Bio-Nanoparticles (eBook, PDF)

Biosynthesis and Sustainable Biotechnological Implications
Redaktion: Singh, Om V.

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

Nanoparticles are the building blocks for nanotechnology; they are better built, long lasting, cleaner, safer, and smarter products for use across industries, including communications, medicine, transportation, agriculture and other industries. Controlled size, shape, composition, crystallinity, and structure-dependent properties govern the unique properties of nanotechnology. Bio-Nanoparticles: Biosynthesis and Sustainable Biotechnological Implications explores both the basics of and advancements in nanoparticle biosynthesis. The text introduces the reader to a variety of microorganisms able to synthesize nanoparticles, provides an overview of the methodologies applied to biosynthesize nanoparticles for medical and commercial use, and gives an overview of regulations governing their use. Authored by leaders in the field, Bio-Nanoparticles: Biosynthesis and Sustainable Biotechnological Implications bridges the gap between biology and technology, and is an invaluable resource for students and researchers alike.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 384
• Erscheinungstermin: 30. März 2015
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781118677667
• Artikelnr.: 42653785

Autorenporträt

Om V. Singh, PhD, is an Associate Professor of Microbiology at the University of Pittsburgh, Bradford in Bradford, PA, USA.

Inhaltsangabe

List of Contributors xv Introduction xvii 1 Diversity of Microbes in
Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles: Progress and Limitations 1 Mahendra Rai,
Irena Maliszewska, Avinash Ingle, Indarchand Gupta, and Alka Yadav 1.1
Introduction 1 1.2 Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Bacteria 2 1.3 Synthesis
of Nanoparticles by Fungi 9 1.4 Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Algae 12 1.5
Applications of Metal Nanoparticles 16 1.5.1 Nanoparticles as Catalyst 16
1.5.2 Nanoparticles as Bio?]membranes 17 1.5.3 Nanoparticles in Cancer
Treatment 17 1.5.4 Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery 17 1.5.5 Nanoparticles
for Detection and Destruction of Pesticides 17 1.5.6 Nanoparticles in Water
Treatment 18 1.6 Limitations of Synthesis of Biogenic Nanoparticles 18
References 20 2 Role of Fungi Toward Synthesis of Nano?]Oxides 31 Rajesh
Ramanathan and Vipul Bansal 2.1 Introduction 31 2.2 Fungus?]mediated
Synthesis of Nanomaterials 34 2.2.1 Biosynthesis of Binary Nano?]oxides
using Chemical Precursors 34 2.2.2 Biosynthesis of Complex Mixed?]metal
Nano?]oxides using Chemical Precursors 39 2.2.3 Biosynthesis of
Nano?]oxides using Natural Precursors employing Bioleaching Approach 42
2.2.4 Biosynthesis of nano?]oxides employing bio?]milling approach 44 2.3
Outlook 46 References 47 3 Microbial Molecular Mechanisms in Biosynthesis
of Nanoparticles 53 Atmakuru Ramesh, Marimuthu Thiripura Sundari, and
Perumal Elumalai Thirugnanam 3.1 Introduction 53 3.2 Chemical Synthesis of
Metal Nanoparticles 54 3.2.1 Brust-Schiffrin Synthesis 55 3.3 Green
Synthesis 57 3.4 Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles 58 3.5 Mechanisms for
Formation or Synthesis of Nanoparticles 61 3.5.1 Biomineralization using
