Martin Bajus

Converting Power into Chemicals and Fuels (eBook, ePUB)

Power-to-X Technology for a Sustainable Future

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

CONVERTING POWER INTO CHEMICALS AND FUELS Understand the pivotal role that the petrochemical industry will play in the energy transition by integrating renewable or low-carbon alternatives Power into Chemicals and Fuels stresses the versatility of hydrogen as an enabler of the renewable energy system, an energy vector that can be transported and stored, and a fuel for the transportation sector, heating of buildings and providing heat and feedstock to industry. It can reduce both carbon and local emissions, increase energy security and strengthen the economy, as well as support the deployment of renewable power generation such as wind, solar, nuclear and hydro. With a focus on power-to-X technologies, this book discusses the production of basic petrochemicals in such a way as to minimize the carbon footprint and develop procedures that save energy or use energy from renewable sources. Various different power-to-X system configurations are introduced with discussions on their performance, environmental impact, and cost. Technologies for sustainable hydrogen production are covered, focusing on water electrolysis using renewable energy as well as consideration of the remaining challenges for large scale production and integration with other technologies. Power into Chemicals and Fuels readers will also find: * Discussion of recent advances in power-into-x technologies for the production of ethylene, propylene, formic acid, and more * Coverage of every stage in the power-into-x process, from power generation to upgrading the final product * Thermodynamic, technoeconomic, and life cycle assessment analyses of each major process Power into Chemicals and Fuels is a valuable resource for scientists and engineers working in the petrochemicals and hydrocarbons industries, as well as for all industry professionals in these and related fields.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 512
• Erscheinungstermin: 10. Juli 2023
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781394185764
• Artikelnr.: 68435694

Autorenporträt

Martin Bajus, PhD is Professor of Chemical Technology at the Institute of Organic Chemistry, Catalysis, and Petrochemistry, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. He founded the Bratislava School of Pyrolysis at the Slovak University of Technology, and has published extensively on energy and petrochemical subjects.

Inhaltsangabe

About the Book xvii

Preface xix

Acknowledgments xxiii

General Literature xxv

Nomenclature xxxi

Abbreviations and Acronyms xxxiii

1 Power-to-Chemical Technology 1

1.1 Introduction 2

1.2 Power-to-Chemical Engineering 4

1.2.1 Carbon Dioxide Thermodynamics 4

1.2.2 Carbon Dioxide Aromatization Thermodynamics 12

1.2.3 Reaction Mechanism of Carbon Dioxide Methanation 14

1.2.4 Water Electrolysis Thermodynamics 18

1.2.5 Methane Pyrolysis Reaction Thermodynamic Consideration 20

1.2.5.1 The Carbon-Hydrogen System 20

1.2.6 Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism 27

1.2.7 Thermal Mechanism of Methane Pyrolysis into a Sustainable Hydrogen 28

1.2.8 Catalytic Mechanism Splitting of Methane into a Sustainable Hydrogen 30

1.2.9 Conversion of Methane over Metal Catalysts into a Sustainable Hydrogen 35

1.2.9.1 Nickel Catalysts 35

1.2.9.2 Iron Catalysts 37

1.2.9.3 Regeneration of Metal Catalysts 39

1.2.10 Conversion of Methane over Carbon Catalysts into Clean Hydrogen 40

1.2.10.1 Activity of Carbon Catalysts 40

1.2.10.2 Stability and Deactivation of Carbon Catalysts 42

1.2.10.3 Regeneration of Carbon Catalysts 43

1.2.10.4 Co-Feeding to Extend the Lifetime of Carbon Catalysts 44

1.2.11 Reactors 44

1.2.11.1 Conversion, Selectivity and Yields 44

1.2.11.2 Modelling Approach of the Structured Catalytic Reactors 45

1.2.11.3 Reactor Concept for Catalytic Carbon Dioxide Methanation 46

1.2.11.4 Monolithic Reactors 48

1.2.11.5 Mass Transfer in the Honeycomb and Slurry Bubble Column Reactor 49

1.2.11.6 Heat Transfer in Honeycomb and Slurry Bubble Column Reactors 50

1.2.11.7 Process Design 51

1.2.11.8 Comparison and Outlook 52

1.3 Potential Steps Towards Sustainable Hydrocarbon Technology: Vision and Trends 53

1.3.1 Technology Readiness Levels 54

1.3.2 A Vision for the Oil Refinery of 2030 59

1.3.3 The Transition from Fuels to Chemicals 60

1.3.3.1 Crude Oil to Chemicals Investments 66

1.3.3.2 Available Crude-to-Chemicals Routes 67

1.3.4 Business Trends: Petrochemicals 2025 67

1.3.4.1 Asia-Pacific 69

1.3.4.2 Middle East 70

1.3.4.3 United States 70

1.4 Digital Transformation 71

1.4.1 Benefits of Digital Transformation 71

1.4.2 A New Workforce and Workplace 72

1.4.3 Technology Investment 73

1.4.4 The Greening of the Downstream Industry 74

1.4.4.1 Sustainable Alkylation Technology 75

1.4.4.2 Ecofriendly Catalyst 75

1.5 RAM Modelling 76

1.5.1 RAM1 Site Model 77

1.5.2 RAM2 Plant Models 77

1.5.3 RAM3 Models 78

1.5.4 RAM Modelling Benefit 78

1.6 Conclusions 78

Further Reading 80

2 The Green Shift in Power-to-Chemical Technology and Power-to-Chemical Engineering: A Framework for a Sustainable Future 85

2.1 Introduction 86

2.2 Eco-Friendly Catalyst 87

2.2.1 Development of Catalysts Supported on Carbons for Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation 88

2.2.2 Properties of Carbon Supports 89

2.3 Hydrogen 91

2.3.1 Different Colours and Costs of Hydrogen 92

2.3.1.1 Blue Hydrogen 92

2.3.1.2 Green Hydrogen 92

2.3.1.3 Grey Hydrogen 93

2.3.1.4 Pink Hydrogen 93

2.3.1.5 Yellow Hydrogen 93

2.3.1.6 Multi-Coloured Hydrogen 93

2.3.1.7 Hydrogen Cost 93

2.4 Alter