Anton A. Kiss

Advanced Distillation Technologies (eBook, ePUB)

Design, Control and Applications

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

Distillation has historically been the main method for separating mixtures in the chemical process industry. However, despite the flexibility and widespread use of distillation processes, they still remain extremely energy inefficient. Increased optimization and novel distillation concepts can deliver substantial benefits, not just in terms of significantly lower energy use, but also in reducing capital investment and improving eco-efficiency. While likely to remain the separation technology of choice for the next few decades, there is no doubt that distillation technologies need to make radical changes in order to meet the demands of the energy-conscious society. Advanced Distillation Technologies: Design, Control and Applications gives a deep and broad insight into integrated separations using non-conventional arrangements, including both current and upcoming process intensification technologies. It includes: * Key concepts in distillation technology * Principles of design, control, sizing and economics of distillation * Dividing-wall column (DWC) - design, configurations, optimal operation and energy efficient and advanced control * DWC applications in ternary separations, azeotropic, extractive and reactive distillation * Heat integrated distillation column (HIDiC) - design, equipment and configurations * Heat-pump assisted applications (MVR, TVR, AHP, CHRP, TAHP and others) * Cyclic distillation technology - concepts, modeling approach, design and control issues * Reactive distillation - fundamentals, equipment, applications, feasibility scheme * Results of rigorous simulations in Mathworks Matlab & Simulink, Aspen Plus, Dynamics and Custom Modeler Containing abundant examples and industrial case studies, this is a unique resource that tackles the most advanced distillation technologies - all the way from the conceptual design to practical implementation. The author of Advanced Distillation Technologies, Dr. Ir. Anton A. Kiss, has been awarded the Hoogewerff Jongerenprijs 2013. href="http://www.hoogewerff-fonds.nl/nieuws/26/hoogewerff_jongerenprijs_2013_toegekend_aan_veelzijdige_procestechnoloog">Find out more (website in Dutch)...

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 416
• Erscheinungstermin: 26. Februar 2013
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781118544815
• Artikelnr.: 52975229