Magnetotactic Bacteria (MTB) 61 3.5.2 Reduction of Tellurite using
Phototroph Rhodobacter capsulatus 62 3.5.3 Formation of AgNPs using Lactic
Acid and Bacteria 62 3.5.4 Microfluidic Cellular Bioreactor for the
Generation of Nanoparticles 62 3.5.5 Proteins and Peptides in the Synthesis
of Nanoparticles 65 3.5.6 NADH?]dependent Reduction by Enzymes 65 3.5.7
Sulfate and Sulfite Reductase 66 3.5.8 Cyanobacteria 67 3.5.9 Cysteine
Desulfhydrase in Rhodopseudomonas palustris 68 3.5.10 Nitrate and Nitrite
reductase 68 3.6 E xtracellular Synthesis of Nanoparticles 69 3.6.1
Bacterial Excretions 69 3.6.2 Fungal Strains 71 3.6.3 Yeast:
Oxido?]reductase Mechanism 72 3.6.4 Plant Extracts 73 3.7 Conclusion 76
References 78 4 Biofilms in Bio?]Nanotechnology: Opportunities and
Challenges 83 Chun Kiat Ng, Anee Mohanty, and Bin Cao 4.1 Introduction 83
4.2 Microbial Synthesis of Nanomaterials 84 4.2.1 Overview 84 4.2.2
Significance of Biofilms in Biosynthesis of Nanomaterials 89 4.2.3
Synthesis of Nanomaterials using Biofilms 90 4.3 Interaction of Microbial
Biofilms with Nanomaterials 90 4.3.1 Nanomaterials as Anti?]biofilm Agents
90 4.3.2 Nanomaterials as a Tool in Biofilm Studies 92 4.4 Future
Perspectives 93 References 94 5 Extremophiles and Biosynthesis of
Nanoparticles: Current and Future Perspectives 101 Jingyi Zhang, Jetka
Wanner, and Om V. Singh 5.1 Introduction 101 5.2 Synthesis of Nanoparticles
104 5.2.1 Microorganisms: An Asset in Nanoparticle Biosynthesis 104 5.2.2 E
xtremophiles in Nanoparticle Biosynthesis 104 5.3 Mechanism of Nanoparticle
Biosynthesis 108 5.4 Fermentative Production of Nanoparticles 111 5.5
Nanoparticle Recovery 114 5.6 Challenges and Future Perspectives 115 5.7
Conclusion 115 References 116 6 Biosynthesis of Size-Controlled Metal and
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles by Bacteria 123 Chung-Hao Kuo, David A. Kriz,
Anton Gudz, and Steven L. Suib 6.1 Introduction 123 6.2 Intracellular
Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles by Bacteria 124 6.3 E xtracellular
Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles by Bacteria 129 6.4 Synthesis of Metal
Oxide and Sulfide Nanoparticles by Bacteria 131 6.5 Conclusion 135
References 135 7 Methods of Nanoparticle Biosynthesis for Medical and
Commercial Applications 141 Shilpi Mishra, Saurabh Dixit, and Shivani Soni
7.1 Introduction 141 7.2 Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles using Bacteria 144
7.2.1 Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Bacteria 144 7.2.2 Synthesis of
Gold Nanoparticles by Bacteria 145 7.2.3 Synthesis of other Metallic
Nanoparticles by Bacteria 145 7.3 Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles using
Actinomycete 146 7.4 Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles using Fungi 147 7.5
Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles using Plants 148 7.6 Conclusions 149
References 149 8 Microbial Synthesis of Nanoparticles: An Overview 155
Sneha Singh, Ambarish Sharan Vidyarthi, and Abhimanyu Dev 8.1 Introduction
156 8.2 Nanoparticles Synthesis Inspired by Microorganisms 157 8.2.1
Bacteria in NPs Synthesis 162 8.2.2 Fungi in NPs Synthesis 167 8.2.3
Actinomycetes in NPs Synthesis 170 8.2.4 Yeast in NPs Synthesis 171 8.2.5
Virus in NPs Synthesis 173 8.3 Mechanisms of Nanoparticles Synthesis 174
8.4 Purification and Characterization of Nanoparticles 176 8.5 Conclusion
