131 2.3. Applying the Cost of Capital to Capital Budgeting and
Security Valuation 133 3. Costs of the Different Sources of Capital 135
3.1. Cost of Debt 135 3.2. Cost of Preferred Stock 138 3.3. Cost of Common
Equity 140 4. Topics in Cost of Capital Estimation 146 4.1. Estimating Beta
and Determining a Project Beta 146 4.2. Country Risk 153 4.3. Marginal Cost
of Capital Schedule 154 4.4. Flotation Costs 157 4.5. What Do CFOs Do? 160
5. Summary 160 Problems 163 CHAPTER 4 Measures of Leverage 171 Learning
Outcomes 171 1. Introduction 171 2. Leverage 172 3. Business Risk and
Financial Risk 173 3.1. Business Risk and Its Components 174 3.2. Sales
Risk 174 3.3. Operating Risk 176 3.4. Financial Risk 182 3.5. Total
Leverage 184 3.6. Breakeven Points and Operating Breakeven Points 189 3.7.
The Risks of Creditors and Owners 191 4. Summary 194 Problems 194 CHAPTER 5
Capital Structure 199 Learning Outcomes 199 1. Introduction 199 2. The
Capital Structure Decision 200 2.1. Proposition I without Taxes: Capital
Structure Irrelevance 201 2.2. Proposition II without Taxes: Higher
Financial Leverage Raises the Cost of Equity 203 2.3. Taxes, the Cost of
Capital, and the Value of the Company 205 2.4. Costs of Financial Distress
210 2.5. Agency Costs 211 2.6. Costs of Asymmetric Information 212 2.7. The
Optimal Capital Structure According to the Static Trade-Off Theory 213 3.
Practical Issues in Capital Structure Policy 216 3.1. Debt Ratings 216 3.2.
Evaluating Capital Structure Policy 217 3.3. Leverage in an International
Setting 218 4. Summary 222 Problems 223 CHAPTER 6 Dividends and Share
Repurchases: Basics 229 Learning Outcomes 229 1. Introduction 229 2.
Dividends: Forms 230 2.1. Regular Cash Dividends 231 2.2. Extra or Special
(Irregular) Dividends 232 2.3. Liquidating Dividends 234 2.4. Stock
Dividends 234 2.5. Stock Splits 236 3. Dividends: Payment Chronology 238
3.1. Declaration Date 238 3.2. Ex-Dividend Date 238 3.3. Holder-of-Record
Date 239 3.4. Payment Date 239 3.5. Interval between Key Dates in the
Dividend Payment Chronology 239 4. Share Repurchases 241 4.1. Share
Repurchase Methods 243 4.2. Financial Statement Effects of Repurchases 245
4.3. Valuation Equivalence of Cash Dividends and Share Repurchases: The
Baseline 249 5. Concluding Remarks 250 6. Summary 251 Problems 252 CHAPTER
7 Dividends and Share Repurchases: Analysis 257 Learning Outcomes 257 1.
Introduction 258 2. Dividend Policy and Company Value: Theory 258 2.1.
Dividend Policy Does Not Matter 258 2.2. Dividend Policy Matters: The
Bird-in-the-Hand Argument 260 2.3. Dividend Policy Matters: The Tax
Argument 260 2.4. Other Theoretical Issues 261 2.5. Dividend Theory:
Summary 271 3. Factors Affecting Dividend Policy 271 3.1. Investment
Opportunities 272 3.2. The Expected Volatility of Future Earnings 272 3.3.
Financial Flexibility 273 3.4. Tax Considerations 273 3.5. Flotation Costs
276 3.6. Contractual and Legal Restrictions 277 3.7. Factors Affecting
Dividend Policy: Summary 278 4. Payout Policies 279 4.1. Types of Dividend
Policies 279 4.2. The Dividend versus Share Repurchase Decision 285 4.3.
Global Trends in Payout Policy 291 5. Analysis of Dividend Safety 293 6.
Summary 297 Problems 298 CHAPTER 8 Working Capital Management 303 Learning
Outcomes 303 1. Introduction 304 2. Managing and Measuring Liquidity 305
2.1. Defining Liquidity Management 305 2.2. Measuring Liquidity 307 3.
Managing the Cash Position 312 3.1. Forecasting Short-Term Cash Flows 313
3.2. Monitoring Cash Uses and Levels 315 4. Investing Short-Term Funds 316
4.1. Short-Term Investment Instruments 316 4.2. Strategies 320 4.3.
Evaluating Short-Term Funds Management 322 5. Managing Accounts Receivable
323 5.1. Key Elements of the Trade Credit Granting Process 324 5.2.
Managing Customers' Receipts 326 5.3. Evaluating Accounts Receivable
Management 328 6. Managing Inventory 330 6.1. Approaches to Managing Levels
of Inventory 331 6.2. Inventory Costs 332 6.3. Evaluating Inventory
Management 332 7. Managing Accounts Payable 334 7.1. The Economics of
Taking a Trade Discount 335 7.2. Managing Cash Disbursements 336 7.3.
Evaluating Accounts Payable Management 337 8. Managing Short-Term Financing
337 8.1. Sources of Short-Term Financing 337 8.2. Short-Term Borrowing
Approaches 339 8.3. Asset-Based Loans 340 8.4. Computing the Costs of
Borrowing 341 9. Summary 343 Problems 344 CHAPTER 9 Financial Statement
Analysis 347 Learning Outcomes 347 1. Introduction 347 2. Common-Size
Analysis 348 2.1. Vertical Common-Size Analysis 350 2.2. Horizontal
Common-Size Analysis 353 3. Financial Ratio Analysis 356 3.1. Activity
Ratios 357 3.2. Liquidity Analysis 363 3.3. Solvency Analysis 365 3.4.
Profitability Analysis 369 3.5. Other Ratios 383 3.6. Effective Use of
Ratio Analysis 386 4. Pro Forma Analysis 392 4.1. Estimating the
Sales-Driven Relations 395 4.2. Estimating the Fixed Burdens 396 4.3.
Forecasting Revenues 397 4.4. Constructing Pro Forma Statements 397 5.
Summary 401 Problems 402 CHAPTER 10 Mergers and Acquisitions 407 Learning
Outcomes 407 1. Introduction 408 2. Mergers and Acquisitions: Definitions
and Classifications 410 3. Motives for Merger 413 3.1. Synergy 413 3.2.
Growth 413 3.3. Increasing Market Power 414 3.4. Acquiring Unique
Capabilities and Resources 414 3.5. Diversification 414 3.6. Bootstrapping
Earnings 415 3.7. Managers' Personal Incentives 416 3.8. Tax Considerations
416 3.9. Unlocking Hidden Value 416 3.10. Cross-Border Motivations 417 4.
Transaction Characteristics 418 4.1. Form of Acquisition 419 4.2. Method of
Payment 420 4.3. Mind-Set of Target Management 422 5. Takeovers 424 5.1.
Pre-Offer Takeover Defense Mechanisms 424 5.2. Post-Offer Takeover Defense
Mechanisms 426 6. Regulation 429 6.1. Antitrust 430 6.2. Securities Laws
433 7. Merger Analysis 434 7.1. Target Company Valuation 434 7.2. Bid
Evaluation 446 8. Who Benefits from Mergers? 450 9. Corporate Restructuring
451 10. Summary 452 Problems 454 Glossary 463 References 475 About the
Authors 481 About the CFA Program 487 Index 489