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The Atlantic salmon is one of the most prized and exploited species worldwide, being at the centre of a massive sports fishing industry and increasingly as the major farmed species in many countries worldwide. Atlantic Salmon Ecology is a landmark publication, both scientifically important and visually attractive. Comprehensively covering all major aspects of the relationship of the Atlantic salmon with its environment, chapters include details of migration and dispersal, reproduction, habitat requirements, feeding, growth rates, competition, predation, parasitsm, population dynamics, effects…mehr
The Atlantic salmon is one of the most prized and exploited species worldwide, being at the centre of a massive sports fishing industry and increasingly as the major farmed species in many countries worldwide. Atlantic Salmon Ecology is a landmark publication, both scientifically important and visually attractive. Comprehensively covering all major aspects of the relationship of the Atlantic salmon with its environment, chapters include details of migration and dispersal, reproduction, habitat requirements, feeding, growth rates, competition, predation, parasitsm, population dynamics, effects of landscape use, hydro power development, climate change, and exploitation. The book closes with a summary and look at possible future research directions. Backed by the Norwegian Research Council and with editors and contributors widely known and respected, Atlantic Salmon Ecology is an essential purchase for all those working with this species, including fisheries scientists and managers, fish biologists, ecologists, physiologists, environmental biologists and aquatic scientists, fish and wildlife department personnel and regulatory bodies. Libraries in all universities and research establishments where these subjects are studied and taught should have copies of this important publication. * Comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of Atlantic Salmon * Atlantic Salmon is one of the world's most commercially important species * Backed by the Norwegian Research Council * Experienced editor and internationally respected contributors
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Øystein Aas is Senior Research Scientist at the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Lillehammer. Sigurd Einum is Professor at The Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim. Anders Klemetsen is Professor Emeritus at the Norwegian College of Fisheries Science, University of Tromso. Jostein Skurdal is Professor and Research Director, Oslo University College.
Inhaltsangabe
Foreword. Preface and acknowledgements. Reviewers. Contributors. Glossary. 1 Aquatic Nomads: The Life and Migrations of the Atlantic Salmon. Eva B. Thorstad, Fred Whoriskey, Audun H. Rikardsen & Kim Aarestrup 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Atlantic salmon life cycle. 1.3 Geographic distribution. 1.4 Smolt and post-smolt migration - from juvenile life in the river to feeding in the ocean. 1.5 Spawning migration - from feeding in the ocean to spawning in the river. 1.6 Kelt migration - after spawning and during outward migration. 1.7 Homing and orientation mechanisms. 1.8 Conclusion and future research needs. References. 2 Reproductive Ecology: A Tale of Two Sexes. Ian A. Fleming & Sigurd Einum 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Reproductive strategies: age and size at maturity. 2.3 Reproductive investment. 2.4 Breeding behaviour and success. 2.5 Reproductive success through effects on the next generation. 2.6 Maternal influences on offspring. References. 3 Freshwater Habitat Requirements of Atlantic Salmon. Anders G. Finstad, John D. Armstrong & Keith H. Nislow 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 The fundamental niche and freshwater habitat requirements. 3.3 Realised niche and observed habitat use. 3.4 Large-scale determinants of Atlantic salmon habitat. 3.5 Managing Atlantic salmon freshwater habitats. References. 4 The When, What and Where of Freshwater Feeding. Morten Johansen, Jaakko Erkinaro & Per-Arne Amundsen 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Diet selectivity. 4.3 Drift vs. benthic feeding. 4.4 Ontogenetic changes in diet. 4.5 Temporal feeding patterns. 4.6 Spatial feeding patterns. 4.7 Interspecific food resource partitioning. 4.8 Concluding remarks and future perspectives. References. 5 Dietary Life-Support: The Food and Feeding of Atlantic Salmon at Sea. Audun H. Rikardsen & J. Brian Dempson 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Post-smolt nearshore feeding. 5.3 Open ocean feeding of post-smolts. 5.4 Open ocean feeding of pre-adults and adult pre-spawning salmon. 5.5 Summary and conclusions. Acknowledgements. References. 6 The Behavioural Flexibility of Salmon Growth. Torbjørn Forseth, Benjamin H. Letcher & Morten Johansen 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Patterns of Atlantic salmon growth. 