Akihiro Ametani, Teruo Ohno, Naoto Nagaoka

Cable System Transients (eBook, ePUB)

Theory, Modeling and Simulation

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

A systematic and comprehensive introduction to electromagnetic transient in cable systems, written by the internationally renowned pioneer in this field * Presents a systematic and comprehensive introduction to electromagnetic transient in cable systems * Written by the internationally renowned pioneer in the field * Thorough coverage of the state of the art on the topic, presented in a well-organized, logical style, from fundamentals and practical applications * A companion website is available

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 416
• Erscheinungstermin: 26. Mai 2015
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781118702185
• Artikelnr.: 42962720

Autorenporträt

Akihiro Ametani, Doshisha University, Japan Teruo Ohno, Tokyo Electric Power Company, Japan Naoto Nagaoka, Doshisha University, Japan

Inhaltsangabe

About the Authors xi Preface xiii Acknowledgements xv 1 Various Cables Used
in Practice 1 Teruo Ohno 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Land Cables 3 1.2.1
Introduction 3 1.2.2 XLPE Cables 4 1.2.3 SCOF Cables 9 1.2.4 HPOF Cables 10
1.3 Submarine Cables 11 1.3.1 Introduction 11 1.3.2 HVAC Submarine Cables
11 1.3.3 HVDC Submarine Cables 12 1.4 Laying Configurations 13 1.4.1 Burial
Condition 13 1.4.2 Sheath Bonding 14 References 19 2 Impedance and
Admittance Formulas 21 Akihiro Ametani 2.1 Single-core Coaxial Cable (SC
Cable) 22 2.1.1 Impedance 22 2.1.2 Potential Coefficient 25 2.2
Pipe-enclosed Type Cable (PT Cable) 27 2.2.1 Impedance 27 2.2.2 Potential
Coefficient 29 2.3 Arbitrary Cross-section Conductor 31 2.3.1 Equivalent
Cylindrical Conductor 31 2.3.2 Examples 32 2.4 Semiconducting Layer
Impedance 35 2.4.1 Derivation of Impedance 35 2.4.2 Impedance of
Two-layered Conductor 38 2.4.3 Discussion of the Impedance Formula 38 2.4.4
Admittance of Semiconducting Layer 40 2.4.5 Wave Propagation Characteristic
of Cable with Core Outer Semiconducting Layer 40 2.4.6 Concluding Remarks
47 2.5 Discussion of the Formulation 47 2.5.1 Discussion of the Formulas 47
2.5.2 Parameters Influencing Cable Impedance and Admittance 49 2.6 EMTP
Subroutines "Cable Constants" and "Cable Parameters" 52 2.6.1 Overhead Line
52 2.6.2 Underground/Overhead Cable 52 Appendix 2.A Impedance of an SC
Cable Consisting of a Core, a Sheath and an Armor 54 Appendix 2.B Potential
Coefficient 56 Appendix 2.C Internal Impedances of Arbitrary Cross-section
Conductor 57 Appendix 2.D Derivation of Semiconducting Layer Impedance 58
References 61 3 Theory ofWave Propagation in Cables 63 Akihiro Ametani 3.1
Modal Theory 63 3.1.1 Eigenvalues and Vectors 63 3.1.2 Calculation of a
Matrix Function by Eigenvalues/Vectors 65 3.1.3 Direct Application of
Eigenvalue Theory to a Multi-conductor System 66 3.1.4 Modal Theory 67
3.1.5 Formulation of Multi-conductor Voltages and Currents 69 3.1.6
Boundary Conditions and Two-port Theory 71 3.1.7 Problems 77 3.2 Basic
Characteristics of Wave Propagation on Single-phase SC Cables 78 3.2.1
Basic Propagation Characteristics for a Transient 78 3.2.2
Frequency-dependent Characteristics 81 3.2.3 Time Response of Wave
Deformation 84 3.3 Three-phase Underground SC Cables 84 3.3.1 Mutual
Coupling between Phases 84 3.3.2 Transformation Matrix 86 3.3.3 Attenuation
and Velocity 87 3.3.4 Characteristic Impedance 88 3.4 Effect of Various
Parameters of an SC Cable 90 3.4.1 Buried Depth h 91 3.4.2 Earth
Resistivity e 91 3.4.3 Sheath Thickness d 91 3.4.4 Sheath Resistivity s 91
3.4.5 Arrangement of a Three-phase SC Cable 93 3.5 Cross-bonded Cable 94
3.5.1 Introduction of Cross-bonded Cable 94 3.5.2 Theoretical Formulation
of a Cross-bonded Cable 95 3.5.3 Homogeneous Model of a Cross-bonded Cable
102 3.5.4 Difference between Tunnel-installed and Buried Cables 105 3.6 PT
Cable 114 3.6.1 Introduction of PT Cable 114 3.6.2 PT Cable with
Finite-pipe Thickness 115 3.6.3 Effect of Eccentricity of Inner Conductor
128 3.6.4 Effect of the Permittivity of the Pipe Inner Insulator 133 3.6.5
