Bioceramics in Endodontics (eBook, PDF)
Redaktion: Chopra, Viresh
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Bioceramics in Endodontics Practical reference book in the emerging field of endodontics, focusing on overall makeup of dental bioceramics and relevant clinical situations in endodontics where various forms of bioceramics has been used to treat teeth successfully. Bioceramics in Endodontics is a highly unique resource that blends together detailed information on the physico-chemical and biological properties of bioceramics with their clinical application in endodontics, exploring history and chemistry, mechanical properties, advantages of bioceramics over other materials, and clinical cases…mehr
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- Produktdetails
- Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
- Seitenzahl: 336
- Erscheinungstermin: 8. Februar 2024
- Englisch
- ISBN-13: 9781119898450
- Artikelnr.: 69998625
- Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
- Seitenzahl: 336
- Erscheinungstermin: 8. Februar 2024
- Englisch
- ISBN-13: 9781119898450
- Artikelnr.: 69998625
Foreword by Stephen Cohen xxi Preface xxiii Acknowledgments xxv About the
Companion Website xxvii 1 Bioceramics in Dentistry 1 Vineeta Nikhil, Sachin
Gupta, Shikha Jaiswal, and Padmanabh Jha 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 History and
Evolution of Bioceramics 3 1.3 Classification of Bioceramics 4 1.3.1 Based
on Generations 4 1.3.2 Based on Tissue Interaction 5 1.3.3 Based on
Structure 5 1.3.4 Based on Composition 6 1.3.5 Based on Resorbability 6
1.3.6 Based on Their Location-Specific Use in Endodontology 7 1.4 Forms of
Bioceramics 7 1.4.1 Alumina 7 1.4.2 Zirconia 7 1.4.3 Hydroxyapatite (HA) 8
1.4.4 Calcium Phosphate 8 1.4.5 Mineral Trioxide Aggregate 8 1.4.6
Biodentine 9 1.5 Physicochemical Properties of Bioceramics 9 1.5.1 Portland
Cement 9 1.5.2 ProRoot MTA 10 1.5.3 MTA Angelus 12 1.5.4 Biodentine 12
1.5.5 BioAggregate 14 1.5.6 Ceramicrete 14 1.5.7 Calcium-Enriched Mixture
Cement 15 1.5.7.1 Physical Properties 15 1.5.7.2 Antibacterial Activity 16
1.5.7.3 Sealing Ability 16 1.5.8 EndoSequence Root Repair Material 16
1.5.8.1 Setting and Working Time 16 1.5.8.2 pH Value 16 1.5.8.3
Microhardness 17 1.5.8.4 Bioactivity 17 1.5.8.5 Sealing Ability 17 1.5.8.6
Antibacterial Activity 17 1.5.9 iROOT 17 1.5.9.1 Physical Properties 18
1.5.10 Endo-CPM 18 1.5.10.1 Physical Properties 18 1.6 Physicochemical
Properties of Some Bioinert Bioceramics 20 1.6.1 Alumina (High Purity Dense
Alumina/Al2O3) 20 1.6.2 Zirconia 20 1.7 Biological Properties of
Bioceramics 21 1.7.1 Cytological Investigation of Biocompatibility 21 1.7.2
Subcutaneous and Intraosseous Implantation 23 1.7.3 Periradicular Tissue
Reactions 23 1.7.4 Pulpal Reactions 24 1.7.5 Antibacterial Properties 26
1.8 Application of Bioceramics in Dentistry 26 1.9 Advantages of
Bioceramics 28 1.9.1 Regenerative Endodontic Therapy 29 1.9.2 Advantages of
BCs When Used as a Sealer/Obturating Material 29 1.10 Limitations 30 1.11