6.3 Environmental sources of growth variation. 6.4 Maternal sources of growth variation. 6.5 Genetic sources of growth variation. 6.6 Constraints to growth. 6.7 Growth modelling. 6.8 Perspectives for management. References. 7 The Role of Competition in the Ecology of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon. Keith H. Nislow, John D. Armstrong & James W. A. Grant 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Intraspecific competition. 7.3 Interspecific competition. 7.4 Conclusions. References. 8 Predation: Compensation and Context Dependence. Darren M. Ward & Nils A. Hvidsten 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Major salmon predators. 8.3 Conceptual models of predation. 8.4 Conclusions. References. 9 The Parasites and Pathogens of the Atlantic Salmon: Lessons from. Gyrodactylus salaris. Phil D. Harris, Lutz Bachmann & Tor A. Bakke 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 The parasite community of Atlantic salmon. 9.3. G... salaris. and the epidemiological triangle. 9.4 Managing disease in wild salmonid populations. References. 10 The Effect of Sea Lice on Atlantic Salmon and other Salmonid Species. Bengt Finstad, Pål A. Bjørn, Christopher D. Todd, Fred Whoriskey, Patrick G. Gargan, Gregory Forde & Crawford W. Revie 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 The sea lice story from Norway. 10.3 The sea lice story from Canada. 10.4 The sea lice story from Ireland. 10.5 The sea lice story from Scotland. 10.6 Management. 10.7 Concluding remarks. References. 11 Variation in Population Size through Time and Space: Theory and Recent Empirical Advances from Atlantic Salmon. Sigurd Einum & Keith H. Nislow 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Temporal variation in Atlantic salmon abundance. 11.3 Environmental influences on population dynamics. 11.4 Density dependence throughout the juvenile stage. 11.5 Spatial aspects of density dependence. References. 12 Stock, Recruitment and Exploitation. Kjetil Hindar, Jeffrey A. Hutchings, Ola H. Diserud & Peder Fiske 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 State of Atlantic salmon populations. 12.3 Stock and recruitment in Atlantic salmon populations. 12.4 Spawning targets: from single populations to nation-wide levels. 12.5 Exploitation. 12.6 Evolutionary and ecological effects of fishing. 12.7 Management implications. References. 13 Landscape and Land Use Effects on Atlantic Salmon. Ola Ugedal & Anders G. Finstad 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 The multiple spatial scales of freshwater productivity. 13.3 Land use and Atlantic salmon. 13.4 Concluding remarks. References. 14 Hydropower Development - Ecological Effects. Bjørn Ove Johnsen, Jo Vegar Arnekleiv, Lars Asplin, Bjørn T. Barlaup, Tor F. Næsje, Bjørn Olav Rosseland, Svein Jakob Saltveit & Arve Tvede 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Changes in physical, chemical, hydrological and biologicalfactors in rivers and fjord systems as a consequence of hydropower development. 14.3 Changes in survival, growth, migration and production of salmon in rivers and fjords. 14.4 Measures to compensate for negative effects of hydropower development. 14.5 Conclusion. References. 15 Lessons from Acidification and Pesticides. Bjørn Olav Rosseland & Frode Kroglund 15.1 General water quality of Atlantic salmon rivers. 15.2 Major classes of pollutants. 15.3 Acidification. 15.4 Pesticides and Atlantic salmon. 15.5 Conclusion. References. 16 Getting into Hot Water? Atlantic Salmon Responses to Climate Change in Freshwater and Marine Environments. Christopher D. Todd, Kevin D. Friedland, Julian C. MacLean, Neil Hazon & Arne J. Jensen 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Past and present climate for Atlantic salmon. 16.3 Upstream river migration and spawning. 16.4 Eggs and alevins. 16.5 Parr life. 16.6 Smolt migration. 16.7 Geographical distribution and recent trends in adult stock abundance. 16.8 Ocean climate influences on run-timing and adult abundance/recruitment. 16.9 Migration, diurnal behaviour and changes in the epipelagic food web. 16.10 Do changes in North Atlantic zooplankton communities comprise regime shifts?. 16.11 Change in size and growth in the marine environment. 16.12 Adult somatic condition and lipid reserves: indicators of ocean climate deterioration?. 16.13 Maturity schedules. 16.14 Large-scale indicator indices of ocean climate change and impacts on salmon. 16.15 Management issues and responses to changes in ocean climate. References. 17 Salmon Ecological Research and Conservation. Øystein Aas, David Policansky, Sigurd Einum & Jostein Skurdal 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 Ecological research that contributes to conservation. 17.3 Environment, genetics, and changes in life-history. 17.4 Enhanced cooperation. 17.5 Multidisciplinary science. References. Index.