177 References 179 9 Microbial Diversity of Nanoparticle Biosynthesis 187
Raveendran Sindhu, Ashok Pandey, and Parameswaran Binod 9.1 Introduction
187 9.2 Microbial-mediated Nanoparticles 187 9.2.1 Gold 188 9.2.2 Silver
190 9.2.3 Selenium 191 9.2.4 Silica 192 9.2.5 Cadmium 192 9.2.6 Palladium
193 9.2.7 Zinc 193 9.2.8 Lead 194 9.2.9 Iron 195 9.2.10 Copper 195 9.2.11
Cerium 196 9.2.12 Microbial Quantum Dots 196 9.2.13 Cadmium Telluride 197
9.2.14 Iron Sulfide-greigite 198 9.3 Native and Engineered Microbes for
Nanoparticle Synthesis 198 9.4 Commercial Aspects of Microbial Nanoparticle
Synthesis 199 9.5 Conclusion 200 References 200 10 S ustainable Synthesis
of Palladium(0) Nanocatalysts and their Potential for Organohalogen
Compounds Detoxification 205 Michael Bunge and Katrin Mackenzie 10.1
Introduction 205 10.2 Chemically Generated Palladium Nanocatalysts for
Hydrodechlorination: Current Methods and Materials 206 10.2.1 Pd Catalysts
206 10.2.2 Data Analysis 207 10.2.3 Pd as Dehalogenation Catalyst 207
10.2.4 Intrinsic Potential vs. Performance 208 10.2.5 Concepts for Pd
Protection 210 10.3 Bio-supported Synthesis of Palladium Nanocatalysts 211
10.3.1 Background 211 10.4 Current Approaches for Synthesis of Palladium
Catalysts in the Presence of Microorganisms 212 10.4.1 Pd(II)-Tolerant
Microorganisms for Future Biotechnological Approaches 213 10.4.2
Controlling Size and Morphology during Bio-Synthesis 214 10.4.3 Putative
and Documented Mechanisms of Biosynthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles 215
10.4.4 Isolation of Nanocatalysts from the Cell Matrix and Stabilization
216 10.5 Bio-Palladium(0)-nanocatalyst Mediated Transformation of
Organohalogen Pollutants 217 10.6 Conclusions 218 References 219 11 E
nvironmental Processing of Zn Containing Wastes and Generation of Nanosized
Value-Added Products 225 Abhilash and B.D. Pandey 11.1 Introduction 225
11.1.1 World Status of Zinc Production 226 11.1.2 E nvironmental Impact of
the Process Wastes Generated 226 11.1.3 Production Status in India 227
11.1.4 Recent Attempts at Processing Low-Grade Ores and Tailings 228 11.2
Physical/Chemical/Hydrothermal Processing 229 11.2.1 E xtraction of Pb-Zn
from Tailings for Utilization and Production in China 229 11.2.2 Vegetation
Program on Pb-Zn Tailings 229 11.2.3 Recovering Valuable Metals from
Tailings and Residues 229 11.2.4 E xtraction of Vanadium, Lead and Zinc
from Mining Dump in Zambia 230 11.2.5 Recovery of Zinc from Blast Furnace
and other Dust/Secondary Resources 230 11.2.6 Treatment and Recycling of
Goethite Waste 231 11.2.7 Other Hydrometallurgical Treatments of Zinc-based
Industrial Wastes and Residues 231 11.3 Biohydrometallurgical Processing:
International Scenario 233 11.3.1 Bioleaching of Zn from Copper Mining
Residues by Aspergillus niger 233 11.3.2 Bioleaching of Zinc from Steel
Plant Waste using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans 234 11.3.3 Bacterial
Leaching of Zinc from Chat (Chert) Pile Rock and Copper from Tailings Pond
Sediment 234 11.3.4 Dissolution of Zn from Zinc Mine Tailings 234 11.3.5
Microbial Diversity in Zinc Mines 234 11.3.6 Chromosomal Resistance
Mechanisms of A. ferrooxidans on Zinc 235 11.3.7 Bioleaching of Zinc
Sulfides by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans 235 11.3.8 Bioleaching of
