Fiona J. Rowe

Clinical Orthoptics (eBook, PDF)

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

Clinical Orthoptics has become established as a basic reference text providing fundamental information on anatomy, innervation and orthoptic investigation, plus diagnosis and management of strabismus, ocular motility and related disturbances. It is aimed at trainee ophthalmologists and orthoptic undergraduate students. Qualified orthoptists, general ophthalmologists and optometrists will also find valuable guidance in these pages. In this edition, the author has maintained the goal of producing a user-friendly, clinically relevant and succinct book, while revising it to reflect a variety of developments in the field. FEATURES * Essential reading for students of orthoptics and ophthalmolology * Now fully revised and updated * Generously illustrated with photographs and line drawings * Includes diagnostic aids, case reports, and helpful glossary

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 488
• Erscheinungstermin: 9. Januar 2012
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781118341599
• Artikelnr.: 38250844

Autorenporträt

Fiona J. Rowe is Lecturer in Orthoptics at the University of Liverpool and an Honorary Research Vision Scientist at the Department of Orthoptics and Ophthalmology, Warrington Hospital. Dr Rowe also lectures extensively to trainee and qualified ophthalmologists, ophthalmic nurses, and other members of the multi-disciplinary eye care team.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xi Acknowledgements xii List of Figures xiii List of Tables xvii
SECTION I 1 1 Extraocular Muscle Anatomy and Innervation 3 Muscle pulleys 3
Ocular muscles 5 Innervation 10 Associated cranial nerves 12 References 15
Further reading 16 2 Binocular Single Vision 17 Worth's classification 17
Development 17 Retinal correspondence 19 Physiology of stereopsis 20 Fusion
23 Retinal rivalry 24 Suppression 24 Diplopia 25 References 27 Further
reading 28 3 Ocular Motility 29 Saccadic system 29 Smooth pursuit system 31
Vergence system 33 Vestibular-ocular response and optokinetic response 35
Brainstem control 37 Muscle sequelae 39 Past-pointing 40 Bell's phenomenon
41 References 41 Further reading 43 4 Orthoptic Investigative Procedures 45
Visual acuity 45 Cover test 60 Ocular motility 64 Accommodation and
convergence 68 Retinal correspondence 73 Fusion 77 Stereopsis 82
Suppression 89 Synoptophore 91 Aniseikonia 97 Fixation 98 Measurement of
deviations 99 Hess charts 105 Field of binocular single vision 108
Uniocular field of vision 110 Measurement of torsion 111 Parks-Helveston
three-step test 113 Diplopia charts 113 Bielchowsky phenomenon (dark wedge
test) 115 Forced duction test 115 Forced generation test 115 Orthoptic
exercises 115 References 119 Further reading 124 SECTION II 129 5
Heterophoria 131 Classification 131 Aetiology 131 Causes of decompensation
132 Esophoria 132 Exophoria 132 Hyperphoria/hypophoria 133 Alternating
hyperphoria 133 Alternating hypophoria 133 Cyclophoria 133 Incomitant
heterophoria 133 Hemifield slide 133 Investigation of heterophoria 134
Management 135 References 136 Further reading 137 6 Heterotropia 138
Esotropia 138 Factors necessary for development of binocular single vision
139 Constant esotropia with an accommodative element 140 Constant esotropia
without an accommodative element 141 Accommodative esotropia 146 Relating
to fixation distance 151 Exotropia 155 Hypertropia 168 Hypotropia 168
Cyclotropia 169 Dissociated vertical deviation 170 Dissociated horizontal
deviation 172 Quality of life 173 Pseudostrabismus 174 References 175
Further reading 184 7 Microtropia 189 Terminology 189 Classification 190
Investigation 191 Management 194 References 194 Further reading 195 8
Amblyopia and Visual Impairment 197 Classification 197 Aetiology 197
Investigation 198 Management 199 Eccentric fixation 205 Cerebral visual
impairment 205 Delayed visual maturation 206 PHACE syndrome 207 References
207 Further reading 212 9 Aphakia 215 Methods of correction 215
Investigation 215 Problems with unilateral aphakia 216 Management 216
References 218 Further reading 219 SECTION III 221 10 Incomitant Strabismus
223 Aetiology 223 Aid to diagnosis 225 Diplopia 226 Abnormal head posture
227 References 230 Further reading 231 11 A and V Patterns 232
Classification 232 Aetiology 232 Investigation 236 Management 238
References 241 Further reading 243 12 Accommodation and Convergence
Disorders 245 Accommodative disorders 245 Presbyopia - physiological 245
Presbyopia - premature (non-physiological) 246 Accommodative insufficiency
247 Accommodative fatigue 248 Accommodative paralysis 248 Accommodative
spasm 249 Accommodative inertia 250 Micropsia 251 Macropsia 251 Convergence
anomalies 251 Convergence insufficiency 252 Convergence paralysis 254
Convergence spasm 254 Specific learning difficulty 254 References 255
Further reading 257 13 Ptosis and Pupils 259 Ptosis 259 Marcus Gunn
jaw-winking syndrome 263 Lid retraction 264 Pupils 264 References 269
Further reading 271 14 Neurogenic Disorders 272 III (third) cranial nerve
272 IV (fourth) cranial nerve 280 VI (sixth) cranial nerve 288 Multiple
sclerosis 292 Acquired motor fusion deficiency 293 Non-accidental injury
294 Premature visual impairment 295 Ophthalmoplegia 296 References 300
Further reading 307 15 Mechanical Paralytic Strabismus 310 Congenital
cranial dysinnervation disorders 312 Brown's syndrome 319 Adherence
syndrome 324 Moebius syndrome 325 Strabismus fixus syndrome 327 Thyroid eye
disease 327 Orbital injuries 333 Blow-out fracture 334 Soft tissue injury
339 Supraorbital fracture 341 Naso-orbital fracture 341 Zygoma fracture 341
Conjunctival shortening syndrome 342 Retinal detachment 342 Cataract 343
Macular translocation surgery 344 References 344 Further reading 350 16
Myogenic Disorders 354 Thyroid eye disease 354 Chronic progressive external
ophthalmoplegia 354 Myasthenia gravis 355 Myotonic dystrophy 358 Ocular
myositis 358 Kearns-Sayre ophthalmoplegia 359 References 359 Further
reading 361 17 Craniofacial Synostoses 362 Plagiocephaly 362 Brachycephaly
362 Scaphocephaly/dolichocephaly 362 Occipital plagiocephaly 362 Apert's
syndrome 363 Craniofrontonasal dysplasia 363 Crouzon's syndrome 363
Pfeiffer syndrome 363 Saethre-Chotzen syndrome 364 Unicoronal syndrome 364
General signs and symptoms 364 Ocular signs and symptoms 365 Management 365
References 366 Further reading 367 18 Nystagmus 368 Aetiology 368
Classification 368 Investigation 373 Management 375 References 378 Further
reading 380 19 Supranuclear and Internuclear Disorders 382 Saccadic
movement disorders 382 Smooth pursuit movement disorders 384 Vergence
movement disorders 385 Gaze palsy 386 Optokinetic movement disorders 394
Vestibular movement disorders 395 Brainstem syndromes 395 Skew deviation
397 Ocular tilt reaction 398 Ocular investigation 398 Management options
400 References 401 Further reading 405 SECTION IV Appendices 407 Diagnostic
Aids 409 Abbreviations of Orthoptic Terms 418 Diagrammatic Recording of
Ocular Motility 424 Diagrammatic Recording of Nystagmus 426 Glossary 428
Case Reports 441 Index 459