Overhead PT Cable 133 3.7 Propagation Characteristics of Intersheath Modes
134 3.7.1 Theoretical Analysis of Intersheath Modes 134 3.7.2 Transients on
a Cross-bonded Cable 144 3.7.3 Earth-return Mode 159 3.7.4 Concluding
Remarks 160 References 160 4 Cable Modeling for Transient Simulations 163
Teruo Ohno and Akihiro Ametani 4.1 Sequence Impedances Using a Lumped
PI-circuit Model 163 4.1.1 Solidly Bonded Cables 163 4.1.2 Cross-bonded
Cables 167 4.1.3 Derivation of Sequence Impedance Formulas 168 4.2
Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) Cable Models for Transient
Simulations 174 4.3 Dommel Model 175 4.4 Semlyen Frequency-dependent Model
176 4.4.1 Semlyen Model 177 4.4.2 Linear Model 178 4.5 Marti Model 178 4.6
Latest Frequency-dependent Models 179 4.6.1 Vector Fitting 179 4.6.2
Frequency Region Partitioning Algorithm 181 References 182 5 Basic
Characteristics of Transients on Single-phase Cables 185 Akihiro Ametani
5.1 Single-core Coaxial (SC) Cable 185 5.1.1 Experimental Observations 185
5.1.2 EMTP Simulations 187 5.1.3 Theoretical Analysis 192 5.1.4 Analytical
Evaluation of Parameters 203 5.1.5 Analytical Calculation of Transient
Voltages 204 5.1.6 Concluding Remarks 211 5.2 Pipe-enclosed Type (PT)
Cable-Effect of Eccentricity 212 5.2.1 Model Circuit for the EMTP
Simulation 212 5.2.2 Simulation Results for Step-function Voltage Source
214 5.2.3 FDTD Simulation 218 5.2.4 Theoretical Analysis 218 5.2.5
Concluding Remarks 224 5.3 Effect of a Semiconducting Layer on a Transient
225 5.3.1 Step Function Voltage Applied to a 2 km Cable 225 5.3.2 5 × 70
mus Impulse Voltage Applied to a 40 km Cable 226 References 227 6 Transient
on Three-phase Cables in a Real System 229 Akihiro Ametani 6.1 Cross-bonded
Cable 229 6.1.1 Field Test on an 110 kV Oil-filled (OF) Cable 229 6.1.2
Effect of Cross-bonding 229 6.1.3 Effect of Various Parameters 232 6.1.4
Homogeneous Model (See Section 3.5.3) 237 6.1.5 PAI-circuit Model 239 6.2
Tunnel-installed 275 kV Cable 240 6.2.1 Cable Configuration 240 6.2.2
Effect of Geometrical Parameters on Wave Propagation 241 6.2.3 Field Test
on 275 kV XLPE Cable 243 6.2.4 Concluding Remarks 249 6.3 Cable Installed
Underneath a Bridge 252 6.3.1 Model System 252 6.3.2 Effect of an Overhead
Cable and a Bridge 253 6.3.3 Effect of Overhead Lines on a Cable Transient
257 6.4 Cable Modeling in EMTP Simulations 262 6.4.1 Marti's and Dommel's
Cable Models 262 6.4.2 Homogeneous Cable Model (See Section 3.5.3) 265
6.4.3 Effect of Tunnel-installed Cable 265 6.5 Pipe-enclosed Type (PT)
Cable 266 6.5.1 Field Test on a 275 kV Pressure Oil-filled (POF) Cable 266
6.5.2 Measured Results 267 6.5.3 FTP Simulation 269 6.6 Gas-insulated
Substation (GIS) - Overhead Cables 274 6.6.1 Basic Characteristic of an
Overhead Cable 274 6.6.2 Effect of Spacer in a Bus 275 6.6.3 Three-phase
Underground Gas-insulated Line 281 6.6.4 Switching Surges in a 500 kV GIS
282 6.6.5 Basic Characteristics of Switching Surges Induced to a Control
Cable 284 Appendix 6.A 293 Appendix 6.B 295 References 295 7 Examples of
Cable System Transients 297 Teruo Ohno 7.1 Reactive Power Compensation 297
7.2 Temporary Overvoltages 298 7.2.1 Series Resonance Overvoltage 298 7.2.2
Parallel Resonance Overvoltage 310 7.2.3 Overvoltage Caused by System
Islanding 314 7.3 Slow-front Overvoltages 317 7.3.1 Line Energization
Overvoltages from a Lumped Source 317 7.3.2 Line Energization Overvoltages
from a Complex Source 329 7.3.3 Analysis of Statistical Distribution of
Energization Overvoltages 332 7.4 Leading Current Interruption 341 7.5
Zero-missing Phenomenon 342 7.5.1 Zero-missing Phenomenon and
Countermeasures 342 7.5.2 Sequential Switching 344 7.6 Cable Discharge 346
References 347 8 Cable Transient in Distributed Generation System 351 Naoto
Nagaoka 8.1 Transient Simulation of Wind Farm 351 8.1.1 Circuit Diagram 351
8.1.2 Cable Model and Dominant Frequency 352 8.1.3 Data for Cable
Parameters 354 8.1.4 EMTP Data Structure 359 8.1.5 Results of
Pre-calculation 363 8.1.6 Cable Energization 364 8.2 Transients in a Solar
Plant 374 8.2.1 Modeling of Solar Plant 374 8.2.2 Simulated Results 379
References 388 Index 391