Future Trends 30 1.12 Conclusion 32 References 32 2 Calcium Silicate-Based
Dental Bioceramics: History, Status, and Future 43 Abubaker Qutieshat,
Shahab Javanmardi, and Gurdeep Singh 2.1 Introduction 44 2.2 Bioceramics:
The What and the Why 45 2.3 Endodontic Repair Materials with Ideal
Properties 45 2.4 Calcium Silicate-based Materials: A Look Back in History
45 2.5 Chemical Properties 48 2.5.1 Heavy Metal Contamination 52 2.5.2
Setting Reaction 53 2.6 Synthetic Calcium Silicates 55 2.6.1 Biodentine 55
2.6.2 BioAggregate 55 2.6.3 EndoSequence 56 2.6.4 iRoot BP Plus 56 2.6.5
NeoMTA Plus 57 2.6.6 BioRoot RCS 57 2.7 Technical Report 57 2.7.1 Methods
57 2.7.1.1 Flame Emission Spectroscopy 58 2.7.1.2 X-ray Diffraction 59
2.7.2 Results 60 2.8 Recommendations for Implementation 61 2.9 Conclusion
64 References 64 3 Bioceramics in Clinical Endodontics 71 Ayfer Atav,
Burçin Ar1can, and Keziban Olcay 3.1 Introduction 72 3.2 Classification of
Hydraulic Cements in Endodontics 73 3.2.1 Type 1 Hydraulic Cements 73
3.2.1.1 ProRoot MTA 73 3.2.2 Type 2 Hydraulic Cements 75 3.2.2.1 MTA
Angelus 76 3.2.2.2 MTA Bio 77 3.2.2.3 MM-MTA(TM) 77 3.2.3 Type 3 Hydraulic
Cements 78 3.2.3.1 EndoSeal MTA 78 3.2.3.2 MTA Fillapex 78 3.2.3.3 TheraCal
LC 79 3.2.3.4 TheraCal PT 80 3.2.4 Type 4 Hydraulic Cements 80 3.2.4.1
BioAggregate 81 3.2.4.2 Biodentine(TM) 82 3.2.4.3 BioRoot RCS 83 3.2.4.4
MTA BIOREP 84 3.2.4.5 Bio-C Pulpo 84 3.2.4.6 MTA Repair HP 85 3.3
Conclusion 93 References 93 4 Bioceramics: Root-End Filling Material 105
Sanjay Miglani, Swadheena Patro, Ankita Mohanty, and Antarikshya Das 4.1
Introduction 106 4.2 Microsurgical Endodontics 106 4.3 History 107 4.4
Properties of Root-End Filling Material 108 4.5 Bioceramic Materials 108
4.5.1 Mineral Trioxide Aggregate 108 4.5.2 Bioaggregate 111 4.5.3
Biodentine 112 4.5.4 iRoot BP Plus Bioceramic Putty 112 4.5.5 Capasio 112
4.5.6 Calcium-Enriched Material 113 4.5.7 EndoSequence 114 4.5.8 EndoBinder
115 4.5.9 Generex A 116 4.5.10 Quick-Set 117 4.5.11 Ceramicrete-D 118
4.5.12 Bioglass 119 4.6 Conclusion 121 References 121 5 Bioceramics as an
Apical Plug 129 Riccardo Tonini and Marilu' Garo 5.1 Apical Plug 129 5.2
MTA Apical Plug Outcome 131 5.3 Other Apical Plug Materials 132 5.4 Apical
Plug Technique 133 5.4.1 In the First Session 133 5.4.2 In the Second
Session 133 5.4.3 Extra-Apical Resorbable Barriers 135 5.4.4 Apical
Sounding Technique Procedure 137 5.5 Complex Clinical Cases 141 References
147 6 Regeneration in Endodontics with Clinical Cases 153 Abhishek Parolia,
Maya Feghali, and Catherine Ricci 6.1 Introduction 153 6.2 Factors
Affecting the Clinical Outcome of REP 155 6.2.1 Etiology 155 6.2.2 Type of
the Tooth 155 6.2.3 Induction of Bleeding and Blood Clot 156 6.2.4
Disinfection of the Root Canal System 156 6.2.5 Coronal Barrier 157 6.3
Materials used for REP 157 6.4 Key Points to Remember While Performing REPs
159 References 164 7 Management of Deep Caries with Bioceramics 169 Antonis
Chaniotis and Viresh Chopra 7.1 Introduction 169 7.2 Patient Information
