Bioprocessing of Renewable Resources to Commodity Bioproducts (eBook, PDF)
Redaktion: Bisaria, Virendra S.; Kondo, Akihiko
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Bioprocessing of Renewable Resources to Commodity Bioproducts (eBook, PDF)
Redaktion: Bisaria, Virendra S.; Kondo, Akihiko
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This book provides the vision of a successful biorefinery--the lignocelluloic biomass needs to be efficiently converted to its constituent monomers, comprising mainly of sugars such as glucose, xylose, mannose and arabinose. Accordingly, the first part of the book deals with aspects crucial for the pretreatment and hydrolysis of biomass to give sugars in high yield, as well as the general aspects of bioprocessing technologies which will enable the development of biorefineries through inputs of metabolic engineering, fermentation, downstream processing and formulation. The second part of the…mehr
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- Produktdetails
- Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
- Seitenzahl: 584
- Erscheinungstermin: 25. März 2014
- Englisch
- ISBN-13: 9781118845455
- Artikelnr.: 40712471
- Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
- Seitenzahl: 584
- Erscheinungstermin: 25. März 2014
- Englisch
- ISBN-13: 9781118845455
- Artikelnr.: 40712471
Biorefineries--Concepts for Sustainability 3 Michael Sauer, Matthias
Steiger, Diethard Mattanovich, and Hans Marx 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Three
Levels for Biomass Use 5 1.3 The Sustainable Removal of Biomass from the
Field is Crucial for a Successful Biorefinery 7 1.4 Making Order:
Classification of Biorefineries 8 1.5 Quantities of Sustainably Available
Biomass 10 1.6 Quantification of Sustainability 11 1.7 Starch- and
Sugar-Based Biorefinery 12 1.8 Oilseed Crops 14 1.9 Lignocellulosic
Feedstock 16 1.10 Green Biorefinery 19 1.11 Microalgae 20 1.12 Future
Prospects--Aiming for Higher Value from Biomass 21 References 24 2 Biomass
Logistics 29 Kevin L. Kenney, J. Richard Hess, Nathan A. Stevens, William
A. Smith, Ian J. Bonner, and David J. Muth 2.1 Introduction 30 2.2 Method
of Assessing Uncertainty, Sensitivity, and Influence of Feedstock Logistic
System Parameters 31 2.3 Understanding Uncertainty in the Context of
Feedstock Logistics 36 2.4 Future Prospects 40 2.5 Financial
Disclosure/Acknowledgments 40 References 41 3 Pretreatment of
Lignocellulosic Materials 43 Karthik Rajendran and Mohammad J. Taherzadeh
3.1 Introduction 44 3.2 Complexity of Lignocelluloses 45 3.3 Challenges in
Pretreatment of Lignocelluloses 52 3.4 Pretreatment Methods and Mechanisms
53 3.5 Economic Outlook 64 3.6 Future Prospects 67 References 68 4
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass 77 Jonathan J. Stickel,
Roman Brunecky, Richard T. Elander, and James D. McMillan 4.1 Introduction
78 4.2 Cellulase, Hemicellulase, and Accessory Enzyme Systems and Their
Synergistic Action on Lignocellulosic Biomass 79 4.3 Enzymatic Hydrolysis
at High Concentrations of Biomass Solids 83 4.4 Mechanistic Process
Modeling and Simulation 88 4.5 Considerations for Process Integration and
Economic Viability 91 4.6 Economic Outlook 95 4.7 Future Prospects 96
Acknowledgments 97 References 97 5 Production of Cellulolytic Enzymes 105
Ranjita Biswas, Abhishek Persad, and Virendra S. Bisaria 5.1 Introduction
