Analytical Techniques in the Oil and Gas Industry for Environmental Monitoring (eBook, PDF)

Redaktion: Dunkle, Melissa N.; Winniford, William L.

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

A thorough introduction to environmental monitoring in the oil and gas industry Analytical Techniques in the Oil and Gas Industry for Environmental Monitoring examines the analytical side of the oil and gas industry as it also provides an overall introduction to the industry. You'll discover how oil and natural gas are sourced, refined, and processed. You can learn about what's produced from oil and natural gas, and why evaluating these sourced resources is important. The book discusses the conventional analyses for oil and natural gas feeds, along with their limitations. It offers detailed descriptions of advanced analytical techniques that are commercially available, plus explanations of gas and oil industry equipment and instrumentation. You'll find technique descriptions supplemented with a list of references as well as with real-life application examples. With this book as a reference, you can prepare to apply specific analytical methods in your organization's lab environment. Analytical Techniques can also serve as your comprehensive resource on key techniques in the characterization of oil and gas samples, within both refinery and environmental contexts. * Understand of the scope of oil and gas industry techniques available * Consider the benefits and limitations of each available process * Prepare for applying analytical techniques in your lab * See real examples and a list of references for each technique * Read descriptions of off-line analytics, as well as on-line and process applications As a chemist, engineer, instructor, or student, this book will also expand your awareness of the role these techniques have in environmental monitoring and environmental impact assessments.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 464
• Erscheinungstermin: 10. Juli 2020
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119523338
• Artikelnr.: 59848225

Autorenporträt

MELISSA N. DUNKLE, PHD, is currently an Associate Research Scientist at Dow Benelux in The Netherlands. She focuses on R&D projects to advance analytical capabilities and improve the evaluation of natural gas feedstocks. WILLIAM L. WINNIFORD, PHD, is currently a Fellow at The Dow Chemical Company in Freeport, Texas. His primary field of research is analytical separations, currently focused on comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography.

Inhaltsangabe

Part I Scope 1

1 Introduction 3
Melissa N. Dunkle and William L. Winniford

1.1 Introduction 3

1.1.1 Petroleum Cycle 3

1.1.2 Well-Known Cases of Environmental Contamination 4

1.1.2.1 Oil-Drilling Rig Deepwater Horizon 4

1.1.2.2 Sanchi Oil Tanker Collision 6

1.1.3 Summary 6

1.2 Petroleum 7

1.3 Analytics 9

1.4 Reservoir Tracers 12

1.5 Emissions from the Petroleum Industry 12

1.6 Environmental Analysis and Monitoring 14

1.7 Conclusions 17

References 17

Part II Introduction to the Petroleum Industry 21

2 Petroleum: From Wells to Wheels 23
Clifford C. Walters, Steven W. Levine, and Frank C. Wang

2.1 Introduction 23

2.2 Petroleum in the Ancient World 23

2.3 The Petroleum System 28

2.3.1 Source Rocks 28

2.3.2 Generation of Petroleum 34

2.3.3 Migration and Accumulation 35

2.4 The Upstream 37

2.4.1 Exploration 37

2.4.1.1 Play and Prospect Evaluation 38

2.4.1.2 Predicting Petroleum Quantity and Quality 43

2.4.2 Drilling 45

2.4.2.1 Development of Drilling Technology 46

2.4.2.2 Modern Drilling Practices 49

2.4.2.3 Well Logging 52

2.4.2.4 Development 57

2.4.3 Production 58

2.4.3.1 Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Production 58

2.4.3.2 Surface Oil Sands 61

2.4.3.3 Unconventional Resources 61

2.4.3.4 Plug and Abandonment 66

2.5 Mid-Stream 67

2.5.1 Transportation 67

2.5.2 Storage 70

2.6 Downstream 72

2.6.1 Evolution of Modern Refining 72

2.6.2 Modern Refinery Processes 73

2.6.2.1 Crude Oil Pretreatment 75

2.6.2.2 Separation 75

2.6.2.3 Conversion 81

2.6.2.4 Purification 95

2.6.2.5 Sweetening and Treating 100

2.6.3 Fuel Products 102

2.6.3.1 Mogas (Motor Gasoline) 103

2.6.3.2 Diesel 104

2.6.3.3 Jet Fuels/Kerosene 106

2.6.3.4 Fuel Oil 106

2.6.3.5 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 107

2.7 Petrochemicals 107

2.7.1 Olefins: Prime and Higher Olefins 107

2.7.2 Aromatics 109

2.7.3 Lubes 109

2.7.4 Other Products 110

2.8 The Future of Petroleum 110

References 112

Part III Analytical Techniques Utilized in the Petroleum Industry 121

3 Petroleum Analysis Through Conventional Analytical Techniques 123
Melissa N. Dunkle and William L. Winniford

3.1 Introduction to Petroleum Analysis 123

3.2 Brief History on Petroleum Analysis 123

3.2.1 How Petroleum Analysis Influenced Developments in Gas Chromatography 124

3.2.1.1 Detector Technology 125

3.2.1.2 Column Technology 132

3.3 Conventional Analysis of Petroleum 135

3.3.1 Distillation 136

3.3.2 PIONA Analyzer 137

3.3.3 Detailed Hydrocarbon Analysis 138

3.3.4 GC-MS Analysis for Unknown and Biomarker Identification 139

3.3.4.1 Diamondoids 140

3.3.4.2 Naphthenic Acids 141

3.3.4.3 Biomarkers 142

3.3.5 Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) and Their Environmental Impact 145

3.3.6 Tar Analysis 146

3.3.7 Analysis of Heteroatoms and Heavy Metals 149

3.3.7.1 Heteroatoms 149

3.3.7.2 Heavy Metals 150

3.3.8 Additional Analytical Applications for Petroleum 150

References 150

4 Advanced Analytics for the Evaluation of Oil, Natur