Foreword. Preface and acknowledgements. Reviewers. Contributors. Glossary. 1 Aquatic Nomads: The Life and Migrations of the Atlantic Salmon. Eva B. Thorstad, Fred Whoriskey, Audun H. Rikardsen & Kim Aarestrup 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Atlantic salmon life cycle. 1.3 Geographic distribution. 1.4 Smolt and post-smolt migration - from juvenile life in the river to feeding in the ocean. 1.5 Spawning migration - from feeding in the ocean to spawning in the river. 1.6 Kelt migration - after spawning and during outward migration. 1.7 Homing and orientation mechanisms. 1.8 Conclusion and future research needs. References. 2 Reproductive Ecology: A Tale of Two Sexes. Ian A. Fleming & Sigurd Einum 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Reproductive strategies: age and size at maturity. 2.3 Reproductive investment. 2.4 Breeding behaviour and success. 2.5 Reproductive success through effects on the next generation. 2.6 Maternal influences on offspring. References. 3 Freshwater Habitat Requirements of Atlantic Salmon. Anders G. Finstad, John D. Armstrong & Keith H. Nislow 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 The fundamental niche and freshwater habitat requirements. 3.3 Realised niche and observed habitat use. 3.4 Large-scale determinants of Atlantic salmon habitat. 3.5 Managing Atlantic salmon freshwater habitats. References. 4 The When, What and Where of Freshwater Feeding. Morten Johansen, Jaakko Erkinaro & Per-Arne Amundsen 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Diet selectivity. 4.3 Drift vs. benthic feeding. 4.4 Ontogenetic changes in diet. 4.5 Temporal feeding patterns. 4.6 Spatial feeding patterns. 4.7 Interspecific food resource partitioning. 4.8 Concluding remarks and future perspectives. References. 5 Dietary Life-Support: The Food and Feeding of Atlantic Salmon at Sea. Audun H. Rikardsen & J. Brian Dempson 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Post-smolt nearshore feeding. 5.3 Open ocean feeding of post-smolts. 5.4 Open ocean feeding of pre-adults and adult pre-spawning salmon. 5.5 Summary and conclusions. Acknowledgements. References. 6 The Behavioural Flexibility of Salmon Growth. Torbjørn Forseth, Benjamin H. Letcher & Morten Johansen 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Patterns of Atlantic salmon growth. 6.3 Environmental sources of growth variation. 6.4 Maternal sources of growth variation. 6.5 Genetic sources of growth variation. 6.6 Constraints to growth. 6.7 Growth modelling. 6.8 Perspectives for management. References. 7 The Role of Competition in the Ecology of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon. Keith H. Nislow, John D. Armstrong & James W. A. Grant 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Intraspecific competition. 7.3 Interspecific competition. 7.4 Conclusions. References. 8 Predation: Compensation and Context Dependence. Darren M. Ward & Nils A. Hvidsten 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Major salmon predators. 8.3 Conceptual models of predation. 8.4 Conclusions. References. 9 The Parasites and Pathogens of the Atlantic Salmon: Lessons from. Gyrodactylus salaris. Phil D. Harris, Lutz Bachmann & Tor A. Bakke 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 The parasite community of Atlantic salmon. 9.3. G... salaris. and the epidemiological triangle. 9.4 Managing disease in wild salmonid populations. References. 10 The Effect of Sea Lice on Atlantic Salmon and other Salmonid Species. Bengt Finstad, Pål A. Bjørn, Christopher D. Todd, Fred Whoriskey, Patrick G. Gargan, Gregory Forde & Crawford W. Revie 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 The sea lice story from Norway. 