High-sphalerite Material 235 11.3.9 Bioleaching of Low-grade ZnS
Concentrate and Complex Sulfides (Pb-Zn) using Thermophilic Species 236
11.3.10 Improvement of Stains for Bio-processing of Sphalerite 236 11.3.11
Tank Bioleaching of ZnS and Zn Polymetallic Concentrates 237 11.3.12
Large-Scale Development for Zinc Concentrate Bioleaching 237 11.3.13
Scale-up Studies for Bioleaching of Low-Grade Sphalerite Ore 238 11.3.14
Zinc Resistance Mechanism in Bacteria 238 11.4 Biohydrometallurgical
Processing: Indian Scenario 238 11.4.1 E lectro-Bioleaching of Sphalerite
Flotation Concentrate 239 11.4.2 Bioleaching of Zinc Sulfide Concentrate
239 11.4.3 Bioleaching of Moore Cake and Sphalarite Tailings 239 11.5
Synthesis of Nanoparticles 240 11.6 Applications of Zinc-based Value-added
Products/Nanomaterials 244 11.6.1 Hydro-Gel for Bio-applications 244 11.6.2
Sensors 244 11.6.3 Biomedical Applications 245 11.6.4 Antibacterial
Properties 245 11.6.5 Zeolites in biomedical applications 246 11.6.6
Textiles 246 11.6.7 Prospects of Zinc Recovery from Tailings and
Biosynthesis of Zinc-based Nano-materials 246 11.7 Conclusions and Future
Directions 247 References 248 12 Interaction Between Nanoparticles and
Plants: Increasing Evidence of Phytotoxicity 255 Rajeshwari Sinha and S.K.
Khare 12.1 Introduction 255 12.2 Plant-Nanoparticle Interactions 256 12.3 E
ffect of Nanoparticles on Plants 256 12.3.1 Monocot Plants 257 12.3.2 Dicot
Plants 257 12.4 Mechanisms of Nanoparticle?]induced Phytotoxicity 257
12.4.1 Endocytosis 257 12.4.2 Transfer through Ion Channels
Post?]ionization 262 12.4.3 Aquaporin Mediated 262 12.4.4 Carrier Proteins
Mediated 262 12.4.5 Via Organic Matter 262 12.4.6 Complex Formation with
Root Exudates 262 12.4.7 Foliar Uptake 263 12.5 E ffect on Physiological
Parameters 263 12.5.1 Loss of Hydraulic Conductivity 263 12.5.2 Genotoxic
Effects 263 12.5.3 Absorption and Accumulation 263 12.5.4 Generation of
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) 264 12.5.5 Biotransformation of NPs 264 12.6
Genectic and Molecular Basis of NP Phytotoxicity 266 12.7 Conclusions and
Future Perspectives 266 References 267 13 Cytotoxicology of Nanocomposites
273 Horacio Bach 13.1 Introduction 273 13.2 Cellular Toxicity 274 13.2.1
Mechanisms of Cellular Toxicity 274 13.2.2 E ffect of Glutathione (GSH) in
Oxidative Stress 276 13.2.3 Damage to Cellular Biomolecules 277 13.3
Nanoparticle Fabrication 281 13.3.1 Physico?]chemical Characteristics of
NPs 282 13.3.2 Cellular Uptake 284 13.3.3 Factors Affecting the
Internalization of NPs 287 13.4 Immunological Response 289 13.4.1 Cytokine
Production 289 13.4.2 Cytotoxicity, Necrosis, Apoptosis, and Cell Death 290
13.5 Factors to Consider to Reduce the Cytotoxic Effects of NP 292 13.6
Conclusions and Future Directions 293 References 294 14 Nanotechnology:
Overview of Regulations and Implementations 303 Om V. Singh and Thomas
Colonna 14.1 Introduction 303 14.2 Scope of Nanotechnology 305 14.3 Safety
Concerns Related to Nanotechnology 310 14.4 Barriers to the Desired
Regulatory Framework 311 14.4.1 Regulatory Framework in the United States
312 14.4.2 Global Efforts toward Regulation of Nanotechnology 315 14.5
Biosynthesis of Microbial Bio?]nanoparticles: An Alternative Production
Method 317 14.6 Conclusion 325 References 326 Name index 331 Subject index
333