Autorenporträt

Dr. Ir. Anton A. Kiss has a PhD degree in chemical engineering and around 15 years of academic research and education experience, supported by 5 years of industrial research experience in the area of distillation and integrated chemical processes. Currently, he works as project leader and senior researcher in Separation Technology at AkzoNobel Research, Development & Innovation, Deventer, The Netherlands, acting as the key expert in distillation, reactive-separations, and other integrated processes. In his capacity as an award-winning researcher in separation technologies - particularly in distillation - Dr Kiss has given many lectures at universities and conferences and has carried out more than 100 research & industrial projects. He has also supervised numerous graduation projects, and has published several textbooks and more than 50 scientific articles in peer-reviewed journals.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xiii Acknowledgements xv 1 Basic Concepts in Distillation 1 1.1
Introduction 1 1.2 Physical Property Methods 2 1.3 Vapor Pressure 6 1.4
Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium and VLE Non-ideality 8 1.4.1 Vapor-Liquid
Equilibrium 8 1.4.2 VLE Non-ideality 11 1.5 Relative Volatility 13 1.6
Bubble Point Calculations 14 1.7 Ternary Diagrams and Residue Curve Maps 16
1.7.1 Ternary Diagrams 16 1.7.2 Residue Curve Maps 18 1.8 Analysis of
Distillation Columns 24 1.8.1 Degrees of Freedom Analysis 26 1.8.2
McCabe-Thiele Method 27 1.8.3 Approximate Multicomponent Methods 33 1.9
Concluding Remarks 34 References 35 2 Design, Control and Economics of
Distillation 37 2.1 Introduction 37 2.2 Design Principles 38 2.2.1
Operating Pressure 39 2.2.2 Heuristic Optimization 40 2.2.3 Rigorous
Optimization 41 2.2.4 Feed Preheating 42 2.2.5 Intermediate Reboilers and
Condensers 42 2.2.6 Heat Integration 43 2.3 Basics of Distillation Control
44 2.3.1 Single-End Control 46 2.3.2 Dual-End Control 49 2.3.3 Alternative
Control Structures 52 2.3.4 Constraint Control 53 2.3.5 Multivariable
Control 54 2.4 Economic Evaluation 55 2.4.1 Equipment Sizing 56 2.4.2
Equipment Cost 59 2.4.3 Utilities and Energy Cost 62 2.4.4 Cost of
Chemicals 63 2.5 Concluding Remarks 63 References 64 3 Dividing-Wall Column
67 3.1 Introduction 67 3.2 DWC Configurations 70 3.3 Design of DWCs 75
3.3.1 Heuristic Rules for DWC Design 77 3.3.2 Approximate Design Methods 78
3.3.3 Vmin Diagram Method 79 3.3.4 Optimal Design of a DWC 82 3.4 Modeling
of a DWC 83 3.4.1 Pump-Around Model 84 3.4.2 Two Columns Sequence Model 84
3.4.3 Four Columns Sequence Model 85 3.4.4 Simultaneous Models 86 3.4.5
Simulation of a Four-Product DWC 86 3.4.6 Optimization Methods 86 3.5 DWC
Equipment 87 3.5.1 Liquid/Reflux Splitter 89 3.5.2 Column Internals 91
3.5.3 Equipment Sizing 91 3.5.4 Constructional Aspects 94 3.6 Case Study:
Separation of Aromatics 97 3.7 Concluding Remarks 103 References 107 4
Optimal Operation and Control of DWC 111 4.1 Introduction 111 4.2 Degrees
of Freedom Analysis 112 4.3 Optimal Operation and Vmin Diagram 114 4.4
Overview of DWC Control Structures 117 4.4.1 Three-Point Control Structure
118 4.4.2 Three-Point Control Structure with Alternative Pairing 120 4.4.3
Four-Point Control Structure 121 4.4.4 Three-Point Control Structure with
Nested Loops 121 4.4.5 Performance Control of Prefractionator Sub-system
using the Liquid Split 122 4.4.6 Control Structures Based on Inferential
Temperature Measurements 123 4.4.7 Feedforward Control to Reject Frequent
Measurable Disturbances 126 4.4.8 Advanced Control Techniques 127 4.5
Control Guidelines and Rules 128 4.6 Case Study: Pentane-Hexane-Heptane
Separation 129 4.7 Case Study: Energy Efficient Control of a BTX DWC 132
4.7.1 Energy Efficient Control Strategies 135 4.7.2 Dynamic Simulations 139
4.8 Concluding Remarks 148 References 149 5 Advanced Control Strategies for
DWC 153 5.1 Introduction 153 5.2 Overview of Previous Work 154 5.3 Dynamic
Model of a DWC 156 5.4 Conventional versus Advanced Control Strategies 163