170 7.2.1 Tooth 170 7.3 Treatment Plan 170 7.4 Learning Objectives 172
References 172 8 Regenerative Management of an Infected Pulp of a Permanent
Tooth Using Bioceramics 173 Antonis Chaniotis and Viresh Chopra 8.1
Introduction 173 8.2 Patient Information 174 8.2.1 Tooth 174 8.3.1 First
Visit 175 8.3.2 Second Visit 176 8.3.3 Recall 177 8.4 Learning Objectives
177 References 177 9 Endodontic Management of a Necrosed Pulp with Wide
Open Apex 179 Antonis Chaniotis and Viresh Chopra 9.1 Introduction 179 9.2
Patient Information 180 9.2.1 Tooth 180 9.3 Treatment Plan 180 9.4
Technical Aspects 181 9.4.1 First Visit 181 9.4.2 Second Visit 182 9.5
Learning Objectives 183 References 184 10 Clinical Application of
Bioceramics as Direct Pulp Capping Material 185 Antonis Chaniotis and
Viresh Chopra 10.1 Introduction 185 10.2 Patient Information 186 10.2.1
Tooth 186 10.3 Treatment Plan 187 10.4 Technical Aspects 188 10.5 Learning
Objectives 188 References 188 11 Sealer-Based Obturations Using Bioceramics
in Nonsurgical Root Canal Treatments 189 Garima Poddar, Ajay Bajaj, and
Viresh Chopra 11.1 Introduction 190 11.2 Case 1 192 11.2.1 Patient
Information 192 11.2.2 Details of the Tooth 192 11.2.3 Radiographic
Evaluation of Tooth Number 35 Revealed the Following 193 11.2.4 Diagnosis
193 11.3 Treatment Plan 193 11.4 Treatment Done 194 11.4.1 Instrumentation
Protocol 194 11.4.2 Irrigation Protocol 194 11.4.3 Obturation Protocol 195
11.4.4 Post Endodontic Restoration 196 11.4.5 Rationale on the Treatment
Protocol and the Material Used 196 11.5 Learning Objectives for the Readers
196 11.6 Case 2 196 11.6.1 Patient Information 196 11.6.2 Details of the
Tooth 197 11.6.2.1 Clinical Examination Findings 197 11.6.2.2 Preoperative
Radiological Assessment 197 11.6.3 Diagnosis 198 11.7 Treatment Plan 200
11.8 Treatment Done 202 11.8.1 Instrumentation Protocol 202 11.8.2
Irrigation Protocol 203 11.8.3 Obturation Protocol 204 11.8.4 Post
Endodontic Phase 205 11.8.5 Rationale on the Treatment Protocol and the
Material Used 206 11.9 Learning Objectives for the Readers 206 11.10 Case 3
206 11.10.1 Patient Information 206 11.10.2 Details of the Tooth 206
11.10.3 Preoperative Radiological Assessment 207 11.10.4 Diagnosis 207
11.11 Treatment plan 207 11.12 Treatment Done 207 11.12.1 Instrumentation
Protocol 207 11.12.2 Irrigation Protocol 208 11.12.3 Obturation Protocol
209 11.12.4 Post Endo Restorative Phase 211 11.12.5 Rationale on the
Treatment Protocol and the Material Used 211 11.13 Learning Objectives for
the Readers 211 11.14 Discussion 211 References 212 12 BioConeless
Obturation 215 Francesca Cerutti and Calogero Bugea 12.1 Introduction 215
12.2 Why BioConeless? 217 12.2.1 BioConeless: Indications 221 12.2.2
BioConeless: How to Do It? 224 12.2.3 Concerns Regarding the Complete
Filling of the Root Canal with the Coneless and BioConeless Techniques 231
12.2.4 Concerns Regarding the Consistency of the Obturation 234 12.2.4.1
Time Required to Complete the Obturation 234 12.3 Final Remarks 234 12.4