106 5.2 Hydrolytic Enzymes for Digestion of Lignocelluloses 107 5.3
Desirable Attributes of Cellulase for Hydrolysis of Cellulose 109 5.4
Strategies Used for Enhanced Enzyme Production 110 5.5 Economic Outlook 123
5.6 Future Prospects 123 References 124 6 Bioprocessing Technologies 133
Gopal Chotani, Caroline Peres, Alexandra Schuler, and Peyman Moslemy 6.1
Introduction 134 6.2 Cell Factory Platform 136 6.3 Fermentation Process 142
6.4 Recovery Process 147 6.5 Formulation Process 153 6.6 Final Product
Blends 161 6.7 Economic Outlook and Future Prospects 162 Acknowledgment 163
Nomenclature 163 References 163 PART II SPECIFIC COMMODITY BIOPRODUCTS 7
Ethanol from Bacteria 169 Hideshi Yanase 7.1 Introduction 170 7.2
Heteroethanologenic Bacteria 172 7.3 Homoethanologenic Bacteria 183 7.4
Economic Outlook 191 7.5 Future Prospects 192 References 193 8 Ethanol
Production from Yeasts 201 Tomohisa Hasunuma, Ryosuke Yamada, and Akihiko
Kondo 8.1 Introduction 202 8.2 Ethanol Production from Starchy Biomass 205
8.3 Ethanol Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass 208 8.4 Economic
Outlook 218 8.5 Future Prospects 220 References 220 9 Fermentative
Biobutanol Production: An Old Topic with Remarkable Recent Advances 227 Yi
Wang, Holger Janssen and Hans P. Blaschek 9.1 Introduction 228 9.2 Butanol
as a Fuel and Chemical Feedstock 229 9.3 History of ABE Fermentation 230
9.4 Physiology of Clostridial ABE Fermentation 232 9.5 Abe Fermentation
Processes, Butanol Toxicity, and Product Recovery 236 9.6 Metabolic
Engineering and "Omics"--Analyses of Solventogenic Clostridia 239 9.7
Economic Outlook 246 9.8 Current Status and Future Prospects 247 References
251 10 Bio-based Butanediols Production: The Contributions of Catalysis,
Metabolic Engineering, and Synthetic Biology 261 Xiao-Jun Ji and He Huang
10.1 Introduction 262 10.2 Bio-Based 2,3-Butanediol 264 10.3 Bio-Based
1,4-Butanediol 276 10.4 Economic Outlook 279 10.5 Future Prospects 280
Acknowledgments 280 References 280 11 1,3-Propanediol 289 Yaqin Sun,
Chengwei Ma, Hongxin Fu, Ying Mu, and Zhilong Xiu 11.1 Introduction 290
11.2 Bioconversion of Glucose into 1,3-Propanediol 291 11.3 Bioconversion
of Glycerol into 1,3-Propanediol 292 11.4 Metabolic Engineering 302 11.5
Down-Processing of 1,3-Propanediol 308 11.6 Integrated Processes 311 11.7
Economic Outlook 314 11.8 Future Prospects 315 Acknowledgments 316 A List
of Abbreviations 316 References 317 12 Isobutanol 327 Bernhard J. Eikmanns
and Bastian Blombach 12.1 Introduction 328 12.2 The Access Code for the
Microbial Production of Branched-Chain Alcohols: 2-Ketoacid Decarboxylase
and an Alcohol Dehydrogenase 329 12.3 Metabolic Engineering Strategies for
Directed Production of Isobutanol 331 12.4 Overcoming Isobutanol
Cytotoxicity 341 12.5 Process Development for the Production of Isobutanol
343 12.6 Economic Outlook 345 12.7 Future Prospects 346 Abbreviations 347
Nomenclature 347 References 349 13 Lactic Acid 353 Kenji Okano, Tsutomu
Tanaka, and Akihiko Kondo 13.1 History of Lactic Acid 354 13.2 Applications
of Lactic Acid 354 13.3 Poly Lactic Acid 354 13.4 Conventional Lactic Acid
Production 356 13.5 Lactic Acid Production From Renewable Resources 357
13.6 Economic Outlook 373 13.7 Future Prospects 374 Nomenclature 374
References 375 14 Microbial Production of 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid From
Renewable Sources: A Green Approach as an Alternative to Conventional
