American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE)

AIChE Equipment Testing Procedure - Trayed and Packed Columns (eBook, ePUB)

A Guide to Performance Evaluation

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

AIChE manual updates and consolidates procedures for testing performance of distillation columns From classic distillation operations to air stripping to other separations processes, selecting the correct column for appropriate efficient, safe, and environmentally-sound operations can be an important step. The newest updated volume in AIChE's long-running Equipment Testing Procedures series, Trayed and Packed Columns: A Guide to Performance Evaluation, Third Edition provides chemical engineers, plant managers, and other professionals with helpful advice to assess and measure performance of a variety of distillation columns, including those that utilize bubble cap, sieve, valve trays, or packing material. The new book combines and updates into one user-friendly volume the best available field knowledge from previous publications on both types of distillation columns. Designed not as a single set of compulsory steps, but as a compilation of techniques, it will allow the user to select the procedure that best applies to its operating parameters. The testing steps presented can be used to assess reliable performance data on mass transfer efficiency, capacity, energy consumption, and pressure drop--information essential to effective troubleshooting of performance problems, identifying capacity bottlenecks, determining operating ranges, and a number of other routine maintenance and optimization processes. Opening with an extensive definition section, organized by topical area, the book then goes on to address: * Selection of instrumentation and identification of elements to be measured * Pre-test planning procedures * Strategies for data collection and evaluation, including sampling procedures * Pre-test, in-test, and post-test considerations (equipment, safety, process, environmental) * Computation and interpretation of results, including individual breakdowns for trayed and packed columns in terms of hydraulic and efficiency performance * Test troubleshooting analysis in twelve key areas The book concludes with appendices for relevant symbols and nomenclature, plus sample caculations generated from performance tests. With its engineer-tested procedures and thorough explanations, Trayed and Packed Columns: A Guide to Performance Evaluation, Third Edition is an essential text for anyone engaged in implementing new technology in equipment design, identifying process problems, and optimizing equipment performance.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 152
• Erscheinungstermin: 3. Februar 2014
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781118860182
• Artikelnr.: 40464561

Autorenporträt

THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS (AIChE) is a distinguished professional association that strives to provide leadership in the advancing chemical engineering profession. The Equipment Testing Procedures Committee is composed of engineers with substantial experience in the design and operation of process plants, as well as in solving problems that can arise with the equipment used in these plants.