Learning Objectives 235 References 235 13 Primary Endodontic Treatment
using ProTaper Ultimate and AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer 239 Viresh Chopra and
Harneet Chopra 13.1 Introduction of the Case 239 13.1.1 Patient Information
239 13.1.2 Tooth 240 13.2 Treatment Procedure for the First Appointment 241
13.3 Treatment Procedure for the Second Appointment 242 13.3.1 Irrigation
Protocol 244 13.4 Technical Aspects 244 13.4.1 Follow up 244 13.5 Learning
Objectives 244 14 Management of Failed Root Canal Treatment in an Anterior
Tooth Using Calcium Silicate Cement 247 Viresh Chopra and Ajinkya Pawar
14.1 Introduction of the Case 247 14.1.1 Patient Information 248 14.1.2
Diagnosis (Pulpal and Periapical) 249 14.1.2.1 Advice 249 14.2 Treatment
Plan 249 14.2.1 Treatment Procedure for the First Appointment 249 14.2.2
Treatment Procedure for the Second Appointment 250 14.2.3 Irrigation
Protocol 252 14.2.3.1 Materials Used for Obturation 252 14.3 Technical
Aspects 252 14.3.1 Follow-up 253 14.4 Learning Objectives 253 15
Apexification of a Traumatic Central Incisor with an Apical Plug Technique
using Calcium Silicate Cement 255 Viresh Chopra, Harneet Chopra, and Aylin
Baysan 15.1 Introduction of the Case 256 15.1.1 Patient Information 256
15.1.2 Tooth Information 256 15.1.2.1 Identification 256 15.1.2.2 Dental
History 256 15.1.2.3 Clinical Examination Findings 256 15.1.2.4 Diagnosis
(Pulpal and Periapical) 256 15.1.2.5 Advice 256 15.2 Treatment Plan 256
15.2.1 Treatment Procedure for the First Appointment 257 15.2.2 Treatment
Procedure for the Second Appointment 258 15.2.3 Treatment Procedure for the
Third Appointment 258 15.2.3.1 Irrigation Protocol 259 15.3 Technical
Aspects 259 15.3.1 Follow-up 261 15.4 Learning Objectives 261 15.5
Conclusion 261 16 Coneless Obturations: Bioceramics as Obturating Materials
263 Viresh Chopra and Maryam Hasnain 16.1 Introduction 264 16.2
Introduction of the Case 264 16.2.1 Patient Information 264 16.2.2 Tooth
Information 265 16.2.2.1 Identification 265 16.2.2.2 Dental History 265
16.2.2.3 Diagnosis (Pulpal and Periapical) 266 16.2.2.4 Advice 266 16.3
Treatment Plan 266 16.3.1 Treatment Procedure for the First Appointment 266
16.3.2 Treatment Procedure for the Second Appointment 268 16.3.2.1
Irrigation Protocol 269 16.4 Technical Aspects 269 16.5 Learning Objectives
270 16.6 Conclusion 271 References 271 17 Selective Management of a Case
With Complicated Internal Morphology 273 Gergely Benyo"cs and Viresh Chopra
17.1 Introduction of the Case 273 17.1.1 Patient Information 274 17.1.2
Tooth Information 274 17.1.2.1 Identification 274 17.1.2.2 Dental History
274 17.1.2.3 Investigations 274 17.1.2.4 Diagnosis (Pulpal and Periapical)
276 17.1.2.5 Advice 276 17.2 Treatment Plan 276 17.2.1 Treatment Procedure
for the First Appointment 276 17.2.2 Treatment Procedure for the Second
Appointment 277 17.2.2.1 Irrigation Protocol 277 17.3 Technical Aspects 279
17.4 Learning Objectives 279 17.5 Conclusion 280 18 Retreatment of a