10.3 The sea lice story from Canada. 10.4 The sea lice story from Ireland. 10.5 The sea lice story from Scotland. 10.6 Management. 10.7 Concluding remarks. References. 11 Variation in Population Size through Time and Space: Theory and Recent Empirical Advances from Atlantic Salmon. Sigurd Einum & Keith H. Nislow 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Temporal variation in Atlantic salmon abundance. 11.3 Environmental influences on population dynamics. 11.4 Density dependence throughout the juvenile stage. 11.5 Spatial aspects of density dependence. References. 12 Stock, Recruitment and Exploitation. Kjetil Hindar, Jeffrey A. Hutchings, Ola H. Diserud & Peder Fiske 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 State of Atlantic salmon populations. 12.3 Stock and recruitment in Atlantic salmon populations. 12.4 Spawning targets: from single populations to nation-wide levels. 12.5 Exploitation. 12.6 Evolutionary and ecological effects of fishing. 12.7 Management implications. References. 13 Landscape and Land Use Effects on Atlantic Salmon. Ola Ugedal & Anders G. Finstad 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 The multiple spatial scales of freshwater productivity. 13.3 Land use and Atlantic salmon. 13.4 Concluding remarks. References. 14 Hydropower Development - Ecological Effects. Bjørn Ove Johnsen, Jo Vegar Arnekleiv, Lars Asplin, Bjørn T. Barlaup, Tor F. Næsje, Bjørn Olav Rosseland, Svein Jakob Saltveit & Arve Tvede 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Changes in physical, chemical, hydrological and biologicalfactors in rivers and fjord systems as a consequence of hydropower development. 14.3 Changes in survival, growth, migration and production of salmon in rivers and fjords. 14.4 Measures to compensate for negative effects of hydropower development. 14.5 Conclusion. References. 15 Lessons from Acidification and Pesticides. Bjørn Olav Rosseland & Frode Kroglund 15.1 General water quality of Atlantic salmon rivers. 15.2 Major classes of pollutants. 15.3 Acidification. 15.4 Pesticides and Atlantic salmon. 15.5 Conclusion. References. 16 Getting into Hot Water? Atlantic Salmon Responses to Climate Change in Freshwater and Marine Environments. Christopher D. Todd, Kevin D. Friedland, Julian C. MacLean, Neil Hazon & Arne J. Jensen 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Past and present climate for Atlantic salmon. 16.3 Upstream river migration and spawning. 16.4 Eggs and alevins. 16.5 Parr life. 16.6 Smolt migration. 16.7 Geographical distribution and recent trends in adult stock abundance. 16.8 Ocean climate influences on run-timing and adult abundance/recruitment. 16.9 Migration, diurnal behaviour and changes in the epipelagic food web. 16.10 Do changes in North Atlantic zooplankton communities comprise regime shifts?. 16.11 Change in size and growth in the marine environment. 16.12 Adult somatic condition and lipid reserves: indicators of ocean climate deterioration?. 16.13 Maturity schedules. 16.14 Large-scale indicator indices of ocean climate change and impacts on salmon. 16.15 Management issues and responses to changes in ocean climate. References. 17 Salmon Ecological Research and Conservation. Øystein Aas, David Policansky, Sigurd Einum & Jostein Skurdal 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 Ecological research that contributes to conservation. 17.3 Environment, genetics, and changes in life-history. 17.4 Enhanced cooperation. 17.5 Multidisciplinary science. References. Index.
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