Chemistry 381 Vinod Kumar, Somasundar Ashok, and Sunghoon Park 14.1
Introduction 382 14.2 Natural Microbial Production of 3-HP 383 14.3
Production of 3-HP from Glucose by Recombinant Microorganisms 385 14.4
Production of 3-HP from Glycerol by Recombinant Microorganisms 388 14.5
Major Challenges for Microbial Production of 3-HP 396 14.6 Economic Outlook
400 14.7 Future Prospects 401 Acknowledgment 401 List of Abbreviations 402
References 402 15 Fumaric Acid Biosynthesis and Accumulation 409 Israel
Goldberg and J. Stefan Rokem 15.1 Introduction 410 15.2 Microbial Synthesis
of Fumaric Acid 412 15.3 A Plausible Biochemical Mechanism for Fumaric Acid
Biosynthesis and Accumulation in Rhizopus 417 15.4 Toward Engineering
Rhizopus for Fumaric Acid Production 422 15.5 Economic Outlook 424 15.6
Future Perspectives 427 Acknowledgment 429 References 430 16 Succinic Acid
435 Boris Litsanov, Melanie Brocker, Marco Oldiges, and Michael Bott 16.1
Succinate as an Important Platform Chemical for a Sustainable Bio-Based
Chemistry 436 16.2 Microorganisms for Bio-Succinate Production--Physiology,
Metabolic Routes, and Strain Development 437 16.3 Neutral Versus Acidic
Conditions for Product Formation 455 16.4 Downstream Processing 456 16.5
Companies Involved in Bio-Succinic Acid Manufacturing 458 16.6 Future
Prospects and Economic Outlook 462 References 463 17 Glutamic Acid 473
Takashi Hirasawa and Hiroshi Shimizu 17.1 Introduction 474 17.2 Glutamic
Acid Production by Corynebacterium Glutamicum 475 17.3 Glutamic Acid as a
Building Block 481 17.4 Economic Outlook 487 17.5 Future Prospects 489 List
of Abbreviations 489 References 489 18 Recent Advances for Microbial
Production of Xylitol 497 Yong-Cheol Park, Sun-Ki Kim, and Jin-Ho Seo 18.1
Introduction 498 18.2 General Principles for Biological Production of
Xylitol 498 18.3 Microbial Production of Xylitol 501 18.4 Xylitol
Production by Genetically Engineered Microorganisms 508 18.5 Economic
Outlook 514 18.6 Future Prospects 515 Acknowledgments 515 Nomenclature 515
References 516 19 First and Second Generation Production of Bio-Adipic Acid
519 Jozef Bernhard Johann Henry van Duuren and Christoph Wittmann 19.1
Introduction 520 19.2 Production of Bio-Adipic Acid 523 19.3 Ecological
Footprint of Bio-Adipic Acid 530 19.4 Economic Outlook 535 19.5 Future
Prospects 536 References 538 INDEX 541
Biorefineries--Concepts for Sustainability 3 Michael Sauer, Matthias
Steiger, Diethard Mattanovich, and Hans Marx 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Three
Levels for Biomass Use 5 1.3 The Sustainable Removal of Biomass from the
Field is Crucial for a Successful Biorefinery 7 1.4 Making Order:
Classification of Biorefineries 8 1.5 Quantities of Sustainably Available
Biomass 10 1.6 Quantification of Sustainability 11 1.7 Starch- and
Sugar-Based Biorefinery 12 1.8 Oilseed Crops 14 1.9 Lignocellulosic
Feedstock 16 1.10 Green Biorefinery 19 1.11 Microalgae 20 1.12 Future
Prospects--Aiming for Higher Value from Biomass 21 References 24 2 Biomass
Logistics 29 Kevin L. Kenney, J. Richard Hess, Nathan A. Stevens, William
A. Smith, Ian J. Bonner, and David J. Muth 2.1 Introduction 30 2.2 Method
of Assessing Uncertainty, Sensitivity, and Influence of Feedstock Logistic
System Parameters 31 2.3 Understanding Uncertainty in the Context of
Feedstock Logistics 36 2.4 Future Prospects 40 2.5 Financial