Maxillary Molar With Complex Internal Morphology 281 Gergely Benyo"cs and
Viresh Chopra 18.1 Introduction of the Case 282 18.2 Patient Information
282 18.2.1 Tooth Information 282 18.2.1.1 Identification 282 18.2.1.2
Dental History 282 18.2.1.3 Investigations 282 18.2.1.4 Diagnosis (Pulpal
and Periapical) 282 18.2.1.5 Advice 282 18.3 Treatment Plan 282 18.3.1
Treatment Procedure for the First Appointment 283 18.3.2 Treatment
Procedure for the Second Appointment 284 18.3.2.1 Irrigation Protocol 285
18.4 Technical Aspects 287 18.5 Learning Objectives 288 18.6 Conclusion 288
Index 289
Foreword by Stephen Cohen xxi Preface xxiii Acknowledgments xxv About the
Companion Website xxvii 1 Bioceramics in Dentistry 1 Vineeta Nikhil, Sachin
Gupta, Shikha Jaiswal, and Padmanabh Jha 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 History and
Evolution of Bioceramics 3 1.3 Classification of Bioceramics 4 1.3.1 Based
on Generations 4 1.3.2 Based on Tissue Interaction 5 1.3.3 Based on
Structure 5 1.3.4 Based on Composition 6 1.3.5 Based on Resorbability 6
1.3.6 Based on Their Location-Specific Use in Endodontology 7 1.4 Forms of
Bioceramics 7 1.4.1 Alumina 7 1.4.2 Zirconia 7 1.4.3 Hydroxyapatite (HA) 8
1.4.4 Calcium Phosphate 8 1.4.5 Mineral Trioxide Aggregate 8 1.4.6
Biodentine 9 1.5 Physicochemical Properties of Bioceramics 9 1.5.1 Portland
Cement 9 1.5.2 ProRoot MTA 10 1.5.3 MTA Angelus 12 1.5.4 Biodentine 12
1.5.5 BioAggregate 14 1.5.6 Ceramicrete 14 1.5.7 Calcium-Enriched Mixture
Cement 15 1.5.7.1 Physical Properties 15 1.5.7.2 Antibacterial Activity 16
1.5.7.3 Sealing Ability 16 1.5.8 EndoSequence Root Repair Material 16
1.5.8.1 Setting and Working Time 16 1.5.8.2 pH Value 16 1.5.8.3
Microhardness 17 1.5.8.4 Bioactivity 17 1.5.8.5 Sealing Ability 17 1.5.8.6
Antibacterial Activity 17 1.5.9 iROOT 17 1.5.9.1 Physical Properties 18
1.5.10 Endo-CPM 18 1.5.10.1 Physical Properties 18 1.6 Physicochemical
Properties of Some Bioinert Bioceramics 20 1.6.1 Alumina (High Purity Dense
Alumina/Al2O3) 20 1.6.2 Zirconia 20 1.7 Biological Properties of
Bioceramics 21 1.7.1 Cytological Investigation of Biocompatibility 21 1.7.2
Subcutaneous and Intraosseous Implantation 23 1.7.3 Periradicular Tissue
Reactions 23 1.7.4 Pulpal Reactions 24 1.7.5 Antibacterial Properties 26
1.8 Application of Bioceramics in Dentistry 26 1.9 Advantages of
Bioceramics 28 1.9.1 Regenerative Endodontic Therapy 29 1.9.2 Advantages of
BCs When Used as a Sealer/Obturating Material 29 1.10 Limitations 30 1.11
Future Trends 30 1.12 Conclusion 32 References 32 2 Calcium Silicate-Based
Dental Bioceramics: History, Status, and Future 43 Abubaker Qutieshat,
Shahab Javanmardi, and Gurdeep Singh 2.1 Introduction 44 2.2 Bioceramics:
The What and the Why 45 2.3 Endodontic Repair Materials with Ideal
Properties 45 2.4 Calcium Silicate-based Materials: A Look Back in History
45 2.5 Chemical Properties 48 2.5.1 Heavy Metal Contamination 52 2.5.2
Setting Reaction 53 2.6 Synthetic Calcium Silicates 55 2.6.1 Biodentine 55
2.6.2 BioAggregate 55 2.6.3 EndoSequence 56 2.6.4 iRoot BP Plus 56 2.6.5
