Dougal Drysdale

An Introduction to Fire Dynamics (eBook, PDF)

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

"Drysdale's book is by far the most comprehensive - everyone in the office has a copy...now including me. It holds just about everything you need to know about fire science." (Review of An Introduction to Fire Dynamics, 2nd Edition) After 25 years as a bestseller, Dougal Drysdale's classic introduction has been brought up-to-date and expanded to incorporate the latest research and experimental data. Essential reading for all involved in the field from undergraduate and postgraduate students to practising fire safety engineers and fire prevention officers, An Introduction to Fire Dynamics is unique in that it addresses the fundamentals of fire science and fire dynamics, thus providing the scientific background necessary for the development of fire safety engineering as a professional discipline. An Introduction to Fire Dynamics * Includes experimental data relevant to the understanding of fire behaviour of materials; * Features numerical problems with answers illustrating the quantitative applications of the concepts presented; * Extensively course-tested at Worcester Polytechnic Institute and the University of Edinburgh, and widely adopted throughout the world; * Will appeal to all those working in fire safety engineering and related disciplines.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 576
• Erscheinungstermin: 28. Juli 2011
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119975472
• Artikelnr.: 37357488

Autorenporträt

Professor Dougal Drysdale recently retired from the University of Edinburgh, where he maintains the position of Emeritus Professor of Fire Safety Engineering. He is a past president of the International Association for Fire Safety Science. His research interests include spontaneous combustion, fire dynamics and behaviour, and fire investigation.

