J. C. Das

Arc Flash Hazard Analysis and Mitigation (eBook, ePUB)

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

This new edition of the definitive arc flash reference guide, fully updated to align with the IEEE's updated hazard calculations An arc flash, an electrical breakdown of the resistance of air resulting in an electric arc, can cause substantial damage, fire, injury, or loss of life. Professionals involved in the design, operation, or maintenance of electric power systems require thorough and up-to-date knowledge of arc flash safety and prevention methods. Arc Flash Hazard Analysis and Mitigation is the most comprehensive reference guide available on all aspects of arc flash hazard calculations, protective current technologies, and worker safety in electrical environments. Detailed chapters cover protective relaying, unit protection systems, arc-resistant equipment, arc flash analyses in DC systems, and many more critical topics. Now in its second edition, this industry-standard resource contains fully revised material throughout, including a new chapter on calculation procedures conforming to the latest IEEE Guide 1584. Updated methodology and equations are complemented by new practical examples and case studies. Expanded topics include risk assessment, electrode configuration, the impact of system grounding, electrical safety in workplaces, and short-circuit currents. Written by a leading authority with more than three decades' experience conducting power system analyses, this invaluable guide: * Provides the latest methodologies for flash arc hazard analysis as well practical mitigation techniques, fully aligned with the updated IEEE Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations * Explores an inclusive range of current technologies and strategies for arc flash mitigation * Covers calculations of short-circuits, protective relaying, and varied electrical system configurations in industrial power systems * Addresses differential relays, arc flash sensing relays, protective relaying coordination, current transformer operation and saturation, and more * Includes review questions and references at the end of each chapter Part of the market-leading IEEE Series on Power Engineering, the second edition of Arc Flash Hazard Analysis and Mitigation remains essential reading for all electrical engineers and consulting engineers.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 640
• Erscheinungstermin: 12. Dezember 2020
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119709794
• Artikelnr.: 60802699

Autorenporträt

J.C. DAS, PHD, is President and Principal of Power System Studies, Inc. He is the former Head of Power System Analysis at Amec Foster Wheeler, where he served for thirty years. He is specialist in conducting power system studies, including short-circuit, load flow, harmonics, stability, arc-flash hazard, grounding, switching transients, and protective relaying. He is the author 70 technical publications, hundreds of study reports for real-world power systems, and several books, including Power System Harmonics and Passive Filter Designs and Understanding Symmetrical Components for Power System Modeling. Mr. Das is a member of the IEEE Industry Applications and IEEE Power Engineering societies, a Fellow of Institution of Engineering Technology, and recipient of the IEEE Meritorious Award in Engineering.

Inhaltsangabe

Foreword xix

Preface to Second Edition xxi

Preface to First Edition xxiii

Acknowledgement xxv

About the Author xxvii

1 Arc Flash Hazards and Their Analyses 1

1.1 Electrical Arcs 2

1.1.1 Arc as a Heat Source 3

1.1.2 Arcing Phenomena in a Cubicle 3

1.2 Arc Flash Hazard and Personal Safety 4

1.3 Time Motion Studies 5

1.4 Arc Flash Hazards 5

1.5 Arc Blast 6

1.6 Electrical Shock Hazard 9

1.6.1 Resistance of Human Body 11

1.7 Fire Hazard 13

1.8 Arc Flash Hazard Analysis 15

1.8.1 Ralph Lee's and NFPA Equations 17

1.8.2 IEEE 1584 Guide Equations 17

1.9 Personal Protective Equipment 21

1.10 Hazard Boundaries 23

1.10.1 Working Distance 24

1.10.2 Arc Flash Labels 24

1.11 Maximum Duration of an Arc Flash Event and Arc Flash Boundary 25

1.11.1 Arc Flash Hazard with Equipment Doors Closed 25

1.12 Reasons for Internal Arcing Faults 27

1.13 Arc Flash Hazard Calculation Steps 28

1.13.1 NFPA Table 130.7(C)(15)(a) 29

1.14 Examples of Calculations 30

1.15 Reducing Arc Flash Hazard 33

1.15.1 Reduction 34

1.15.2 Arc Flash Labels 37

Review Questions 38

References 38

2 Safety and Prevention Through Design: A New Frontier 41

2.1 Electrical Standards and Codes 42

2.2 Prevention through Design 44

2.3 Limitations of Existing Codes, Regulations, and Standards 45

2.4 Electrical Hazards 46

2.5 Changing the Safety Culture 49

2.6 Risk Analysis for Critical Operation Power Systems 49

2.6.1 Existing Systems 50

2.6.2 New Facilities 50

2.7 Reliability Analysis 51

2.7.1 Data for Reliability Evaluations 52

2.7.2 Methods of Evaluation 53

2.7.3 Reliability and Safety 53

2.8 Maintenance and Operation 54

2.8.1 Maintenance Strategies 55

2.8.2 Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) 56

2.9 Safety Integrity Level and Safety Instrumented System 56

2.10 Electrical Safety in the Workplaces 58

2.10.1 Risk Assessment 58

2.10.2 Responsibility 58

2.10.3 Risk Parameters 58

2.11 Risk Reduction 61

2.12 Risk Evaluation 62

2.13 Risk Reduction Verification 63

2.14 Risk Control 63

Review Questions 64

References 64

3 Calculations According To IEEE Guide 1584, 2018 68

3.1 Model for Incident Energy Calculations 68

3.2 Electrode Configuration 69

3.3 Impact of System Grounding 69

3.4 Intermediate Average Arcing Current 70

3.5 Arcing Current Variation Factor 71

3.6 Calculation of Intermediate Incident Energy 73

3.7 Intermediate Arc Flash Boundary (AFB) 75

3.8 Enclosure Size Correction Factor 77

3.8.1 Shallow and Typical Enclosures 77

3.9 Determine Equivalent Height and Width 77

3.10 Determine Enclosure Size Correction Factor 77

3.11 Determination of Iarc, E, and AFB (600 V Voc <= 15,000 V) 78

3.11.1 Arcing Current 78

3.11.2 Incident Energy (E) 78

3.11.3 Arc Flash Boundary (AFB) 79

3.12 Determination of Iarc, E, and AFB (Voc <= 600 V) 80

3.12.1 Arcing Current 80

3.12.2 Incident Energy 80

3.12.3 Arc Flash Boundary (AFB) 80

3.13 A Flow Chart for the Calculations 80

3.14 Examples of Calculations 81

References 82

4 Arc Flash H