John J. Gilman

Chemistry and Physics of Mechanical Hardness (eBook, PDF)

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

A comprehensive treatment of the chemistry and physics of mechanical hardness Chemistry and Physics of Mechanical Hardness presents a general introduction to hardness measurement and the connections between hardness and fundamental materials properties. Beginning with an introduction on the importance of hardness in the development of technology, the book systematically covers: * Indentation * Chemical bonding * Plastic deformation * Covalent semiconductors * Simple metals and alloys * Transition metals * Intermetallic compounds * Ionic crystals * Metal-metalloids * Oxides * Molecular crystals * Polymers * Glasses * Hot hardness * Chemical hardness * Super-hard materials Chemistry and Physics of Mechanical Hardness is essential reading for materials scientists, mechanical engineers, metallurgists, ceramists, chemists, and physicists who are interested in learning how hardness is related to other properties and to the building blocks of everyday matter.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 232
• Erscheinungstermin: 28. Mai 2009
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9780470446829
• Artikelnr.: 37292312

Autorenporträt

John J. Gilman, PhD, is Research Professor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at UCLA. He has been contributing to the scientific literature of mechanical hardness for almost fifty years. Dr. Gilman is the author of three other books and 325 technical papers, and the owner of six patents. He has been an editor for various books and magazines.

Inhaltsangabe

1. INTRODUCTION. 1.1. Why hardness matters (a short history). 1.2. Purpose
of this book. 1.3. The nature of hardness. 2. INDENTATION. 2.1.
Introduction. 2.2. The Chin-Gilman parameter. 2.3. What does indentation
hardness measure? 2.4. "Indentation Size Effect". 2.5. Indentation size.
2.6. Indentation vs. scratch hardness. 2.7. Blunt or "soft" indenters. 2.8.
Anisotropy. 2.9. Indenter and Specimen Surfaces. 3. CHEMICAL BONDING. 3.1.
Forms of bonding. 3.2. Atoms. 3.3. State symmetries. 3.4. Molecular bonding
(hydrogen). 3.5. Covalent bonds. 3.6. Bonding in solids. 3.7.
Electrodynamic bonding. 3.8. Polarizability. 4. PLASTIC DEFORMATION. 4.1.
Introduction . 4.2. Dislocation movement. 4.3. Importance of symmetry. 4.4.
Local inelastic shearing of atoms. 4.5. Dislocation multiplication. 4.6.
Individual dislocation velocities (microscopic distances). 4.7. Viscous
drag. 4.8. "Deformation softening" and elastic relaxation. 4.9. Macroscopic
plastic deformation. 5. COVALENT SEMICONDUCTORS. 5.1. Introduction. 5.2.
Octahedral shear stiffness. 5.3. Chemical bonds and dislocation mobility.
5.4. Behavior of kinks. 5.5. Effect of polarity. 5.6. Photoplasticity. 5.7.
Surface environments. 5.8. Effect of temperature. 5.9. Doping effects. 6.
SIMPLE METALS AND ALLOYS. 6.1. Intrinsic behavior. 6.2. Extrinsic sources
of plastic resistance. 7. TRANSITION METALS. 7.1. Introduction. 7.2. Rare
earth metals. 8. INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS. 8.1. Introduction. 8.2. Crystal
structures. 8.3. Calculated hardness of NiAl. 8.4. Superconducting
intermetallic compounds. 8.5. Transition metal compounds. 9. IONIC
CRYSTALS. 9.1. Alkali halides. 9.2. Glide in the NaCl structure. 9.3.
Alkali halide alloys. 9.4. Glide in the CsCl structure. 9.5. Effect of
imputities. 9.6. Alkaline earth fluorides. 9.7. Alkaline earth sulfides.
9.8. Photomechanical effects. 9.9. Effects of applied electric fields.
9.10. Magneto-plasticity. 10. METAL-METALLOIDS (hard metals). 10.1.
Introduction. 10.2. Carbides. 10.3. Tungsten carbide. 10.4. Borides. 10.5.
Titanium diboride. 10.6. Rare metal diborides. 10.7. Hexaborides. 10.8.
¿oron carbide (carbon quasi-hexaboride). 10.9. Nitrides. 11. OXIDES. 11.1.
Introduction. 11.2. Silicates. 11.3. Cubic oxides. 11.4. Hexagonal
(rhombohedral) oxides. 11.5. Comparion of transition metal oxides with
"hard metals". 12. MOLECULAR CRYSTALS. 12.1. Introduction. 12.2.
Anthracene. 12.3. Sucrose. 12.4. Amino acids. 12.5. Protein crystals. 12.6.
Energetic crystals (explosives). 12.7. Commentary. 13. POLYMERS. 13.1.
Introduction. 13.2. Thermosetting resins (phenolic and epoxide). 13.3.
Thermoplastic polymers. 13.4. Mechanisms of inelastic plasticity. 13.5.
"Natural" polymers (plants). 13.6. "Natural" polymers (animals). 14.
GLASSES. 14.1. Introduction. 14.2. Inorganic glasses. 14.3. Metallic
glasses. 15. HOT HARDNESS. 15.1. Introduction. 15.2. Nickel aluminide
versus oxides. 15.3. Other hard compounds. 15.4. Metals. 15.5.
Intermetallic compounds. 16. CHEMICAL HARDNESS. 16.1. Introduction . 16.2.
Definition of Chemical hardness. 16.3. Physical (mechanical) hardness.
16.4. Hardness and electronic stability. 16.5. Chemical and elastic
hardness (stiffness). 16.6. Band gap density and polarizability. 16.7.
Compression induced structure changes. 16.8. Summary. 17. SUPER-HARD
MATERIALS. 17.1. Introduction. 17.2. Principles for high hardness. 17.3.
Friction at high loads. 17.4. Examples of superhard materials.