NeoMTA Plus 57 2.6.6 BioRoot RCS 57 2.7 Technical Report 57 2.7.1 Methods
57 2.7.1.1 Flame Emission Spectroscopy 58 2.7.1.2 X-ray Diffraction 59
2.7.2 Results 60 2.8 Recommendations for Implementation 61 2.9 Conclusion
64 References 64 3 Bioceramics in Clinical Endodontics 71 Ayfer Atav,
Burçin Ar1can, and Keziban Olcay 3.1 Introduction 72 3.2 Classification of
Hydraulic Cements in Endodontics 73 3.2.1 Type 1 Hydraulic Cements 73
3.2.1.1 ProRoot MTA 73 3.2.2 Type 2 Hydraulic Cements 75 3.2.2.1 MTA
Angelus 76 3.2.2.2 MTA Bio 77 3.2.2.3 MM-MTA(TM) 77 3.2.3 Type 3 Hydraulic
Cements 78 3.2.3.1 EndoSeal MTA 78 3.2.3.2 MTA Fillapex 78 3.2.3.3 TheraCal
LC 79 3.2.3.4 TheraCal PT 80 3.2.4 Type 4 Hydraulic Cements 80 3.2.4.1
BioAggregate 81 3.2.4.2 Biodentine(TM) 82 3.2.4.3 BioRoot RCS 83 3.2.4.4
MTA BIOREP 84 3.2.4.5 Bio-C Pulpo 84 3.2.4.6 MTA Repair HP 85 3.3
Conclusion 93 References 93 4 Bioceramics: Root-End Filling Material 105
Sanjay Miglani, Swadheena Patro, Ankita Mohanty, and Antarikshya Das 4.1
Introduction 106 4.2 Microsurgical Endodontics 106 4.3 History 107 4.4
Properties of Root-End Filling Material 108 4.5 Bioceramic Materials 108
4.5.1 Mineral Trioxide Aggregate 108 4.5.2 Bioaggregate 111 4.5.3
Biodentine 112 4.5.4 iRoot BP Plus Bioceramic Putty 112 4.5.5 Capasio 112
4.5.6 Calcium-Enriched Material 113 4.5.7 EndoSequence 114 4.5.8 EndoBinder
115 4.5.9 Generex A 116 4.5.10 Quick-Set 117 4.5.11 Ceramicrete-D 118
4.5.12 Bioglass 119 4.6 Conclusion 121 References 121 5 Bioceramics as an
Apical Plug 129 Riccardo Tonini and Marilu' Garo 5.1 Apical Plug 129 5.2
MTA Apical Plug Outcome 131 5.3 Other Apical Plug Materials 132 5.4 Apical
Plug Technique 133 5.4.1 In the First Session 133 5.4.2 In the Second
Session 133 5.4.3 Extra-Apical Resorbable Barriers 135 5.4.4 Apical
Sounding Technique Procedure 137 5.5 Complex Clinical Cases 141 References
147 6 Regeneration in Endodontics with Clinical Cases 153 Abhishek Parolia,
Maya Feghali, and Catherine Ricci 6.1 Introduction 153 6.2 Factors
Affecting the Clinical Outcome of REP 155 6.2.1 Etiology 155 6.2.2 Type of
the Tooth 155 6.2.3 Induction of Bleeding and Blood Clot 156 6.2.4
Disinfection of the Root Canal System 156 6.2.5 Coronal Barrier 157 6.3
Materials used for REP 157 6.4 Key Points to Remember While Performing REPs
159 References 164 7 Management of Deep Caries with Bioceramics 169 Antonis
Chaniotis and Viresh Chopra 7.1 Introduction 169 7.2 Patient Information
170 7.2.1 Tooth 170 7.3 Treatment Plan 170 7.4 Learning Objectives 172
References 172 8 Regenerative Management of an Infected Pulp of a Permanent
Tooth Using Bioceramics 173 Antonis Chaniotis and Viresh Chopra 8.1
Introduction 173 8.2 Patient Information 174 8.2.1 Tooth 174 8.3.1 First
Visit 175 8.3.2 Second Visit 176 8.3.3 Recall 177 8.4 Learning Objectives
177 References 177 9 Endodontic Management of a Necrosed Pulp with Wide
Open Apex 179 Antonis Chaniotis and Viresh Chopra 9.1 Introduction 179 9.2
Patient Information 180 9.2.1 Tooth 180 9.3 Treatment Plan 180 9.4
