Carole Rossi

Al-based Energetic Nano Materials (eBook, ePUB)

Design, Manufacturing, Properties and Applications

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

Over the past two decades, the rapid development of nanochemistry and nanotechnology has allowed the synthesis of various materials and oxides in the form of nanopowders making it possible to produce new energetic compositions and nanomaterials. This book has a bottom-up structure, from nanomaterials synthesis to the application fields. Starting from aluminum nanoparticles synthesis for fuel application, it proposes a detailed state-of-the art of the different methods of preparation of aluminum-based reactive nanomaterials. It describes the techniques developed for their characterization and, when available, a description of the fundamental mechanisms responsible for their ignition and combustion. This book also presents the possibilities and limitations of different energetic nanomaterials and related structures as well as the analysis of their chemical and thermal properties. The whole is rounded off with a look at the performances of reactive materials in terms of heat of reaction and reactivity mainly characterized as the self-sustained combustion velocity. The book ends up with a description of current reactive nanomaterials applications underlying the promising integration of aluminum-based reactive nanomaterial into micro electromechanical systems.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 170
• Erscheinungstermin: 2. Juni 2015
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119007470
• Artikelnr.: 43085657

Autorenporträt

Carole Rossi, CNRS Director of Research, Head of NanoEngineering and Integration Research Area.

Inhaltsangabe

INTRODUCTION ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xi CHAPTER 1. NANOSIZED ALUMINUM AS METAL
FUEL 1 1.1. Al nanoparticles manufacturing 2 1.1.1. Vapor-phase
condensation methods 2 1.1.2. Wet chemistry 6 1.1.3. Mechanical methods 7
1.2. Example of Al nanoparticles passivation technique 8 1.2.1. Metallic
coating 9 1.2.2. Organic coating 9 1.3. Characterization of Al
nanoparticles properties 11 1.3.1. Light scattering methods 12 1.3.2. Gas
adsorption method: specific surface measurement, BET diameter 13 1.3.3.
Thermal analysis: purity or aluminum content percentage and oxide thickness
13 1.3.4. Chemical analysis 15 1.4. Oxidation of aluminum: basic chemistry
and models 16 1.4.1. Initial stage of aluminum oxidation from first
principles calculations 16 1.4.2. Thermodynamic modeling of Al oxidation
under low heating rate 18 1.5. Why incorporate Al nanoparticles into
propellant and rocket technology? 23 1.5.1. Reduction of the melting point
24 1.5.2. Increase in the reactivity 25 CHAPTER 2. APPLICATIONS: AL
NANOPARTICLES IN GELLED PROPELLANTS AND SOLID FUELS 27 2.1. Gelled
propellants 27 2.2. Solid propellants 29 2.3. Solid fuel 31 CHAPTER 3.
APPLICATIONS OF AL NANOPARTICLES: NANOTHERMITES 33 3.1. Method of
preparation 35 3.1.1. Ultrasonic nanopowder mixing 36 3.1.2. Rapid
expansion of a supercritical dispersion 38 3.1.3. Molecular self-assembly
of nanoparticles 39 3.2. Key parameters 42 3.2.1. The bulk density,
theoretical density and compaction 42 3.2.2. The stochiometry 44 3.2.3. The
size of Al and oxidizer particles 46 3.2.4. The passivation layer 49 3.3.
Pressure generation tests 50 3.4. Combustion tests 52 3.4.1. Open tray
experiments 52 3.4.2. Optical temperature measurement: spectroscopy 53
3.4.3. Photodiodes 54 3.4.4. Confined combustion tests 54 3.5. Ignition
tests 56 3.5.1. Impact ignition 56 3.5.2. High-rate heating (106-107°C/s)
57 3.5.3. Low and uniform heating (10-100°C/s) 57 3.6. Electrostatic
discharge (ESD) sensitivity tests 58 CHAPTER 4. OTHER REACTIVE
NANOMATERIALS AND NANOTHERMITE SYSTEMS 63 4.1. Sol-gel materials 63 4.2.
Reactive multilayered foils 66 4.2.1. Bimetallic multilayered foils 67
4.2.2. Thermite multilayered foils 72 4.2.3. Summary 77 4.3. Dense reactive
materials 77 4.3.1. Arrested reactive milling 78 4.3.2. Cold-spray
consolidation 81 4.4. Core-shell structures 83 4.5. Reactive porous silicon
86 4.6. Other energetic systems 88 CHAPTER 5. COMBUSTION AND PRESSURE
GENERATION MECHANISMS 91 5.1. General views of Al particle combustion:
micro versus nano, diffusion-based kinetics 93 5.2. Stress in the oxide
layer and shrinking core model 95 5.3. Aluminum oxidation through
diffusion-reaction mechanisms 97 5.4. Melt-dispersion mechanism 99 5.5. Gas
and pressure generation in nanothermites 100 5.5.1. Thermodynamic models
100 5.5.2. Application to Al/CuO 103 CHAPTER 6. APPLICATIONS 107 6.1.
Reactive bonding 108 6.2. Microignition chips 110 6.3.
Microactuation/propulsion 113 6.3.1. High energetic actuators 113 6.3.2.
Fast impulse nanothermite thrusters 113 6.3.3. Smooth actuators 116 6.4.
Material processing and others 119 CONCLUSIONS 121 BIBLIOGRAPHY 125 INDEX
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