5.4.1 PID Loops within a Multi-loop Framework 163 5.4.2 Linear Quadratic
Gaussian Control 165 5.4.3 Generic Model Control 167 5.4.4 Multivariable
Controller Synthesis 167 5.5 Energy Efficient Control Strategies 171 5.5.1
Background of Model Predictive Control 173 5.5.2 Controller Tuning
Parameters 175 5.5.3 Dynamic Simulations 176 5.6 Concluding Remarks 180
Notation 181 References 183 6 Applications of Dividing-Wall Columns 187 6.1
Introduction 187 6.2 Separation of Ternary and Multicomponent Mixtures 188
6.3 Reactive Dividing-Wall Column 195 6.4 Azeotropic Dividing-Wall Column
198 6.5 Extractive Dividing-Wall Column 199 6.6 Revamping of Conventional
Columns to DWC 203 6.7 Case Study: Dimethyl Ether Synthesis by R-DWC 205
6.8 Case Study: Bioethanol Dehydration by A-DWC and E-DWC 212 6.9
Concluding Remarks 223 References 223 7 Heat Pump Assisted Distillation 229
7.1 Introduction 229 7.2 Working Principle 231 7.3 Vapor (Re)compression
232 7.3.1 Vapor Compression 233 7.3.2 Mechanical Vapor Recompression 233
7.3.3 Thermal Vapor Recompression 234 7.4 Absorption-Resorption Heat Pumps
234 7.4.1 Absorption Heat Pump 234 7.4.2 Compression-Resorption Heat Pump
235 7.5 Thermo-acoustic Heat Pump 236 7.6 Other Heat Pumps 240 7.6.1
Stirling Cycle 240 7.6.2 Vuilleumier Cycle 241 7.6.3 Brayton Cycle 241
7.6.4 Malone Cycle 242 7.6.5 Solid-Sorption Cycle 242 7.7 Heat-Integrated
Distillation Column 244 7.8 Technology Selection Scheme 245 7.8.1 Energy
Efficient Distillation Technologies 246 7.8.2 Multicomponent Separations
249 7.8.3 Binary Distillation 254 7.8.4 Selected Scheme Applications 263
7.9 Concluding Remarks 265 References 265 8 Heat-Integrated Distillation
Column 271 8.1 Introduction 271 8.2 Working Principle 273 8.3 Thermodynamic
Analysis 277 8.4 Potential Energy Savings 280 8.4.1Partial Heat Integrated
Distillation Column (p-HIDiC) 280 8.4.2 Ideal Heat Integrated Distillation
Column (i-HIDiC) 281 8.5 Design and Construction Options 282 8.5.1
Inter-coupled Distillation Columns 284 8.5.2 Distillation Column with
Partition Wall 285 8.5.3 Concentric Distillation Column 287 8.5.4
Concentric Column with Heat Panels 288 8.5.5 Shell & Tube Heat-Exchanger
Column 289 8.5.6 Plate-Fin Heat-Exchanger Column 290 8.5.7 Heat Transfer
Means 292 8.6 Modeling and Simulation 295 8.7 Process Dynamics, Control,
and Operation 297 8.8 Applications of HIDiC 300 8.9 Concluding Remarks 304
References 305 9 Cyclic Distillation 311 9.1 Introduction 311 9.2 Overview
of Cyclic Distillation Processes 313 9.3 Process Description 316 9.4
Mathematical and Hydrodynamic Model 319 9.4.1 Mathematical Model 319 9.4.2
Hydrodynamic Model 321 9.4.3 Sensitivity Analysis 323 9.5 Modeling and
Design of Cyclic Distillation 327 9.5.1 Modeling Approach 329 9.5.2
Comparison with Classic Distillation 331 9.5.3 Design Methodology 331 9.5.4
Demonstration of the Design Procedure 333 9.6 Control of Cyclic
Distillation 335 9.7 Cyclic Distillation Case Studies 338 9.7.1
Ethanol-Water Stripping and Concentration 338 9.7.2 Methanol-Water
Separation 341 9.8 Concluding Remarks 347 References 349 10 Reactive
Distillation 353 10.1 Introduction 353 10.2 Principles of Reactive
Distillation 354 10.3 Design, Control and Applications 357 10.4 Modeling
Reactive Distillation 362 10.5 Feasibility and Technical Evaluation 364
10.5.1 Feasibility Evaluation 364 10.5.2 Technical Evaluation 367 10.6 Case
Study: Advanced Control of a Reactive Distillation Column 371 10.6.1
Mathematical Model 371 10.6.2 Open-Loop Dynamic Analysis 374 10.6.3
Closed-Loop Performance 374 10.7 Case Study: Biodiesel Production by
Heat-Integrated RD 378 10.8 Case Study: Fatty Esters Synthesis by Dual RD
383 10.9 Concluding Remarks 387 References 388 Index 393

Rezensionen

"In conclusion, this book will be of most interest to chemical engineers working in the field of process intensification and distillation of petrochemicals and related materials." (Organic Process Research & Development Journal, 26 July 2013)