Technical Aspects 181 9.4.1 First Visit 181 9.4.2 Second Visit 182 9.5
Learning Objectives 183 References 184 10 Clinical Application of
Bioceramics as Direct Pulp Capping Material 185 Antonis Chaniotis and
Viresh Chopra 10.1 Introduction 185 10.2 Patient Information 186 10.2.1
Tooth 186 10.3 Treatment Plan 187 10.4 Technical Aspects 188 10.5 Learning
Objectives 188 References 188 11 Sealer-Based Obturations Using Bioceramics
in Nonsurgical Root Canal Treatments 189 Garima Poddar, Ajay Bajaj, and
Viresh Chopra 11.1 Introduction 190 11.2 Case 1 192 11.2.1 Patient
Information 192 11.2.2 Details of the Tooth 192 11.2.3 Radiographic
Evaluation of Tooth Number 35 Revealed the Following 193 11.2.4 Diagnosis
193 11.3 Treatment Plan 193 11.4 Treatment Done 194 11.4.1 Instrumentation
Protocol 194 11.4.2 Irrigation Protocol 194 11.4.3 Obturation Protocol 195
11.4.4 Post Endodontic Restoration 196 11.4.5 Rationale on the Treatment
Protocol and the Material Used 196 11.5 Learning Objectives for the Readers
196 11.6 Case 2 196 11.6.1 Patient Information 196 11.6.2 Details of the
Tooth 197 11.6.2.1 Clinical Examination Findings 197 11.6.2.2 Preoperative
Radiological Assessment 197 11.6.3 Diagnosis 198 11.7 Treatment Plan 200
11.8 Treatment Done 202 11.8.1 Instrumentation Protocol 202 11.8.2
Irrigation Protocol 203 11.8.3 Obturation Protocol 204 11.8.4 Post
Endodontic Phase 205 11.8.5 Rationale on the Treatment Protocol and the
Material Used 206 11.9 Learning Objectives for the Readers 206 11.10 Case 3
206 11.10.1 Patient Information 206 11.10.2 Details of the Tooth 206
11.10.3 Preoperative Radiological Assessment 207 11.10.4 Diagnosis 207
11.11 Treatment plan 207 11.12 Treatment Done 207 11.12.1 Instrumentation
Protocol 207 11.12.2 Irrigation Protocol 208 11.12.3 Obturation Protocol
209 11.12.4 Post Endo Restorative Phase 211 11.12.5 Rationale on the
Treatment Protocol and the Material Used 211 11.13 Learning Objectives for
the Readers 211 11.14 Discussion 211 References 212 12 BioConeless
Obturation 215 Francesca Cerutti and Calogero Bugea 12.1 Introduction 215
12.2 Why BioConeless? 217 12.2.1 BioConeless: Indications 221 12.2.2
BioConeless: How to Do It? 224 12.2.3 Concerns Regarding the Complete
Filling of the Root Canal with the Coneless and BioConeless Techniques 231
12.2.4 Concerns Regarding the Consistency of the Obturation 234 12.2.4.1
Time Required to Complete the Obturation 234 12.3 Final Remarks 234 12.4
Learning Objectives 235 References 235 13 Primary Endodontic Treatment
using ProTaper Ultimate and AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer 239 Viresh Chopra and
Harneet Chopra 13.1 Introduction of the Case 239 13.1.1 Patient Information
239 13.1.2 Tooth 240 13.2 Treatment Procedure for the First Appointment 241
13.3 Treatment Procedure for the Second Appointment 242 13.3.1 Irrigation
Protocol 244 13.4 Technical Aspects 244 13.4.1 Follow up 244 13.5 Learning
Objectives 244 14 Management of Failed Root Canal Treatment in an Anterior