Disclosure/Acknowledgments 40 References 41 3 Pretreatment of
Lignocellulosic Materials 43 Karthik Rajendran and Mohammad J. Taherzadeh
3.1 Introduction 44 3.2 Complexity of Lignocelluloses 45 3.3 Challenges in
Pretreatment of Lignocelluloses 52 3.4 Pretreatment Methods and Mechanisms
53 3.5 Economic Outlook 64 3.6 Future Prospects 67 References 68 4
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass 77 Jonathan J. Stickel,
Roman Brunecky, Richard T. Elander, and James D. McMillan 4.1 Introduction
78 4.2 Cellulase, Hemicellulase, and Accessory Enzyme Systems and Their
Synergistic Action on Lignocellulosic Biomass 79 4.3 Enzymatic Hydrolysis
at High Concentrations of Biomass Solids 83 4.4 Mechanistic Process
Modeling and Simulation 88 4.5 Considerations for Process Integration and
Economic Viability 91 4.6 Economic Outlook 95 4.7 Future Prospects 96
Acknowledgments 97 References 97 5 Production of Cellulolytic Enzymes 105
Ranjita Biswas, Abhishek Persad, and Virendra S. Bisaria 5.1 Introduction
106 5.2 Hydrolytic Enzymes for Digestion of Lignocelluloses 107 5.3
Desirable Attributes of Cellulase for Hydrolysis of Cellulose 109 5.4
Strategies Used for Enhanced Enzyme Production 110 5.5 Economic Outlook 123
5.6 Future Prospects 123 References 124 6 Bioprocessing Technologies 133
Gopal Chotani, Caroline Peres, Alexandra Schuler, and Peyman Moslemy 6.1
Introduction 134 6.2 Cell Factory Platform 136 6.3 Fermentation Process 142
6.4 Recovery Process 147 6.5 Formulation Process 153 6.6 Final Product
Blends 161 6.7 Economic Outlook and Future Prospects 162 Acknowledgment 163
Nomenclature 163 References 163 PART II SPECIFIC COMMODITY BIOPRODUCTS 7
Ethanol from Bacteria 169 Hideshi Yanase 7.1 Introduction 170 7.2
Heteroethanologenic Bacteria 172 7.3 Homoethanologenic Bacteria 183 7.4
Economic Outlook 191 7.5 Future Prospects 192 References 193 8 Ethanol
Production from Yeasts 201 Tomohisa Hasunuma, Ryosuke Yamada, and Akihiko
Kondo 8.1 Introduction 202 8.2 Ethanol Production from Starchy Biomass 205
8.3 Ethanol Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass 208 8.4 Economic
Outlook 218 8.5 Future Prospects 220 References 220 9 Fermentative
Biobutanol Production: An Old Topic with Remarkable Recent Advances 227 Yi
Wang, Holger Janssen and Hans P. Blaschek 9.1 Introduction 228 9.2 Butanol
as a Fuel and Chemical Feedstock 229 9.3 History of ABE Fermentation 230
9.4 Physiology of Clostridial ABE Fermentation 232 9.5 Abe Fermentation
Processes, Butanol Toxicity, and Product Recovery 236 9.6 Metabolic
Engineering and "Omics"--Analyses of Solventogenic Clostridia 239 9.7
Economic Outlook 246 9.8 Current Status and Future Prospects 247 References
251 10 Bio-based Butanediols Production: The Contributions of Catalysis,
Metabolic Engineering, and Synthetic Biology 261 Xiao-Jun Ji and He Huang
10.1 Introduction 262 10.2 Bio-Based 2,3-Butanediol 264 10.3 Bio-Based
1,4-Butanediol 276 10.4 Economic Outlook 279 10.5 Future Prospects 280
Acknowledgments 280 References 280 11 1,3-Propanediol 289 Yaqin Sun,
Chengwei Ma, Hongxin Fu, Ying Mu, and Zhilong Xiu 11.1 Introduction 290
11.2 Bioconversion of Glucose into 1,3-Propanediol 291 11.3 Bioconversion
of Glycerol into 1,3-Propanediol 292 11.4 Metabolic Engineering 302 11.5
Down-Processing of 1,3-Propanediol 308 11.6 Integrated Processes 311 11.7
Economic Outlook 314 11.8 Future Prospects 315 Acknowledgments 316 A List