Inhaltsangabe

100.0 PURPOSE & SCOPE 1 101.0 Purpose 1 102.0 Scope 1 200.0 DEFINITION AND
DESCRIPTION OF TERMS 2 201.0 Flow Quantities 2 202.0 Key Components 3 203.0
Mass Transfer Efficiency 4 203.1 Theoretical Trays or Plates or Stages 4
203.2 Overall Column Efficiency 4 203.3 Apparent Murphree Tray Efficiency 4
203.4 Ideal Murphree Tray Efficiency 4 203.5 Murphree Point Efficiency 4
203.6 HETP 4 203.7 HTU 4 203.8 NTU 4 204.0 Operating Lines 5 205.0 Pinch 5
206.0 Maximum Throughput 5 206.1 Maximum Hydraulic Throughput 5 206.2
Maximum Operational Capacity 5 206.3 Maximum Efficient Capacity 5 207.0
Minimum Operating Rate 5 208.0 Operating Section 5 209.0 Hardware 6 209.1
Components of a Trayed Column 6 209.2 Components of a Packed Column 7 300.0
TEST PLANNING 9 301.0 Preliminary Preparation 9 301.1 Safety 10 301.2
Environmental Considerations 10 301.3 Test Objectives 10 301.4
Organizational Resources 10 301.5 Schedule 10 301.6 Review of Historic
Operating Data 10 302.0 Column Control and Instrumentation 11 303.0
Peripheral Equipment 11 304.0 Pre-test Calculations 11 304.1 Process
Simulation 11 304.2 Dry Run 11 305.0 Types of Tests 12 305.1 Performance
Tests 12 305.2 Acceptance Tests 12 306.0 Specific Areas of Interest 12
306.1 Packing Efficiencies 12 306.2 Tray Efficiencies 12 306.3 Overall
Column Efficiency 13 306.4 Capacity Limitations 13 307.0 Energy Consumption
14 308.0 Pressure Drop Restrictions 15 309.0 Data Collection Requirements
15 309.1 Process Operating Data 15 309.2 Gamma Scan Data 15 310.0
Conditions of External Streams 18 310.1 Overall and Component Material
Balances 18 310.2 Overall Enthalpy Balances 18 311.0 Internal Temperatures
18 311.1 Heat Balances 18 311.2 Internal Profiles 18 312.0 Internal Samples
20 312.1 Internal Samples for Efficiency Checks 20 312.2 Internal Samples
for Overall Performance 20 313.0 Pressure Profiles 20 314.0 Data
Requirements-Physical Properties 20 314.1 Test Mixtures 20 314.2 Essential
Data 21 315.0 Auxiliary Data 21 316.0 Test Procedure Documentation 21 400.0
METHODS OF MEASUREMENT AND SAMPLING 22 401.0 System Controls and Operating
Stability 22 402.0 Measurement of Temperatures 22 402.1 Accuracy 22 402.2
Errors 22 403.0 Measurement of Flow Rates 24 403.1 Orifice Meters 24 403.2
Rotameters 25 403.3 Vortex Flow Meters 25 403.4 Coriolis Flow Meters 25
403.5 Magnetic Flow Meters 25 403.6 Pitot Tube (or Annubar) 25 403.7 Direct
Volume or Weight Measurement 26 404.0 Measurement of Column Pressure Drop
26 404.1 Instrument 26 404.2 Pressure Taps 26 404.3 Seal Pots 33 404.4
Leakage Check 33 404.5 Accuracy 33 405.0 Sampling Procedure 34 405.1
General 34 405.2 Selection of Sampling Points 34 405.3 Sample Connections
35 405.4 Containers 35 405.5 Sampling of High Boiling Materials 36 405.6
Sampling of Intermediate Boiling Materials 37 405.7 Sampling of Materials
Having Boiling Points Below -50°F (-46°C) 40 405.8 Leakage Check 41 405.9
Labeling and Handling the Samples 41 500.0 TEST PROCEDURE 43 501.0
Preliminary 43 502.0 Test Procedure for Maximum Hydraulic Throughput 43
502.1 Flood Symptoms 44 502.2 Performing Capacity Tests 45 502.3 Optional
Test Technique - Gamma Scanning 48 503.0 Considerations Affecting
Efficiency Test Procedure 48 503.1 Rigorous Versus Shortcut Efficiency
Tests 48 503.2 Strategy of Efficiency Testing 49 503.3 Early Preparation
for Efficiency Tests 50 503.4 Last-minute Preparations for Efficiency Tests
53 503.5 Establishment of Steady State Conditions 55 503.6 The Test Day 56
503.7 Concluding Test 56 600.0 COMPUTATION OF RESULTS 601.0 Verification of
Test Data and Simulation Models 58 602.0 Material Balance 59 602.1 End
Effects 59 603.0 Enthalpy Balance 59 603.1 Overall Balance 59 603.2
Internal Flow Rates 60 604.0 Hydraulic Performance 60 604.1 Trayed Column
60 604.2 Packed Column 61 605.0 Efficiency Performance 61 605.1 Trayed
Column 62 605.2 Packed Column 69 700.0 INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS 76 701.0
Sources of Experimental Error 76 701.1 Material and Enthalpy Balances 77
702.0 Effects of Experimental Error 78 703.0 Design versus Performance 78
703.1 Mechanical/Tower Equipment 78 703.2 Process Conditions 78 704.0
Hydraulic Performance 79 704.1 Mechanical/Tower Equipment 79 704.2 Tray 79
704.3 Packing 80 704.4 Process Conditions 80 705.0 Mass Transfer
Performance 81 705.1 Mechanical/Tower Equipment 81 705.2 Tray 81 705.3
Packing 82 705.4 Maldistribution 82 705.5 Process 84 706.0 Test
Troubleshooting 85 706.1 Analysis Procedure 85 706.2 Sampling 85 706.3
Equilibrium Data 85 706.4 Temperature Measurements 85 706.5 Heat and
Material Balances 86 706.6 Fluctuation of Process Conditions 86 706.7
Pressure Drop Measurements 86 706.8 Incorrect Prediction of Pressure Drop
86 706.9 Errors in Assumptions in Modeling Mass Transfer 86 706.10
Multicomponent Systems Deviate from Binary Data 87 706.11 High Purity
Separation 87 706.12 Test and Design Conditions 87 800.0 APPENDIX 88 801.0
Notation 88 801.1 Greek Symbols 90 802.0 Sample Calculations 90 802.1
General Analysis of Test Data 90 802.2 Packed Column 91 802.3 Trayed Column
107 803.0 References 126