Tooth Using Calcium Silicate Cement 247 Viresh Chopra and Ajinkya Pawar
14.1 Introduction of the Case 247 14.1.1 Patient Information 248 14.1.2
Diagnosis (Pulpal and Periapical) 249 14.1.2.1 Advice 249 14.2 Treatment
Plan 249 14.2.1 Treatment Procedure for the First Appointment 249 14.2.2
Treatment Procedure for the Second Appointment 250 14.2.3 Irrigation
Protocol 252 14.2.3.1 Materials Used for Obturation 252 14.3 Technical
Aspects 252 14.3.1 Follow-up 253 14.4 Learning Objectives 253 15
Apexification of a Traumatic Central Incisor with an Apical Plug Technique
using Calcium Silicate Cement 255 Viresh Chopra, Harneet Chopra, and Aylin
Baysan 15.1 Introduction of the Case 256 15.1.1 Patient Information 256
15.1.2 Tooth Information 256 15.1.2.1 Identification 256 15.1.2.2 Dental
History 256 15.1.2.3 Clinical Examination Findings 256 15.1.2.4 Diagnosis
(Pulpal and Periapical) 256 15.1.2.5 Advice 256 15.2 Treatment Plan 256
15.2.1 Treatment Procedure for the First Appointment 257 15.2.2 Treatment
Procedure for the Second Appointment 258 15.2.3 Treatment Procedure for the
Third Appointment 258 15.2.3.1 Irrigation Protocol 259 15.3 Technical
Aspects 259 15.3.1 Follow-up 261 15.4 Learning Objectives 261 15.5
Conclusion 261 16 Coneless Obturations: Bioceramics as Obturating Materials
263 Viresh Chopra and Maryam Hasnain 16.1 Introduction 264 16.2
Introduction of the Case 264 16.2.1 Patient Information 264 16.2.2 Tooth
Information 265 16.2.2.1 Identification 265 16.2.2.2 Dental History 265
16.2.2.3 Diagnosis (Pulpal and Periapical) 266 16.2.2.4 Advice 266 16.3
Treatment Plan 266 16.3.1 Treatment Procedure for the First Appointment 266
16.3.2 Treatment Procedure for the Second Appointment 268 16.3.2.1
Irrigation Protocol 269 16.4 Technical Aspects 269 16.5 Learning Objectives
270 16.6 Conclusion 271 References 271 17 Selective Management of a Case
With Complicated Internal Morphology 273 Gergely Benyo"cs and Viresh Chopra
17.1 Introduction of the Case 273 17.1.1 Patient Information 274 17.1.2
Tooth Information 274 17.1.2.1 Identification 274 17.1.2.2 Dental History
274 17.1.2.3 Investigations 274 17.1.2.4 Diagnosis (Pulpal and Periapical)
276 17.1.2.5 Advice 276 17.2 Treatment Plan 276 17.2.1 Treatment Procedure
for the First Appointment 276 17.2.2 Treatment Procedure for the Second
Appointment 277 17.2.2.1 Irrigation Protocol 277 17.3 Technical Aspects 279
17.4 Learning Objectives 279 17.5 Conclusion 280 18 Retreatment of a
Maxillary Molar With Complex Internal Morphology 281 Gergely Benyo"cs and
Viresh Chopra 18.1 Introduction of the Case 282 18.2 Patient Information
282 18.2.1 Tooth Information 282 18.2.1.1 Identification 282 18.2.1.2
Dental History 282 18.2.1.3 Investigations 282 18.2.1.4 Diagnosis (Pulpal
and Periapical) 282 18.2.1.5 Advice 282 18.3 Treatment Plan 282 18.3.1
Treatment Procedure for the First Appointment 283 18.3.2 Treatment
Procedure for the Second Appointment 284 18.3.2.1 Irrigation Protocol 285
18.4 Technical Aspects 287 18.5 Learning Objectives 288 18.6 Conclusion 288
Index 289