of Abbreviations 316 References 317 12 Isobutanol 327 Bernhard J. Eikmanns
and Bastian Blombach 12.1 Introduction 328 12.2 The Access Code for the
Microbial Production of Branched-Chain Alcohols: 2-Ketoacid Decarboxylase
and an Alcohol Dehydrogenase 329 12.3 Metabolic Engineering Strategies for
Directed Production of Isobutanol 331 12.4 Overcoming Isobutanol
Cytotoxicity 341 12.5 Process Development for the Production of Isobutanol
343 12.6 Economic Outlook 345 12.7 Future Prospects 346 Abbreviations 347
Nomenclature 347 References 349 13 Lactic Acid 353 Kenji Okano, Tsutomu
Tanaka, and Akihiko Kondo 13.1 History of Lactic Acid 354 13.2 Applications
of Lactic Acid 354 13.3 Poly Lactic Acid 354 13.4 Conventional Lactic Acid
Production 356 13.5 Lactic Acid Production From Renewable Resources 357
13.6 Economic Outlook 373 13.7 Future Prospects 374 Nomenclature 374
References 375 14 Microbial Production of 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid From
Renewable Sources: A Green Approach as an Alternative to Conventional
Chemistry 381 Vinod Kumar, Somasundar Ashok, and Sunghoon Park 14.1
Introduction 382 14.2 Natural Microbial Production of 3-HP 383 14.3
Production of 3-HP from Glucose by Recombinant Microorganisms 385 14.4
Production of 3-HP from Glycerol by Recombinant Microorganisms 388 14.5
Major Challenges for Microbial Production of 3-HP 396 14.6 Economic Outlook
400 14.7 Future Prospects 401 Acknowledgment 401 List of Abbreviations 402
References 402 15 Fumaric Acid Biosynthesis and Accumulation 409 Israel
Goldberg and J. Stefan Rokem 15.1 Introduction 410 15.2 Microbial Synthesis
of Fumaric Acid 412 15.3 A Plausible Biochemical Mechanism for Fumaric Acid
Biosynthesis and Accumulation in Rhizopus 417 15.4 Toward Engineering
Rhizopus for Fumaric Acid Production 422 15.5 Economic Outlook 424 15.6
Future Perspectives 427 Acknowledgment 429 References 430 16 Succinic Acid
435 Boris Litsanov, Melanie Brocker, Marco Oldiges, and Michael Bott 16.1
Succinate as an Important Platform Chemical for a Sustainable Bio-Based
Chemistry 436 16.2 Microorganisms for Bio-Succinate Production--Physiology,
Metabolic Routes, and Strain Development 437 16.3 Neutral Versus Acidic
Conditions for Product Formation 455 16.4 Downstream Processing 456 16.5
Companies Involved in Bio-Succinic Acid Manufacturing 458 16.6 Future
Prospects and Economic Outlook 462 References 463 17 Glutamic Acid 473
Takashi Hirasawa and Hiroshi Shimizu 17.1 Introduction 474 17.2 Glutamic
Acid Production by Corynebacterium Glutamicum 475 17.3 Glutamic Acid as a
Building Block 481 17.4 Economic Outlook 487 17.5 Future Prospects 489 List
of Abbreviations 489 References 489 18 Recent Advances for Microbial
Production of Xylitol 497 Yong-Cheol Park, Sun-Ki Kim, and Jin-Ho Seo 18.1
Introduction 498 18.2 General Principles for Biological Production of
Xylitol 498 18.3 Microbial Production of Xylitol 501 18.4 Xylitol
Production by Genetically Engineered Microorganisms 508 18.5 Economic
Outlook 514 18.6 Future Prospects 515 Acknowledgments 515 Nomenclature 515
References 516 19 First and Second Generation Production of Bio-Adipic Acid
519 Jozef Bernhard Johann Henry van Duuren and Christoph Wittmann 19.1
Introduction 520 19.2 Production of Bio-Adipic Acid 523 19.3 Ecological
Footprint of Bio-Adipic Acid 530 19.4 Economic Outlook 535 19.5 Future
Prospects 536 References 538 INDEX 541