Inhaltsangabe

About the Author xi Preface to the Second Edition xiii Preface to the Third
Edition xv List of Symbols and Abbreviations xvii 1 Fire Science and
Combustion 1 1.1 Fuels and the Combustion Process 2 1.1.1 The Nature of
Fuels 2 1.1.2 Thermal Decomposition and Stability of Polymers 6 1.2 The
Physical Chemistry of Combustion in Fires 12 1.2.1 The Ideal Gas Law 14
1.2.2 Vapour Pressure of Liquids 18 1.2.3 Combustion and Energy Release 19
1.2.4 The Mechanism of Gas Phase Combustion 26 1.2.5 Temperatures of Flames
30 Problems 34 2 Heat Transfer 35 2.1 Summary of the Heat Transfer
Equations 36 2.2 Conduction 38 2.2.1 Steady State Conduction 38 2.2.2
Non-steady State Conduction 40 2.2.3 Numerical Methods of Solving
Time-dependent Conduction Problems 48 2.3 Convection 52 2.4 Radiation 59
2.4.1 Configuration Factors 64 2.4.2 Radiation from Hot Gases and
Non-luminous Flames 72 2.4.3 Radiation from Luminous Flames and Hot Smoky
Gases 76 Problems 79 3 Limits of Flammability and Premixed Flames 83 3.1
Limits of Flammability 83 3.1.1 Measurement of Flammability Limits 83 3.1.2
Characterization of the Lower Flammability Limit 88 3.1.3 Dependence of
Flammability Limits on Temperature and Pressure 91 3.1.4 Flammability
Diagrams 94 3.2 The Structure of a Premixed Flame 97 3.3 Heat Losses from
Premixed Flames 101 3.4 Measurement of Burning Velocities 106 3.5 Variation
of Burning Velocity with Experimental Parameters 109 3.5.1 Variation of
Mixture Composition 110 3.5.2 Variation of Temperature 111 3.5.3 Variation
of Pressure 112 3.5.4 Addition of Suppressants 113 3.6 The Effect of
Turbulence 116 Problems 118 4 Diffusion Flames and Fire Plumes 121 4.1
Laminar Jet Flames 123 4.2 Turbulent Jet Flames 128 4.3 Flames from Natural
Fires 130 4.3.1 The Buoyant Plume 132 4.3.2 The Fire Plume 139 4.3.3
Interaction of the Fire Plume with Compartment Boundaries 151 4.3.4 The
Effect of Wind on the Fire Plume 163 4.4 Some Practical Applications 165
4.4.1 Radiation from Flames 166 4.4.2 The Response of Ceiling-mounted Fire
Detectors 169 4.4.3 Interaction between Sprinkler Sprays and the Fire Plume
171 4.4.4 The Removal of Smoke 172 4.4.5 Modelling 174 Problems 178 5
Steady Burning of Liquids and Solids 181 5.1 Burning of Liquids 182 5.1.1
Pool Fires 182 5.1.2 Spill Fires 193 5.1.3 Burning of Liquid Droplets 194
5.1.4 Pressurized and Cryogenic Liquids 197 5.2 Burning of Solids 199 5.2.1
Burning of Synthetic Polymers 199 5.2.2 Burning of Wood 209 5.2.3 Burning
of Dusts and Powders 221 Problems 223 6 Ignition: The Initiation of Flaming
Combustion 225 6.1 Ignition of Flammable Vapour/Air Mixtures 225 6.2
Ignition of Liquids 235 6.2.1 Ignition of Low Flashpoint Liquids 241 6.2.2
Ignition of High Flashpoint Liquids 242 6.2.3 Auto-ignition of Liquid Fuels
245 6.3 Piloted Ignition of Solids 247 6.3.1 Ignition during a Constant
Heat Flux 250 6.3.2 Ignition Involving a 'Discontinuous' Heat Flux 263 6.4
Spontaneous Ignition of Solids 269 6.5 Surface Ignition by Flame
Impingement 271 6.6 Extinction of Flame 272 6.6.1 Extinction of Premixed
Flames 272 6.6.2 Extinction of Diffusion Flames 273 Problems 275 7 Spread
of Flame 277 7.1 Flame Spread Over Liquids 277 7.2 Flame Spread Over Solids
284 7.2.1 Surface Orientation and Direction of Propagation 284 7.2.2
Thickness of the Fuel 292 7.2.3 Density, Thermal Capacity and Thermal
Conductivity 294 7.2.4 Geometry of the Sample 296 7.2.5 Environmental
Effects 297 7.3 Flame Spread Modelling 307 7.4 Spread of Flame through Open
Fuel Beds 312 7.5 Applications 313 7.5.1 Radiation-enhanced Flame Spread
313 7.5.2 Rate of Vertical Spread 315 Problems 315 8 Spontaneous Ignition
within Solids and Smouldering Combustion 317 8.1 Spontaneous Ignition in
Bulk Solids 317 8.1.1 Application of the Frank-Kamenetskii Model 318 8.1.2
The Thomas Model 324 8.1.3 Ignition of Dust Layers 325 8.1.4 Ignition of
Oil - Soaked Porous Substrates 329 8.1.5 Spontaneous Ignition in Haystacks
330 8.2 Smouldering Combustion 331 8.2.1 Factors Affecting the Propagation
of Smouldering 333 8.2.2 Transition from Smouldering to Flaming Combustion
342 8.2.3 Initiation of Smouldering Combustion 344 8.2.4 The Chemical
Requirements for Smouldering 346 8.3 Glowing Combustion 347 Problems 348 9
The Pre-flashover Compartment Fire 349 9.1 The Growth Period and the
Definition of Flashover 351 9.2 Growth to Flashover 354 9.2.1 Conditions
Necessary for Flashover 354 9.2.2 Fuel and Ventilation Conditions Necessary
for Flashover 364 9.2.3 Factors Affecting Time to Flashover 378 9.2.4
Factors Affecting Fire Growth 382 Problems 385 10 The Post-flashover
Compartment Fire 387 10.1 Regimes of Burning 387 10.2 Fully Developed Fire
Behaviour 396 10.3 Temperatures Achieved in Fully Developed Fires 404
10.3.1 Experimental Study of Fully Developed Fires in Single Compartments
404 10.3.2 Mathematical Models for Compartment Fire Temperatures 406 10.3.3
Fires in Large Compartments 418 10.4 Fire Resistance and Fire Severity 420
10.5 Methods of Calculating Fire Resistance 427 10.6 Projection of Flames
from Burning Compartments 435 10.7 Spread of Fire from a Compartment 437
Problems 439 11 Smoke: Its Formation, Composition and Movement 441 11.1
Formation and Measurement of Smoke 443 11.1.1 Production of Smoke Particles
443 11.1.2 Measurement of Particulate Smoke 447 11.1.3 Methods of Test for
Smoke Production Potential 450 11.1.4 The Toxicity of Smoke 455 11.2 Smoke
Movement 459 11.2.1 Forces Responsible for Smoke Movement 459 11.2.2 Rate
of Smoke Production in Fires 465 11.3 Smoke Control Systems 469 11.3.1
Smoke Control in Large Spaces 470 11.3.2 Smoke Control in Shopping Centres
471 11.3.3 Smoke Control on Protected Escape Routes 473 References 475
Answers to Selected Problems 527 Author Index 531 Subject Index 545